无法在 Mac OS El Capitan 上 ssh localhost

Posted 2023-03-23

【中文标题】无法在 Mac OS El Capitan 上 ssh localhost

【英文标题】：Unable to ssh localhost on Mac OS El Capitan

【发布时间】：2016-09-19 12:29:24

【问题描述】：

我在尝试建立 ssh localhost 连接时遇到了一些麻烦。我想在没有密码的情况下执行此操作，因此当我创建公钥/私钥对时，当要求输入密码时，我输入了返回键，如图所示。 当我尝试命令时

    ssh localhost

我仍然被要求输入密码。所以我认为问题可能来自一些参数，避免没有密码的公钥，我创建了一个带有密码的新公钥/私钥对。但是，我仍然收到以下消息：

    Failing ssh to localhost : Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive).

有关信息，我使用命令创建了密钥对：

    ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

在做了一些研究之后，我了解到错误的权限会导致问题，所以这里是命令 ls -lha ~/.ssh/ 的结果：

    drwx------   7 matthieu  staff  238B 22 mai 17:50 .
    drwxr-xr-x+ 35 matthieu  staff  1,2K 22 mai 17:52 ..
    -rw-r--r--   1 matthieu  staff  612B 22 mai 17:50 authorized_keys
    -rw-------   1 matthieu  staff  672B 22 mai 17:49 id_dsa
    -rw-r--r--   1 matthieu  staff  612B 22 mai 17:49 id_dsa.pub
    -rw-r--r--   1 matthieu  staff  171B 22 mai 10:00 known_hosts

我还在详细模式下运行 ssh (ssh -vvv localhost)，它给出：

OpenSSH_6.9p1, LibreSSL 2.1.8
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to localhost [::1] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_dsa type 2
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.9 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to localhost:22 as 'matthieu'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/matthieu/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from localhost
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-ed25519,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail],arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail],arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-md5,hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-md5,hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0
debug1: kex: server->client [e-mail] <implicit> none
debug1: kex: client->server [e-mail] <implicit> none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:A9YQlWJMyCIXIan+dT/wB4qYxQaJP7Z+fovz+88JDEg
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/Users/matthieu/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /Users/matthieu/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from localhost
debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/matthieu/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug2: key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_dsa (0x7fd3f0d13f70),
debug2: key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_rsa (0x0),
debug2: key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ecdsa (0x0),
debug2: key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ed25519 (0x0),
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering DSA public key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_dsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: no such identity: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_rsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug3: no such identity: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug3: no such identity: /Users/matthieu/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive
debug3: remaining preferred: password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive
debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive
debug2: userauth_kbdint
debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply
debug2: input_userauth_info_req
debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1
Password:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug2: userauth_kbdint
debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply
debug2: input_userauth_info_req
debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1
Password:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug2: userauth_kbdint
debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply
debug2: input_userauth_info_req
debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1
Password:
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive).

有一个朋友和我有相同的笔记本电脑（最后一个 mbp Retina 13"），与他一起 ssh localhost 工作正常，我注意到他在执行 ssh -vvv localhost 时在开头有额外的行：

    OpenSSH_6.9p1, LibreSSL 2.1.8
    debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
    debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: Applying options for *
    debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 56: Applying options for *

为了记录，我已经检查了这些页面并尝试了建议的内容，但没有成功： SSH: "Bad passphrase" after generation of public key 和 ssh: Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive) 提前感谢您提供任何建议、想法或解决方案

【参考方案1】：

您可以尝试使用特定的密钥进行授权：

ssh localhost -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa

如果成功，则可以将其添加到 ~/.ssh/config 的 ssh 配置文件中。 如果不存在这样的文件，只需通过 touch 或 vi 创建即可。

配置应如下所示，请相应修改：

Host localhost
    HostName 127.0.0.1
    Port 22
    user matthieu
    IdentityFile  ~/.ssh/id_dsa

祝你好运！

【参考方案2】：

来自sshd(8) 的手册页：

~/.ssh/authorized_keys

文件内容不高度敏感，但推荐权限为用户读/写，其他人不可访问。

您会在服务器日志中找到关于不使用您的authorized_keys 的信息，因为它的权限太宽。您应该将权限更改为只能由您读写：chmod 600 ~/.ssh.authorized_keys

【讨论】：

我刚做了，同样的行为：它要求输入密码，并拒绝连接。

然后检查服务器端日志。密钥被拒绝。

【参考方案3】：

我在使用 dsa 密钥时遇到了同样的问题，因此尝试使用 rsa 密钥，它工作正常。要生成 rsa 密钥，只需将 -t 标志更改为 '-t rsa'。

【参考方案4】：

我遵循问题​​中以及上述回复中提到的相同流程，根本无法让它接受无密码登录。

以下步骤为我解决了这个问题，我怀疑真正的关键是在运行：$ eval `ssh-agent`

20:05:43 ✔ /etc  :: ssh localhost
Password:

20:05:51 ✘ /etc  :: eval `ssh-agent`
Agent pid 38262

20:07:44 ✔ /etc  :: ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Identity added: /Users/tallamjr/.ssh/id_rsa [e-mail]

20:07:58 ✔ /etc  :: ssh-add -l
2048 SHA256:-------------HASH------------- [e-mail] (RSA)

20:08:18 ✔ /etc  :: ssh-keygen -l -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
2048 SHA256:-----------SAME-HASH---------- [e-mail] (RSA)

20:08:29 ✔ /etc  :: ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tallamjr@localhost
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/Users/tallamjr/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'tallamjr@localhost'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

20:09:39 ✔ /etc  :: ssh tallamjr@localhost
Last login: Thu Jan 23 20:05:37 2020 from ::1

20:09:57 ✔ ~  :: exit
logout
Connection to localhost closed.

20:09:59 ✔ /etc  :: ssh localhost
Last login: Thu Jan 23 20:09:52 2020 from ::1

REF：灵感来自here的步骤