Java 9 HttpClient 发送多部分/表单数据请求
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】Java 9 HttpClient 发送多部分/表单数据请求【英文标题】:Java 9 HttpClient send a multipart/form-data request 【发布时间】:2018-03-05 15:40:24 【问题描述】:下面是一个表格:
<form action="/example/html5/demo_form.asp" method="post"
enctype=”multipart/form-data”>
<input type="file" name="img" />
<input type="text" name=username" value="foo"/>
<input type="submit" />
</form>
何时提交此表单,请求将如下所示:
POST /example/html5/demo_form.asp HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.143.47.59:9093
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 326
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Origin: http://10.143.47.59:9093
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryEDKBhMZFowP9Leno
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-CN;q=0.6,zh;q=0.4
Request Payload
------WebKitFormBoundaryEDKBhMZFowP9Leno
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username"
foo
------WebKitFormBoundaryEDKBhMZFowP9Leno
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="out.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
------WebKitFormBoundaryEDKBhMZFowP9Leno--
请注意“Request Payload”,可以看到表单中的两个参数,用户名和img(form-data; name="img"; filename="out.txt"),以及Finename 是文件系统中的真实文件名(或路径),您将在后端(例如 spring 控制器)中按名称(而不是文件名)接收文件。 如果我们使用 Apache Httpclient 来模拟请求,我们会写这样的代码:
MultipartEntity mutiEntity = newMultipartEntity();
File file = new File("/path/to/your/file");
mutiEntity.addPart("username",new StringBody("foo", Charset.forName("utf-8")));
mutiEntity.addPart("img", newFileBody(file)); //img is name, file is path
但是在java 9中,我们可以写这样的代码:
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.
newBuilder(new URI("http:///example/html5/demo_form.asp"))
.method("post",HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromString("foo"))
.method("post", HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromFile(Paths.get("/path/to/your/file")))
.build();
HttpResponse response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asString());
System.out.println(response.body());
现在你明白了,我该如何设置参数的“名称”?
【问题讨论】:
您能否分享一个在单击按钮时进行的示例 API 调用。您可以使用浏览器检查部分中的网络设置进行监控。 您好,我知道如何监控网络请求,也知道如何使用 HttpClient Httpclient 发送此类请求。让我感到困惑的是如何使用 Java 9 中的 Httpclient 来做到这一点。 我的意思是我知道如何使用“Apache”Httpclient发送这样的请求。 已更新答案。此处使用的 util 仅用于将文件输入转换为字节数组,也可以是自定义实现。 非常感谢您的帮助。 【参考方案1】:您可以进行 multiform-data 调用的方向如下:
BodyProcessor
可以与它们的默认实现一起使用,或者也可以使用自定义实现。使用它们的几种方法是:
通过字符串读取处理器:
HttpRequest.BodyProcessor dataProcessor = HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromString("\"username\":\"foo\"")
使用路径从文件创建处理器
Path path = Paths.get("/path/to/your/file"); // in your case path to 'img'
HttpRequest.BodyProcessor fileProcessor = HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromFile(path);
或
您可以使用apache.commons.lang
(或您可以想出的自定义方法)将文件输入转换为字节数组,以添加一个小工具,例如:
org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem file;
org.apache.http.HttpEntity multipartEntity = org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
.addPart("username",new StringBody("foo", Charset.forName("utf-8")))
.addPart("img", newFileBody(file))
.build();
multipartEntity.writeTo(byteArrayOutputStream);
byte[] bytes = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
然后 byte[] 可以与BodyProcessor
一起使用:
HttpRequest.BodyProcessor byteProcessor = HttpRequest.BodyProcessor.fromByteArray();
此外,您可以将 request 创建为:
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(new URI("http:///example/html5/demo_form.asp"))
.headers("Content-Type","multipart/form-data","boundary","boundaryValue") // appropriate boundary values
.POST(dataProcessor)
.POST(fileProcessor)
.POST(byteProcessor) //self-sufficient
.build();
可以将相同的响应作为文件处理,并使用新的HttpClient
使用
HttpResponse.BodyHandler bodyHandler = HttpResponse.BodyHandler.asFile(Paths.get("/path"));
