将逗号转换为点和数字，但仅限于一定数量的变量

Posted 2023-04-14

【中文标题】将逗号转换为点和数字，但仅限于一定数量的变量

【英文标题】：Convert comma's to point and as numeric, but only in a certain amount of variables

【发布时间】：2020-10-22 15:39:22

【问题描述】：

所以我有一个看起来像这样的 df，其中数值拆分为逗号而不是点，它们被归类为字符。

var0 <- c("There, are commas", "in the text, string", "as,well", "how, can", "i", "fix, this", "thank you")
var1 <- c("50,0", "72,0", "960,0", "1.920,0", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")
var2 <- c("40,0", "742,0", "9460,0", "1.920,0", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")
var3<- c("40,0", "72,0", "90,0", "1,30", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")
...
var96 <- c("40,0", "742,0", "9460,0", "1.920,0", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")

df <- data.frame(cbind(var0, var1, var2, var3))

我知道如何使用 gsub 手动转换每个变量，但正如您在下面看到的，我有大约 96 个。除此之外，我还有其他变量，包括不需要转换逗号的文本字符串和因子级别。

有什么建议吗？

谢谢

【问题讨论】：

创建data.frame时，不需要cbind。

【参考方案1】：

这是一个仅用小数点替换逗号并在所有字符都是数字 0-9、点和逗号时删除所有其他点的函数。

commas2dots <- function(x)
  if(any(grepl("[^\\.,[:digit:]]", x)))
    x
   else 
    y <- gsub("\\.", "", x)
    tc <- textConnection(y)
    on.exit(close(tc))
    scan(tc, dec = ",", quiet = TRUE)
  


lapply(df, commas2dots)
#$var0
#[1] "There, are commas"   "in the text, string"
#[3] "as,well"             "how, can"           
#[5] "i"                   "fix, this"          
#[7] "thank you"          
#
#$var1
#[1]   50   72  960 1920   50   50  960
#
#$var2
#[1]   40  742 9460 1920   50   50  960
#
#$var3
#[1]  40.0  72.0  90.0   1.3  50.0  50.0 960.0
#
#$var96
#[1]   40  742 9460 1920   50   50  960

更改 data.frame 的列：

df[] <- lapply(df, commas2dots)
df
#                 var0 var1 var2  var3 var96
#1   There, are commas   50   40  40.0    40
#2 in the text, string   72  742  72.0   742
#3             as,well  960 9460  90.0  9460
#4            how, can 1920 1920   1.3  1920
#5                   i   50   50  50.0    50
#6           fix, this   50   50  50.0    50
#7           thank you  960  960 960.0   960

数据

var0 <- c("There, are commas", "in the text, string", "as,well", "how, can", "i", "fix, this", "thank you")
var1 <- c("50,0", "72,0", "960,0", "1.920,0", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")
var2 <- c("40,0", "742,0", "9460,0", "1.920,0", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")
var3<- c("40,0", "72,0", "90,0", "1,30", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")
var96 <- c("40,0", "742,0", "9460,0", "1.920,0", "50,0", "50,0", "960,0")

df <- data.frame(var0, var1, var2, var3, var96)

【参考方案2】：

tidyverse 包非常适合这种事情。

library(tidyverse)
df <- df %>% 
      # First, remove the points in your numbers b/c otherwise, you'll end up
      # with, e.g., "1.920.0"
      mutate_all(.fun = function(x) gsub("\\.", "", x)) %>% 
      # Next, replace all the commas with points and convert to numeric. Only do
      # this for the columns that don't contain text, though.
      mutate_at(.vars = vars(matches("var[1-3]")), 
                .fun = function(x) as.numeric(gsub(",", "\\.", x)))

请注意，在mutate_at 调用中，我假设只有“var0”列包含您想要保留的文本，并且我将任何与正则表达式“var[1-3]”匹配的内容转换为数字数据和使用的点而不是逗号。您需要根据您的情况调整该正则表达式。