LINQ中的关系划分?
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【中文标题】LINQ中的关系划分?【英文标题】:Relational division in LINQ? 【发布时间】:2013-04-25 08:15:29 【问题描述】:关系部门是Codd 的原始关系运算符之一,俗称提供所有零件的供应商。已经有各种 SQL 翻译,例如Celko 以the pilots who can fly all the planes in the hangar 为例讨论了几种方法。
我更喜欢“与集合操作员的划分”,因为它是“有剩余的”(即威尔逊也可以驾驶 F-17 战斗机,但机库中没有)以及它如何处理当divisor 是空集(即当机库为空时,所有飞行员都返回):
WITH PilotSkills
AS
(
SELECT *
FROM (
VALUES ( 'Celko', 'Piper Cub' ),
( 'Higgins', 'B-52 Bomber' ), ( 'Higgins', 'F-14 Fighter' ),
( 'Higgins', 'Piper Cub' ),
( 'Jones', 'B-52 Bomber' ), ( 'Jones', 'F-14 Fighter' ),
( 'Smith', 'B-1 Bomber' ), ( 'Smith', 'B-52 Bomber' ),
( 'Smith', 'F-14 Fighter' ),
( 'Wilson', 'B-1 Bomber' ), ( 'Wilson', 'B-52 Bomber' ),
( 'Wilson', 'F-14 Fighter' ), ( 'Wilson', 'F-17 Fighter' )
) AS T ( pilot_name, plane_name )
),
Hangar
AS
(
SELECT *
FROM (
VALUES ( 'B-1 Bomber' ),
( 'B-52 Bomber' ),
( 'F-14 Fighter' )
) AS T ( plane_name )
)
SELECT DISTINCT pilot_name
FROM PilotSkills AS P1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT plane_name
FROM Hangar
EXCEPT
SELECT plane_name
FROM PilotSkills AS P2
WHERE P1.pilot_name = P2.pilot_name
);
现在我需要在 LINQ to Objects 中执行此操作。这是一个建议的直接翻译:
var hangar = new []
new PlaneName = "B-1 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber"
.AsEnumerable();
var pilotSkills = new []
new PilotName = "Celko", PlaneName = "Piper Cub" ,
new PilotName = "Higgins", PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PilotName = "Higgins", PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PilotName = "Higgins", PlaneName = "Piper Cub" ,
new PilotName = "Jones", PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PilotName = "Jones", PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PilotName = "Smith", PlaneName = "B-1 Bomber" ,
new PilotName = "Smith", PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PilotName = "Smith", PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PilotName = "Wilson", PlaneName = "B-1 Bomber" ,
new PilotName = "Wilson", PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PilotName = "Wilson", PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PilotName = "Wilson", PlaneName = "F-17 Fighter"
.AsEnumerable();
var actual = pilotSkills.Where
(
p1 => hangar.Except
(
pilotSkills.Where( p2 => p2.PilotName == p1.PilotName )
.Select( p2 => new p2.PlaneName )
).Any() == false
).Select( p1 => new p1.PilotName ).Distinct();
var expected = new []
new PilotName = "Smith" ,
new PilotName = "Wilson"
;
Assert.That( actual, Is.EquivalentTo( expected ) );
作为LINQ is supposedly based on the relational algebra,直接翻译似乎是合理的。但是有更好的“原生”LINQ 方法吗?
考虑到@Daniel Hilgarth 的回答,在 .NET Land 中,数据很可能首先被“分组”:
var pilotSkills = new []
new PilotName = "Celko",
Planes = new []
new PlaneName = "Piper Cub" , ,
new PilotName = "Higgins",
Planes = new []
new PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PlaneName = "Piper Cub" , ,
new PilotName = "Jones",
Planes = new []
new PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" , ,
new PilotName = "Smith",
Planes = new []
new PlaneName = "B-1 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" , ,
new PilotName = "Wilson",
Planes = new []
new PlaneName = "B-1 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "B-52 Bomber" ,
new PlaneName = "F-14 Fighter" ,
new PlaneName = "F-17 Fighter" , ,
;
...仅投影名称是任意的,使潜在的解决方案更加直接:
// Easy to understand at a glance:
var actual1 = pilotSkills.Where( x => hangar.All( y => x.Planes.Contains(y) ));
// Potentially more efficient:
var actual = pilotSkills.Where( x => !hangar.Except( x.Planes ).Any() );
【问题讨论】:
你不需要AsEnumerable()
,数组是IEnumerable以下应该产生相同的结果:
pilotSkills.GroupBy(x => x.PilotName, x => x.PlaneName)
.Where(g => hangar.All(y => g.Contains(y.PlaneName)))
这将为每位飞行员返回一个可以驾驶机库中所有飞机的小组。 组的关键是飞行员的名字,组的内容是飞行员能飞的所有飞机,包括那些不在机库的飞机。
如果您现在只想要飞行员,您可以在查询末尾添加.Select(g => new PilotName = g.Key )
。
将上述方法与Except
一起使用,使其更接近OP的原版:
pilotSkills.GroupBy(x => x.PilotName, x => new x.PlaneName )
.Where(g => !hangar.Except(g).Any());
第二个查询可能更好,因为它只迭代g
一次;第一个带有Contains
的查询会迭代它 N 次,其中 N 是机库中的飞机数量。
【讨论】:
*$(*%£" 只需击败我即可获得答案,但是您确实需要最后选择才能获得与 OP 完全相同的结果... @BobVale:是的,我比你快了 10 分钟 :p 是的,我已经添加了选择。对我来说,更重要的是证明所有飞机都已归还,而不仅仅是机库中的那些。 @BobVale:我讨厌这种事情发生在我身上...... :) @BobVale:顺便说一句:您的答案不正确。你把它换了。你归还了那些他们可以驾驶的每架飞机都存在于机库中的人。例如。你返回了Jones
。他无法驾驶机库中的所有飞机。但他能飞的所有飞机都在那里。
我推了这个,这就是为什么我删除了我的,因为你给出了几乎相同的答案,只是条件正确【参考方案2】:
使用@Daniel Hilgarth 的回答中的方法,但更接近我的原作:
var actual = pilotSkills
.GroupBy(x => x.PilotName, x => new x.PlaneName )
.Where(g => !hangar.Except(g).Any())
.Select(x => new PilotName = x.Key );
【讨论】:
您使用Except
的解决方案可能会更好,因为它只迭代g
一次。我使用Contains
的解决方案将其迭代 N 次,其中 N 是机库中的飞机数量。以上是关于LINQ中的关系划分?的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章