如何连接多个表,包括查找表并按行返回数据
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】如何连接多个表,包括查找表并按行返回数据【英文标题】:How to join multiple tables including lookup table and return data in rows 【发布时间】:2012-06-02 12:08:46 【问题描述】:我正在尝试显示一些简单的计算机游戏结果,并让在我的代码中逐行遍历结果变得容易。我想要它,以便每场比赛的所有相关数据都在每条记录中,这样我就可以在一行上全部输出,例如:
A队(得分45)对B队(得分55),比赛时长:5 分钟 C队(得分60)对D队(得分65),比赛时长:4.3 分钟因此,对于一场比赛,有两支球队互相比赛,每支球队都会在比赛结束时得分。基本上,games_teams 表中每场比赛最终都会有两行。
这是我的架构:
这是我的表格数据:
这是我想要实现的输出,因此我可以轻松地遍历结果并将它们输出到页面上:
我设法通过一些可怕的 SQL 和许多子查询来实现这一点:
SELECT games.game_id, game_name, game_duration,
(SELECT team_id FROM games_teams WHERE games.game_id = games_teams.game_id LIMIT 0, 1) AS team_id_a,
(SELECT team_id FROM games_teams WHERE games.game_id = games_teams.game_id LIMIT 1, 1) AS team_id_b,
(SELECT teams.team_name FROM games_teams INNER JOIN teams ON games_teams.team_id = teams.team_id WHERE games.game_id = game_id LIMIT 0, 1) AS team_name_a,
(SELECT teams.team_name FROM games_teams INNER JOIN teams ON games_teams.team_id = teams.team_id WHERE games.game_id = game_id LIMIT 1, 1) AS team_name_b,
(SELECT team_score FROM games_teams WHERE games.game_id = games_teams.game_id LIMIT 0, 1) AS team_score_a,
(SELECT team_score FROM games_teams WHERE games.game_id = games_teams.game_id LIMIT 1, 1) AS team_score_b
FROM games
该方法的问题是它会很慢并且无法扩展。我还需要从 games_teams 表中提取其他游戏统计信息,这样子查询就会更多。
我尝试的另一种方法是:
我使用以下 SQL 实现了这一点:
SELECT games.game_id, game_name, game_duration, teams.team_id, team_name, team_score
FROM games
INNER JOIN games_teams ON games.game_id = games_teams.game_id
INNER JOIN teams ON games_teams.team_id = teams.team_id
现在这种方式将更难在代码中遍历,因为每个游戏的相关数据都在两个不同的记录中。我必须构建该行的第一部分,然后进入下一个循环迭代并打印下一部分。然后为下一场比赛重新开始,我试图在一行中显示所有信息,例如:
A队(45分)vs B队(55分),比赛时长:5分钟
所以这就是为什么我认为如果全部都在一个记录上会更容易。有没有办法很好地完成这一点,如果我需要在 games_teams 表中添加更多列,它也可以扩展?
Here's a pastebin link 如果需要重新创建数据库代码。
非常感谢任何帮助,谢谢!
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:您需要加入 games_teams 和团队两次,例如:
SELECT ga.game_id
, ga.game_name
, ga.game_duration
, t1.team_name, gt1.team_score
, t2.team_name, gt2.team_score
FROM games ga
JOIN games_teams gt1 ON gt1.game_id = ga.game_id
JOIN games_teams gt2 ON gt2.game_id = ga.game_id
JOIN teams t1 ON t1.team_id = gt1.team_id
JOIN teams t2 ON t2.team_id = gt2.team_id
WHERE gt1.team_id < gt2.team_id
;
挤出 games_teams * teams 子连接并引用它两次的干净方法是将其放入 CTE:(不幸的是 mysql 不支持 CTE)
WITH gtx AS (
SELECT gt.game_id
, gt.team_score
, te.team_id
, te.team_name
FROM games_teams gt
JOIN teams te ON te.team_id = gt.team_id
)
SELECT ga.game_id
, ga.game_name
, ga.game_duration
, g1.team_name, g1.team_score
, g2.team_name, g2.team_score
FROM games ga
JOIN gtx g1 ON g1.game_id = ga.game_id
JOIN gtx g2 ON g2.game_id = ga.game_id
WHERE g1.team_id < g2.team_id
;
结果:
game_id | game_name | game_duration | team_name | team_score | team_name | team_score
---------+-----------+---------------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------
1 | Game A | 300 | Team A | 45 | Team B | 55
2 | Game B | 258 | Team C | 60 | Team D | 65
(2 rows)
【讨论】:
顺便说一句:“对称破坏”条件(g1.team_id 你能举一个使用代理键game_team_id的例子吗? 不,我认为你应该自己做(因为这是显然家庭作业) 这不是家庭作业。我今年 28 岁。:\WHERE gt1.game_team_id < gt2.game_team_id
你是这个意思吗?
看起来不错。在实际订购 team1 和 team2 时可能会变得很重要,例如在家/外出踢足球,或下黑棋/下白棋。【参考方案2】:
这简化了,因为每场比赛总是正好有两支球队,因此您可以使用 UNION 来获取每场比赛的球队,如下所示:
SELECT q2.game_id, games.game_name, games.game_duration,
q2.team_id_a, q2.team_id_b,
teams_a.team_name AS team_name_a,
teams_b.team_name AS team_name_b,
games_teams_a.team_score AS team_score_a,
games_teams_b.team_score AS team_score_b
FROM (SELECT q.game_id,
MAX(q.team_id_a) AS team_id_a,
MAX(q.team_id_b) AS team_id_b
FROM (
SELECT games_teams.game_id,
MIN(games_teams.team_id) AS team_id_a,
0 AS team_id_b
FROM games_teams
GROUP BY games_teams.game_id
UNION
SELECT games_teams.game_id,
0 AS team_id_a,
MAX(games_teams.team_id) AS team_id_b
FROM games_teams
GROUP BY games_teams.game_id
) q
GROUP BY q.game_id) q2
INNER JOIN games ON q2.game_id = games.game_id
INNER JOIN teams teams_a ON q2.team_id_a = teams_a.team_id
INNER JOIN teams teams_b ON q2.team_id_b = teams_b.team_id
INNER JOIN games_teams games_teams_a ON
q2.game_id = games_teams_a.game_id AND q2.team_id_a = games_teams_a.team_id
INNER JOIN games_teams games_teams_b ON
q2.game_id = games_teams_b.game_id AND q2.team_id_b = games_teams_b.team_id;
【讨论】:
以上是关于如何连接多个表,包括查找表并按行返回数据的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
如何基于 ManyToManyField 内部连接表并按参数分组并在 Django 中获取最新的表?