使用 PowerMock 模拟私有方法,但仍会调用底层方法
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】使用 PowerMock 模拟私有方法,但仍会调用底层方法【英文标题】:Mocked private method with PowerMock, but underlying method still gets called 【发布时间】:2011-12-24 20:23:24 【问题描述】:我试图模拟一个进行 JNDI 调用的私有方法。当从单元测试中调用该方法时,它会引发异常^。我想模拟该方法以进行测试。我使用了sample code from another questions answer,虽然测试通过了,但似乎仍然调用了底层方法。我在doTheGamble()
方法中插入了一个System.err.println()
,它会打印到我的控制台。
很有趣,如果我注释掉第一个assertThat
,则测试通过。 ?:(
那么,我如何模拟一个私有方法以使其不被调用?
import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
import static org.powermock.api.support.membermodification.MemberMatcher.method;
import java.util.Random;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class PowerMock_Test
static boolean gambleCalled = false;
@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception
CodeWithPrivateMethod spy = PowerMockito.spy(new CodeWithPrivateMethod());
when(spy, method(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class))
.withArguments(anyString(), anyInt())
.thenReturn(true);
/* 1 */ assertThat( PowerMock_Test.gambleCalled, is(false) );
spy.meaningfulPublicApi();
/* 2 */ assertThat( PowerMock_Test.gambleCalled, is(false) );
class CodeWithPrivateMethod
public void meaningfulPublicApi()
if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3))
throw new RuntimeException("boom");
private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary)
Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
System.err.println( "\n>>> GAMBLE CALLED <<<\n" );
PowerMock_Test.gambleCalled = true;
return gamble;
^可以理解,因为我的工作区不支持JNDI,只有生产环境支持
% 我正在使用所有库的最新版本,JUnit 4.10、Mockito 1.8.5、Hamcrest 1.1、Javassist 3.15.0 和 PowerMock 1.4.10。
【问题讨论】:
就我而言,只是忘记了@PrepareForTest 【参考方案1】:来自PowerMock Private Method Example:
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
// We prepare PartialMockClass for test because it's final or we need to mock private or static methods
@PrepareForTest(PartialMockClass.class)
public class YourTestCase
@Test
public void privatePartialMockingWithPowerMock()
PartialMockClass classUnderTest = PowerMockito.spy(new PartialMockClass());
// use PowerMockito to set up your expectation
PowerMockito.doReturn(value).when(classUnderTest, "methodToMock", "parameter1");
// execute your test
classUnderTest.execute();
// Use PowerMockito.verify() to verify result
PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(classUnderTest, times(2)).invoke("methodToMock", "parameter1");
所以要将它应用到您的代码中,我认为它可能会变成:
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class PowerMock_Test
@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception
CodeWithPrivateMethod spy = PowerMockito.spy(new CodeWithPrivateMethod());
PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(spy, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());
/* 1 */ PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spy, times(0)).invoke("doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());
spy.meaningfulPublicApi();
/* 2 */ PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spy, times(2)).invoke("doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());
我只是在此处的编辑器中编写了代码。没有实际运行任何测试,并且在编写此代码时没有任何错误受到损害。
【讨论】:
@Mike 你知道为什么doReturn(true).when(spy, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());
有效但doReturn( true ).when( spy, method( CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class ) ).withArguments( anyString(), anyInt() ) ;
导致IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
吗?后者似乎更符合示例的风格,并且至少等效但不起作用。
我真的不能,对不起。我本人对 Mockito/PowerMock 还比较陌生……我以前从未尝试过以这种风格 (.withArguments(...)
) 编写代码。
我完全没有根据的猜测是您正在尝试将int
与Integer
匹配...
我已经用 .withArguments 和不同的对象尝试过这个,但它似乎不起作用... PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(spy, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt( ));像魅力一样工作!
@Christian - 请您指导***.com/questions/52064126/…。我们如何确保 100% 的代码覆盖率?【参考方案2】:
艺术乙,
只需粘贴在我的 Eclipse IDE 中运行良好的完整代码。我只是改变了我在上一篇文章中所说的期望。祝你好运。
import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.support.membermodification.MemberMatcher.method;
import java.util.Random;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class PowerMock_Test
static boolean gambleCalled = false;
@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception
CodeWithPrivateMethod spy = PowerMockito.spy(new CodeWithPrivateMethod());
// PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(spy, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());
PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(spy,
method(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class))
.withArguments(anyString(), anyInt());
assertThat( PowerMock_Test.gambleCalled, is(false) );
spy.meaningfulPublicApi();
assertThat( PowerMock_Test.gambleCalled, is(false) );
class CodeWithPrivateMethod
public void meaningfulPublicApi()
if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3))
throw new RuntimeException("boom");
private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary)
Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
System.err.println( "\n>>> GAMBLE CALLED <<<\n" );
PowerMock_Test.gambleCalled = true;
return gamble;
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:艺术乙,
您确定您的代码不起作用(或)我在这里遗漏了什么吗?我只是按照 Mike 建议的方式将您的方法期望替换为以下方法,并且效果很好:
PowerMockito.doReturn(true).when(spy,
method(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class))
.withArguments(anyString(), anyInt());
我从没用过 Powermockito,但以前用过很多次。
【讨论】:
是的,我确定,一旦我开始工作,我会粘贴一些输出。【参考方案4】:当您使用spy
构造一个模拟对象时,它是一个真正的半支持对象。我的猜测是摆脱spy
。处理 pure 模拟对象。
【讨论】:
我正在尝试测试我正在监视的类的实现,所以这不是一个选项。【参考方案5】:以上方法都不适合我,因为我的私有方法无效。
有这样的设置:
public class MainClass
public void publicFunction ()
this.privateFunction(Arg1.class arg1, Arg2.class arg2);
private void privateFunction(Arg1.class arg1, Arg2.class arg2)
// who cares, I don't want any of this to go off
唯一有效的是:
@Test
public void whocares() throws Exception
mainSpy = spy(mockedMainClassInstance);
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(mainSpy, "privateFunction", mockedArg1, mockedArg2);
mainSpy.publicFunction(mockedArg0, mockedArg1, mockedArg2);
verifyPrivate(mainSpy).invoke("privateFunction", mockedArg1, mockedArg2);
那是私有函数中的代码停止触发的时候
【讨论】:
以上是关于使用 PowerMock 模拟私有方法,但仍会调用底层方法的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
无所不能的PowerMock,mock私有方法,静态方法,测试私有方法,final类
PowerMock - 无所不能的PowerMock,mock私有方法,静态方法,测试私有方法,final类