github ssh 密钥不被接受，获取 ssh 数据包类型 51 (

Posted 2023-03-23

【中文标题】github ssh 密钥不被接受，获取 ssh 数据包类型 51 (

【英文标题】：github ssh key not accepted, getting ssh packet type 51 (

【发布时间】：2021-10-05 15:29:51

【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在我的 github 帐户上设置一个 ssh 密钥，但它不断被 github 服务器拒绝。我的客户端是一个基于 Ubuntu 的系统。

在 Ubuntu 上，我创建了一个公钥和私钥，存储在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa 和 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 中。 ~/.ssh 的权限为 700，id_rsa 的权限为 600，id_rsa.pub 的权限为 644。

当我创建密钥（在 Ubuntu 上，使用 ssh-keygen）时，由 ssh-keygen 计算和显示的 sha256 指纹与我的 github 帐户（设置 > 帐户设置 > SSH）中显示的指纹完全匹配和 GPG 密钥）在我将它粘贴到 github 并单击 [保存] 后该密钥。因此，我确定我存储在 github 中的公钥已正确粘贴并存储在我的 github 帐户中。

尽管如此，当我尝试 ssh 到 github 时，我的权限被拒绝。所以我增加了客户端 ssh 应用程序的日志记录级别，并粘贴了下面的输出。

我发出的命令是……

ssh -vvv -T [e-mail]

查看调试输出，我看到了两条线索……

debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version babeld-0843ac0d
debug1: no match: babeld-0843ac0d

... 这似乎告诉我 github 上的 ssh 守护进程不是我的 Ubuntu ssh 客户端所知道的。我不确定这是多大的问题。我的猜测是这只是一个警告。 FWIW，它确实报告了 ssh 协议 2.0 - 这与我的 Ubuntu 客户端使用的协议版本相同。

一个更重要的日志条目是这个......

debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51

...数据包类型“51”定义为“SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE”（根据 rfc 4250）。

这当然很重要！但是，它只告诉我们 github 出于某种原因不喜欢我们的密钥。它没有解释为什么它不喜欢我们的钥匙。

我已经无法再进步了。我一直在打砖是在这一点上。我无法理解 为什么 github 拒绝此密钥。它的指纹与 ssh-keygen 显示的值完全匹配。

所以这就是我所在的位置。我在这里看到过类似的问题......但没有解决方案。我希望通过提供调试输出，有人可能会有所了解。

这是完整的调试输出...

% ssh -vvvT [e-mail]
OpenSSH_8.2p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.2, OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: include /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/*.conf matched no files
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "github.com" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct
debug1: Connecting to github.com [140.82.113.3] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_rsa type 0
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_xmss type -1
debug1: identity file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.2p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version babeld-0843ac0d
debug1: no match: babeld-0843ac0d
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to github.com:22 as 'zzzzz60'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/zzzzz60/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from github.com
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa,[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[e-mail],ssh-ed25519,[e-mail]
debug2: ciphers ctos: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: MACs ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
debug2: host key algorithms: rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: ciphers ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes128-cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr,aes256-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes128-cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,[e-mail],hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,[e-mail],hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none
debug2: compression stoc: none
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: rsa-sha2-512
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: ssh-rsa SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/zzzzz60/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type RSA in file /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/known_hosts:4
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from github.com
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/zzzzz60/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug1: Host 'github.com' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/known_hosts:4
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '140.82.113.3' to the list of known hosts.
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey out after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey in after 134217728 blocks
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_rsa RSA SHA256:zj5+CcvII4ZfOQhehs+eVrAI6bO19QBOYUKpnJteanM agent
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_dsa 
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa 
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk 
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519 
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk 
debug1: Will attempt key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_xmss 
debug2: pubkey_prepare: done
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 7
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info:server-sig-algs=<[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-ed25519,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss>
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey
debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_rsa RSA SHA256:zj5+CcvII4ZfOQhehs+eVrAI6bO19QBOYUKpnJteanM agent
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_dsa
debug3: no such identity: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug3: no such identity: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk
debug3: no such identity: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug3: no such identity: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk
debug3: no such identity: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_xmss
debug3: no such identity: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_xmss: No such file or directory
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
[e-mail]: Permission denied (publickey).

【问题讨论】：

尝试使用 rsa 加密创建密钥。 ssh-keygen -t rsa

已使用 rsa 创建了密钥，正如在日志消息 Offering public key: /home/zzzzz60/.ssh/id_rsa RSA SHA256:z... 中看到的 rsa 所确认的那样

【参考方案1】：

问题是用户名。对于 GitHub，所有 SSH 操作都通过 git 用户名进行，并且您仅通过您的密钥来识别。所以你需要ssh -vvv -T [e-mail]。

OpenSSH 并不特别了解 GitHub 上的 SSH 服务 babeld，但它应该可以正常工作。 OpenSSH 知道一些特定的 SSH 服务器，以便为损坏的行为应用变通方法（例如在某些较旧的 OpenSSH 版本中 [e-mail] 的不兼容实现），但 babeld 没有这些问题，因此这意味着它应该可以正常工作。

【讨论】：

令人着迷！我怎么不知道这个？显然，我阅读了一些（但不是全部）关于 ssh 密钥的 github 文档。在我自己的辩护中，这似乎是 github 应该非常明显的事情，而根据我的经验，这并不明显。对于从命令行（通过密钥交换）有过 ssh 经验的用户来说，这可能是一个简单的错误！这些人，包括我自己，会认为“ssh 命令行上的用户名当然应该是远程系统上的用户名”。其实，他们也不会这么想。他们只是知道这就是你用 ssh 做的事情！