如何将 msg 中的附件附加到 Mime 以在 Python 中作为电子邮件发送？

Posted 2023-03-15

【中文标题】如何将 msg 中的附件附加到 Mime 以在 Python 中作为电子邮件发送？

【英文标题】：How do I attach an attachment from msg to a Mime to send as email in Python?

【发布时间】：2021-10-13 06:48:15

【问题描述】：

我想打开一个.msg 文件，获取附件，然后将它们发送到特定的邮件地址。 我使用的是extract_msg，我似乎无法仅将.msg 中的附件附加到我的邮件中。

到目前为止我所拥有的：

mail = f"path/attachment"
msg = extract_msg.Message(mail)
msg_sender = str(msg.sender)
msg_subj = str(msg.subject)
msg_message = str(msg.body)

email_sender = '[e-mail]'
password = 'XXX'
send_to_email = send_to
print("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------")
print(f"Send to: send_to\nAttachement: attachment\n")

msgMime = MIMEMultipart()
msgMime['From'] = msg_sender
msgMime['To'] = send_to_email
msgMime['Subject'] = msg_subj
body = MIMEText(msg_message)
msgMime.attach(body)

resources_dir = "resources"
attachments_dir = os.path.join(resources_dir, "attachments")
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')

if msg.attachments:
    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir_name:
        for att in msg.attachments:
            att_save_path = os.path.join(tmp_dir_name, att.longFilename)
            att.save(customPath=tmp_dir_name)

            attachment_stream = open(att_save_path, 'rb')
            part.set_payload(attachment_stream.read())
            encoders.encode_base64(part)
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', "attachment; filename= %s" % att_save_path)
            msgMime.attach(part)

else: print("No attachments")

server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
server.starttls()
try:
    server.login(email_sender, password)
except:
    print(f"Login failed for user: email_sender\nWith password: password")

text = msgMime.as_string()
server.sendmail(email_sender, send_to_email, text)
server.quit()

我得到错误：

     File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\shutil.py", line 596, in _rmtree_unsafe
    with os.scandir(path) as scandir_it:
NotADirectoryError: [WinError 267] The directory name is invalid: 'C:\\Users\\XXX.XXX\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpguckqnkr\\image001.jpg'

我写信给 temp 的唯一原因是，将原始 .msg 的附件附加到 Mime 似乎是不可能的。

欢迎任何帮助，包括错误或处理附件的更好方法。

编辑： 堆栈跟踪：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\shutil.py", line 616, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\KENNET~1.VAN\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpguckqnkr\\image001.jpg'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\tempfile.py", line 801, in onerror
    _os.unlink(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\KENNET~1.VAN\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpguckqnkr\\image001.jpg'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\tempfile.py", line 804, in onerror
    cls._rmtree(path)
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\tempfile.py", line 812, in _rmtree
    _shutil.rmtree(name, onerror=onerror)
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\shutil.py", line 740, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\shutil.py", line 599, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.scandir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Users\Kenneth.VanGysegem\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\shutil.py", line 596, in _rmtree_unsafe
    with os.scandir(path) as scandir_it:
NotADirectoryError: [WinError 267] The directory name is invalid: 'C:\\Users\\KENNET~1.VAN\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpguckqnkr\\image001.jpg'

【问题讨论】：

似乎 att.save(customPath=tmp_dir_name) 尝试保存到文件夹名称，而不是文件名。

顺便说一句。看起来您的 email 代码是为较旧的 Python 版本编写的。标准库中的email 模块在 Python 3.6 中进行了彻底改造，使其更加合乎逻辑、通用性和简洁性；新代码应该针对（不再是非常）新的EmailMessage API。可能扔掉这段代码，从the Python email examples documentation.的现代代码重新开始

msg 是指 Outlook 吗？您的那部分代码不清楚；请提供minimal reproducible example。

这是课程的一部分吗？这就像两天内的第四个类似问题。

请提供完整的追溯。您自己的代码中没有os.scandir，我们无法猜测是哪一行触发了这个错误。

【参考方案1】：

好吧，伙计们，这就是我的工作方式：

def send_mails_from_msg(attachment, send_to, path):
  mail = f"path/attachment"
  msg = extract_msg.Message(mail)

  msg_sender = str(msg.sender)
  msg_subj = str(msg.subject)
  msg_message = str(msg.body)
  email_sender = '[e-mail]'
  password = 'XXXXXX'

  print("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------")
  print(f"Send to: send_to\nAttachement: attachment\n")

  msgMime = MIMEMultipart()
  msgMime['From'] = msg_sender
  msgMime['To'] = send_to
  msgMime['Subject'] = msg_subj
  body = MIMEText(msg_message)
  msgMime.attach(body)

  resources_dir = "resources"
  attachments_dir = os.path.join(resources_dir, "attachments")
  part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')

  if msg.attachments:
      for x in msg.attachments:
          x.save(customPath=attachments_dir)
      for files in os.listdir(attachments_dir):
          print(f"Files: files")
          attachment = open(f"attachments_dir/files", 'rb')
          part.set_payload(attachment.read())
          encoders.encode_base64(part)
          part.add_header('Content-Disposition', "attachment; 

文件名= %s" % 附件） msgMime.attach(部分)

  else: print("No attachments")

  server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
  server.starttls()
  try:
      server.login(email_sender, password)
  except:
      print(f"Login failed for user: email_sender\nWith password: password")

  text = msgMime.as_string()
  server.sendmail(email_sender, send_to, text)
  server.quit()

现在这会发送带有邮件的 jpg，任务完成！ 但.... 附件是这样的：__io.BufferedReader name='resources_attachments_image001.jpg'_，注册为附件但不能openend... 我现在正在尝试解决这个问题

【讨论】：

附件本身很好，但是您传递"attachment; filename= %s" % attachment 可能是指'attachment; filename="%s"' % files 和files 作为文件名（可能重命名为单数）和MIME 关键字的正确格式（等号后没有空格；文件名两边加双引号）。

【参考方案2】：

目前尚不清楚Message() 部分来自何处或它究竟做了什么。我将假设它按您希望的那样工作，并推测您可能是 Outlook 受害者，他有幸找到了一个可以可接受地操纵其专有消息的库。

您的代码有两个有问题的流程：即使没有提取附件，它也会发送电子邮件，即使连接到 SMTP 服务器失败，它也会尝试发送。您想将这些重构为类似

else:
    print("No attachments")
    sys.exit(0)

在没有提取任何内容时退出，并且

try:
    server.login(email_sender, password)
except:
    print(f"Login failed for user: email_sender\nWith password: password")
    sys.exit(1)

当您无法继续时退出并出现错误（或者只是取出 try / except 并让脚本崩溃并回溯；如果它仅供您个人使用，这可能是可以接受的，并且看到调试信息就更容易调试了）。

（不是一个正确的答案，但我觉得我也需要指出这些问题。）

【讨论】：

谢谢，完全正确！ Message() 来自 extract_msg 库。在我的用例中，在没有附件的情况下发送电子邮件不是问题，我只需要确保它何时也有发送的附件。但是您的第二句话非常中肯，感谢您指出。