在一个字符串的前面和另一个字符串的末尾以交替行添加一个字符串

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【中文标题】在一个字符串的前面和另一个字符串的末尾以交替行添加一个字符串【英文标题】：Add a string in front of a string and at the end of another string in alternating lines 【发布时间】：2021-09-06 08:07:00 【问题描述】：

这是我的文件格式：

"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"john","CREATED_BY":"david","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a63"
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"joe","CREATED_BY":"brian","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test2","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"
...
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"sarah","CREATED_BY":"hannah","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test8","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a61"

我需要添加"TAGS": 来包含这两个字段：BATCH_TAG 和TASK_TYPE_NAME，因此所需的输出如下所示：

"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"john","CREATED_BY":"david","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","TAGS":"BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a63"
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"joe","CREATED_BY":"brian","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","TAGS":"BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test2","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"
...
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"sarah","CREATED_BY":"hannah","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","TAGS":"BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test8","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a61"

我能找到的最接近的是这个：Add a prefix string to beginning of each line，但它在每一行的前面添加了一个字符串，这并不是我真正想要的。

请问有人能解释一下吗？

谢谢！

【问题讨论】：

【参考方案1】：

这里的棘手之处在于确保将新的 TAGS 密钥插入所需的位置。使用 jq，这可以通过 with_entries 来完成：

if has("BATCH_TAG")
then .BATCH_TAG = BATCH_TAG, TASK_TYPE_NAME
| with_entries(.key |= if . == "BATCH_TAG" 
                       then "TAGS"
                       else . end)
| del(.TASK_TYPE_NAME)
else .
end

【讨论】：

感谢您的回复，但如何使用jq 运行它？我尝试运行jq if has("BATCH_TAG") then .BATCH_TAG = BATCH_TAG, TASK_TYPE_NAME | with_entries(.key |= if . == "BATCH_TAG" then "TAGS" else . end) | del(.TASK_TYPE_NAME) else . end input.txt > output.txt，但没有成功。 也许你会发现将 jq 程序放在一个文件中最简单的方法，比如 program.jq，然后运行类似：jq -cf program.jq input.json。 非常感谢，这成功了！【参考方案2】：

由于您的问题是Could anyone shed any light onto this please?，这里有一些亮点：

您正在使用的文件格式似乎是JSON，因此请使用能够理解JSON 的工具对其进行编辑，例如jq.

例如，在您的示例输入上运行时（在将其弄乱并使其无法测试的 ... 行被删除后）这里是 jq 漂亮打印它：

$ cat file
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"john","CREATED_BY":"david","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a63"
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"joe","CREATED_BY":"brian","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test2","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"sarah","CREATED_BY":"hannah","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test8","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a61"


$ jq . < file

  "index": 


  "LAST_MODIFIED_BY": "john",
  "CREATED_BY": "david",
  "LAST_MODIFIED_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "CREATION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "INGESTION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "DECISION": "AGREE",
  "BATCH_TAG": "",
  "TASK_TYPE_NAME": "Test",
  "PUBLISHER_ID": "abc123",
  "ID": "700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a63"


  "index": 


  "LAST_MODIFIED_BY": "joe",
  "CREATED_BY": "brian",
  "LAST_MODIFIED_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "CREATION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "INGESTION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "DECISION": "AGREE",
  "BATCH_TAG": "",
  "TASK_TYPE_NAME": "Test2",
  "PUBLISHER_ID": "abc123",
  "ID": "700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"


  "index": 


  "LAST_MODIFIED_BY": "sarah",
  "CREATED_BY": "hannah",
  "LAST_MODIFIED_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "CREATION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "INGESTION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "DECISION": "AGREE",
  "BATCH_TAG": "",
  "TASK_TYPE_NAME": "Test8",
  "PUBLISHER_ID": "abc123",
  "ID": "700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a61"

还有你想要的输出：

$ cat file2
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"john","CREATED_BY":"david","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","TAGS":"BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a63"
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"joe","CREATED_BY":"brian","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","TAGS":"BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test2","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"
"index":
"LAST_MODIFIED_BY":"joe","CREATED_BY":"brian","LAST_MODIFIED_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","CREATION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","INGESTION_DATE":"2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z","DECISION":"AGREE","TAGS":"BATCH_TAG":"","TASK_TYPE_NAME":"Test2","PUBLISHER_ID":"abc123","ID":"700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"


$ jq . < file2

  "index": 


  "LAST_MODIFIED_BY": "john",
  "CREATED_BY": "david",
  "LAST_MODIFIED_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "CREATION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "INGESTION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "DECISION": "AGREE",
  "TAGS": 
    "BATCH_TAG": "",
    "TASK_TYPE_NAME": "Test"
  ,
  "PUBLISHER_ID": "abc123",
  "ID": "700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a63"


  "index": 


  "LAST_MODIFIED_BY": "joe",
  "CREATED_BY": "brian",
  "LAST_MODIFIED_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "CREATION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "INGESTION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "DECISION": "AGREE",
  "TAGS": 
    "BATCH_TAG": "",
    "TASK_TYPE_NAME": "Test2"
  ,
  "PUBLISHER_ID": "abc123",
  "ID": "700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"


  "index": 


  "LAST_MODIFIED_BY": "joe",
  "CREATED_BY": "brian",
  "LAST_MODIFIED_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "CREATION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "INGESTION_DATE": "2018-01-11T06:39:11.000Z",
  "DECISION": "AGREE",
  "TAGS": 
    "BATCH_TAG": "",
    "TASK_TYPE_NAME": "Test2"
  ,
  "PUBLISHER_ID": "abc123",
  "ID": "700adca2-c4d4-4245-8174-0479f7123a62"

阅读 jq 手册页和/或 google 以获取有关如何将其应用于您的问题的更多信息。

【讨论】：

感谢 Ed，我浏览了 jq 的手册页并找到了 with_entries 示例，这些示例帮助我更好地理解了这个强大的 jq 实用程序。谢谢！

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