具有不同日期的列到行

Posted 2023-04-12

【中文标题】具有不同日期的列到行

【英文标题】：Columns to Rows with varying dates

【发布时间】：2018-10-24 06:34:31

【问题描述】：

请参阅下面的示例数据和所需的输出格式：

--SAMPLE TABLE
DECLARE @TEMP TABLE(
    DATA_DATE DATE,
    PROD_ID INT,
    CAT_CODE NVARCHAR(10),
    DATABUCKET_1 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_2 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_3 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_4 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_5 FLOAT);

INSERT INTO @TEMP VALUES('19-Oct-2018',100,'C1', 100,200,300,400,500)

SELECT * FROM @TEMP;

--PREFERRED OUTPUT FORMAT

SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '19-Oct-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 100 AS UNITS, 'W1' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_1, THE DATE REMAINS SAME (AS DATA_DATE)
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '12-Oct-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 200 AS UNITS, 'W2' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_2, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W1
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '05-Oct-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 300 AS UNITS, 'W3' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_3, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W2
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '28-Sep-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 400 AS UNITS, 'W4' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_4, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W3
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '21-Sep-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 500 AS UNITS, 'W5' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_5, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W4

补充几点：

我的实际表有 106 个数据桶和其他几列。 为了简单起见，我在这里只给出了几个。 每个月都会收到一个具有不同 DATA_DATE 值的新文件。 DATA_DATE 值在一个文件中相同，对应DATABUCKET_1 对于其他 DATABUCKETS，该值为一周前。

请告诉我如何使用 UNPIVOT 实现这一目标。在此先感谢

【参考方案1】：

使用动态 T-SQL 语句可以很容易地做到这一点。我们的想法是提前获取我们需要用于反透视的列，并为每列添加添加订单 ID。此数字将用于计算最后一列和日期列。

注意，我已将@table variable 更改为normal table，以便能够从sys.columns 视图中动态读取列。当然，在您的真实示例中，您可以随意填充表格，也可以随意对列进行排序。

--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS [dbo].[Temp];

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Temp](
    DATA_DATE DATE,
    PROD_ID INT,
    CAT_CODE NVARCHAR(10),
    DATABUCKET_1 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_2 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_3 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_4 FLOAT,
    DATABUCKET_5 FLOAT);

INSERT INTO [dbo].[Temp] VALUES ('19-Oct-2018',100,'C1', 100,200,300,400,500)

SELECT * FROM [dbo].[Temp];

--PREFERRED OUTPUT FORMAT

SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '19-Oct-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 100 AS UNITS, 'W1' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_1, THE DATE REMAINS SAME (AS DATA_DATE)
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '12-Oct-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 200 AS UNITS, 'W2' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_2, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W1
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '05-Oct-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 300 AS UNITS, 'W3' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_3, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W2
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '28-Sep-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 400 AS UNITS, 'W4' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_4, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W3
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C1' AS CAT_CODE, '21-Sep-2018' AS DATA_DATE, 500 AS UNITS, 'W5' AS WEEK_NUM--FOR DATABUCKET_5, THE DATE IS ONE WEEK BEFORE THAT OF W4


DECLARE @DynamicTSQLStatement NVARCHAR(MAX)
       ,@ColumnNames NVARCHAR(MAX);

--DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #Columns;

CREATE TABLE #Columns
(
    [ID] INT
   ,[name] SYSNAME
);

INSERT INTO #Columns ([ID], [name])
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [column_id]) - 1
      ,[name]
FROM [sys].[columns]
WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[Temp]')
    AND [name] LIKE '%DATABUCKET%';

SELECT @ColumnNames = STUFF
(
    (
        SELECT ',[' + [name] + ']'
        FROM #Columns
        ORDER BY [id]
        FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
    ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
   ,1
   ,1
   ,''
);


SET @DynamicTSQLStatement = N'
SELECT [CAT_CODE]
      ,DATEADD(WEEK, -1 * C.id, DATA_DATE) AS DATA_DATE
      ,value as UNITS
      ,''W'' + CAST(c.id + 1 AS VARCHAR(8)) as [WEEK_NUM]
FROM [dbo].[Temp] 
UNPIVOT
(
    [value] FOR [column] IN ('+ @ColumnNames +')
) UNPVT
INNER JOIN #Columns C
    ON UNPVT.[column] = c.[name] 
ORDER BY DATA_DATE DESC
;'

EXEC sp_executesql @DynamicTSQLStatement;

所以，这就是想法。由操作代码来处理您的数据。

【参考方案2】：

您可以使用CROSS APPLY 执行un-pivot

SELECT  t.CAT_CODE, d.*
FROM    @TEMP t
    CROSS APPLY
    (
        SELECT  DATA_DATE = t.DATA_DATE, UNITS = t.DATABUCKET_1, WEEK_NUM = 'W1'    union all
        SELECT  DATA_DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -7, t.DATA_DATE), UNITS = t.DATABUCKET_2, WEEK_NUM = 'W2'  union all
        SELECT  DATA_DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -14, t.DATA_DATE), UNITS = t.DATABUCKET_3, WEEK_NUM = 'W3' union all
        SELECT  DATA_DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -21, t.DATA_DATE), UNITS = t.DATABUCKET_4, WEEK_NUM = 'W4' union all
        SELECT  DATA_DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -28, t.DATA_DATE), UNITS = t.DATABUCKET_5, WEEK_NUM = 'W5'
    ) d

或使用计数/数字表

SELECT  t.CAT_CODE, DATA_DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -7 * n, t.DATA_DATE),
    UNITS   = CASE n
            WHEN 0 THEN t.DATABUCKET_1
            WHEN 1 THEN t.DATABUCKET_2
            WHEN 2 THEN t.DATABUCKET_3
            WHEN 3 THEN t.DATABUCKET_4
            WHEN 4 THEN t.DATABUCKET_5
            END,
    WEEK_NUM = 'W' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), n + 1)
FROM    @TEMP t
    INNER JOIN NUMBERS n    ON  n   between 0 and 4

如果你真的有 106 个桶，你真的应该考虑标准化你的表。否则，您需要对 106 行重复上述操作。另一种方式是使用Dynamic SQL来处理