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();
作为:
HttpResponse response = client.send(request, bodyHandler);
System.out.println(response.body());
【讨论】:
我非常感谢您的回答。但是你能告诉文件的名称吗?就像 "Content-Disposition: form-data; name="myfile"; filename="/path/to/your/file" " 是的,它的形式是'img',但是你在java代码中的哪里设置呢? "Content-Disposition: form-data; name="myfile"; filename="/path/to/your/file" ---我指的是名称,而不是文件名 不幸的是,多次调用POST
不起作用。您只能设置单个处理器。 (至少在最新版本的客户端中)
@Kapep 可能是,我自己也没有尝试过。这些只是一个可以利用的方向。 byteProcessor
不过,我认为应该是自给自足的。【参考方案2】:
可以使用multipart/form-data
或任何其他内容类型 - 但您必须自己以正确的格式对正文进行编码。客户端本身不会根据内容类型进行任何编码。
这意味着您最好的选择是使用另一个 HTTP 客户端,例如 Apache HttpComponents 客户端,或者只使用另一个库的编码器,例如 @nullpointer 的答案。
如果您自己对正文进行编码,请注意您不能多次调用 POST
之类的方法。 POST
只需设置 BodyProcessor
并再次调用它将覆盖任何先前设置的处理器。您必须实现一个能够以正确格式生成整个主体的处理器。
对于multipart/form-data
,这意味着:
-
将
boundary
标头设置为适当的值
对每个参数进行编码,使其看起来像您的示例。文本输入基本上是这样的:
boundary + "\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"\n\n" + value + "\n"
这里,名称是指 HTML 表单中的 name
属性。对于问题中的文件输入,这将是img
,值将是编码的文件内容。
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:即使在看到并阅读了此页面之后,我也曾为这个问题苦苦挣扎过一段时间。但是,使用此页面上的答案为我指明了正确的方向,阅读了有关多部分表单和边界的更多信息,并进行了修补,我能够创建一个可行的解决方案。
解决方案的要点是使用 Apache 的 MultipartEntityBuilder 来创建实体及其边界(HttpExceptionBuilder
是一个本土类):
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.BufferedHttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
/**
* Class containing static helper methods pertaining to HTTP interactions.
*/
public class HttpUtils
public static final String MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_BOUNDARY = "ThisIsMyBoundaryThereAreManyLikeItButThisOneIsMine";
/**
* Creates an @link HttpEntity from a @link File, loading it into a @link BufferedHttpEntity.
*
* @param file the @link File from which to create an @link HttpEntity
* @param partName an @link Optional denoting the name of the form data; defaults to @code data
* @return an @link HttpEntity containing the contents of the provided @code file
* @throws NullPointerException if @code file or @code partName is null
* @throws IllegalStateException if @code file does not exist
* @throws HttpException if file cannot be found or @link FileInputStream cannot be created
*/
public static HttpEntity getFileAsBufferedMultipartEntity(final File file, final Optional<String> partName)
Validate.notNull(file, "file cannot be null");
Validate.validState(file.exists(), "file must exist");
Validate.notNull(partName, "partName cannot be null");
final HttpEntity entity;
final BufferedHttpEntity bufferedHttpEntity;
try (final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
final BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis))
entity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().setBoundary(MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_BOUNDARY)
.addBinaryBody(partName.orElse("data"), bis, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, file.getName())
.setContentType(ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA).build();
try
bufferedHttpEntity = new BufferedHttpEntity(entity);
catch (final IOException e)
throw HttpExceptionBuilder.create().withMessage("Unable to create BufferedHttpEntity").withThrowable(e)
.build();
catch (final FileNotFoundException e)
throw HttpExceptionBuilder.create()
.withMessage("File does not exist or is not readable: %s", file.getAbsolutePath()).withThrowable(e)
.build();
catch (final IOException e)
throw HttpExceptionBuilder.create()
.withMessage("Unable to create multipart entity from file: %s", file.getAbsolutePath())
.withThrowable(e).build();
return bufferedHttpEntity;
/**
* Returns a @link Supplier of @link InputStream containing the content of the provided @link HttpEntity. This
* method closes the @code InputStream.
*
* @param entity the @link HttpEntity from which to get an @link InputStream
* @return an @link InputStream containing the @link HttpEntity#getContent() content
* @throws NullPointerException if @code entity is null
* @throws HttpException if something goes wrong
*/
public static Supplier<? extends InputStream> getInputStreamFromHttpEntity(final HttpEntity entity)
Validate.notNull(entity, "entity cannot be null");
return () ->
try (final InputStream is = entity.getContent())
return is;
catch (final UnsupportedOperationException | IOException e)
throw HttpExceptionBuilder.create().withMessage("Unable to get InputStream from HttpEntity")
.withThrowable(e).build();
;
然后是使用这些辅助方法的方法:
private String doUpload(final File uploadFile, final String filePostUrl)
assert uploadFile != null : "uploadFile cannot be null";
assert uploadFile.exists() : "uploadFile must exist";
assert StringUtils.notBlank(filePostUrl, "filePostUrl cannot be blank");
final URI uri = URI.create(filePostUrl);
final HttpEntity entity = HttpUtils.getFileAsBufferedMultipartEntity(uploadFile, Optional.of("partName"));
final String response;
try
final Builder requestBuilder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri)
.POST(BodyPublisher.fromInputStream(HttpUtils.getInputStreamFromHttpEntity(entity)))
.header("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + HttpUtils.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_BOUNDARY);
response = this.httpClient.send(requestBuilder.build(), BodyHandler.asString());
catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e)
throw HttpExceptionBuilder.create().withMessage("Unable to get InputStream from HttpEntity")
.withThrowable(e).build();
LOGGER.info("Http Response: ", response);
return response;
【讨论】:
ThisIsMyBoundaryThereAreManyLikeItButThisOneIsMine
成就了我的一天【参考方案4】:
我想为一个项目执行此操作,而不必引入 Apache 客户端,所以我写了一个 MultiPartBodyPublisher
(Java 11,仅供参考):
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class MultiPartBodyPublisher
private List<PartsSpecification> partsSpecificationList = new ArrayList<>();
private String boundary = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
public HttpRequest.BodyPublisher build()
if (partsSpecificationList.size() == 0)
throw new IllegalStateException("Must have at least one part to build multipart message.");
addFinalBoundaryPart();
return HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofByteArrays(PartsIterator::new);
public String getBoundary()
return boundary;
public MultiPartBodyPublisher addPart(String name, String value)
PartsSpecification newPart = new PartsSpecification();
newPart.type = PartsSpecification.TYPE.STRING;
newPart.name = name;
newPart.value = value;
partsSpecificationList.add(newPart);
return this;
public MultiPartBodyPublisher addPart(String name, Path value)
PartsSpecification newPart = new PartsSpecification();
newPart.type = PartsSpecification.TYPE.FILE;
newPart.name = name;
newPart.path = value;
partsSpecificationList.add(newPart);
return this;
public MultiPartBodyPublisher addPart(String name, Supplier<InputStream> value, String filename, String contentType)
PartsSpecification newPart = new PartsSpecification();
newPart.type = PartsSpecification.TYPE.STREAM;
newPart.name = name;
newPart.stream = value;
newPart.filename = filename;
newPart.contentType = contentType;
partsSpecificationList.add(newPart);
return this;
private void addFinalBoundaryPart()
PartsSpecification newPart = new PartsSpecification();
newPart.type = PartsSpecification.TYPE.FINAL_BOUNDARY;
newPart.value = "--" + boundary + "--";
partsSpecificationList.add(newPart);
static class PartsSpecification
public enum TYPE
STRING, FILE, STREAM, FINAL_BOUNDARY
PartsSpecification.TYPE type;
String name;
String value;
Path path;
Supplier<InputStream> stream;
String filename;
String contentType;
class PartsIterator implements Iterator<byte[]>
private Iterator<PartsSpecification> iter;
private InputStream currentFileInput;
private boolean done;
private byte[] next;
PartsIterator()
iter = partsSpecificationList.iterator();
@Override
public boolean hasNext()
if (done) return false;
if (next != null) return true;
try
next = computeNext();
catch (IOException e)
throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
if (next == null)
done = true;
return false;
return true;
@Override
public byte[] next()
if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
byte[] res = next;
next = null;
return res;
private byte[] computeNext() throws IOException
if (currentFileInput == null)
if (!iter.hasNext()) return null;
PartsSpecification nextPart = iter.next();
if (PartsSpecification.TYPE.STRING.equals(nextPart.type))
String part =
"--" + boundary + "\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=" + nextPart.name + "\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" +
nextPart.value + "\r\n";
return part.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
if (PartsSpecification.TYPE.FINAL_BOUNDARY.equals(nextPart.type))
return nextPart.value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
String filename;
String contentType;
if (PartsSpecification.TYPE.FILE.equals(nextPart.type))
Path path = nextPart.path;
filename = path.getFileName().toString();
contentType = Files.probeContentType(path);
if (contentType == null) contentType = "application/octet-stream";
currentFileInput = Files.newInputStream(path);
else
filename = nextPart.filename;
contentType = nextPart.contentType;
if (contentType == null) contentType = "application/octet-stream";
currentFileInput = nextPart.stream.get();
String partHeader =
"--" + boundary + "\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=" + nextPart.name + "; filename=" + filename + "\r\n" +
"Content-Type: " + contentType + "\r\n\r\n";
return partHeader.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
else
byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
int r = currentFileInput.read(buf);
if (r > 0)
byte[] actualBytes = new byte[r];
System.arraycopy(buf, 0, actualBytes, 0, r);
return actualBytes;
else
currentFileInput.close();
currentFileInput = null;
return "\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
你可以大致这样使用它:
MultiPartBodyPublisher publisher = new MultiPartBodyPublisher()
.addPart("someString", "foo")
.addPart("someInputStream", () -> this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("test.txt"), "test.txt", "text/plain")
.addPart("someFile", pathObject);
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create("https://www.example.com/dosomething"))
.header("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + publisher.getBoundary())
.timeout(Duration.ofMinutes(1))
.POST(publisher.build())
.build();
请注意,输入流的addPart
实际上采用Supplier<InputStream>
而不仅仅是InputStream
。
【讨论】:
考虑把这个放到github上。 @ittupelo 你值得喝啤酒!这绝对是美丽的 @ittupelo 现在我已经更仔细地查看并使用了它 - 它可以大大简化,我希望有时间将它发布在 github 上。在我看来,当要上传 2 个文件时,您似乎也有问题,因为我已经更改了很多代码,无法确定。 我确实使用它在一个请求中上传多个文件,所以应该可以。很想看到你的变化……我最近没想太多。 这确实很棒!我必须修改最后一位以使文件字节流工作。byte[] bytes = currentFileInput.readAllBytes(); currentFileInput.close(); currentFileInput = null; byte[] actual = new byte[bytes.length + 2]; byte[] newline = "\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, actual, 0, bytes.length); System.arraycopy(newline, 0, actual, bytes.length, newline.length); return actual;
很抱歉格式不好。【参考方案5】:
您可以使用Methanol。它包含一个MultipartBodyPublisher
和一个方便易用的MultipartBodyPublisher.Builder
。下面是一个使用它的例子(需要JDK11或更高版本):
var multipartBody = MultipartBodyPublisher.newBuilder()
.textPart("foo", "foo_text")
.filePart("bar", Path.of("path/to/file.txt"))
.formPart("baz", BodyPublishers.ofInputStream(() -> ...))
.build();
var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create("https://example.com/"))
.POST(multipartBody)
.build();
请注意,您可以添加任何您想要的BodyPublisher
或HttpHeaders
。查看docs 了解更多信息。
【讨论】:
【参考方案6】:虽然正确的答案是成熟的实现并且可能是正确的,但它对我不起作用。
我的解决方案灵感来自here。我刚刚清理了我的用例不需要的部分。我个人,使用多部分形式仅上传图片或 zip 文件(单数)。代码:
public static HttpRequest buildMultiformRequest(byte[] body)
String boundary = "-------------" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
Map<String, byte[]> data = Map.of("formFile", body);
return HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(<URL>))
.POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofByteArrays(buildMultipartData(data, boundary, "filename.jpeg", MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG_VALUE)))
.header("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary)
.header("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
.timeout(Duration.of(5, ChronoUnit.SECONDS))
.build();
public static ArrayList<byte[]> buildMultipartData(Map<String, byte[]> data, String boundary, String filename, String mediaType)
var byteArrays = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
var separator = ("--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
for (var entry : data.entrySet())
byteArrays.add(separator);
byteArrays.add(("\"" + entry.getKey() + "\"; filename=\"" + filename + "\"\r\nContent-Type:" + mediaType + "\r\n\r\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byteArrays.add(entry.getValue());
byteArrays.add("\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byteArrays.add(("--" + boundary + "--").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return byteArrays;
【讨论】:
【参考方案7】:以下内容对我有用,即在内存中创建一个原始 HTTP 正文作为字符串,然后使用标准 BodyPublisher.ofString
:
以下链接显示了正文的外观:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST
String data = "--boundary\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"type\"\r\n\r\nserverless";
byte[] fileContents = Files.readAllBytes(f.toPath());
data += "\r\n--boundary\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"filename\"; filename=\""
+ f.getName() + "\"\r\n\r\n" + new String(fileContents, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1); // iso-8859-1 is http default
data += "\r\n--boundary--"; // end boundary
HttpRequest.BodyPublisher bodyPublisher = HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(data, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(uri)
.setHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data;boundary=\"boundary\"")
.POST(bodyPublisher).build();
HttpResponse<String> response = getClient().send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
注意\r\n
而不是只说\n
- 我使用 Apache Commons File Upload 测试了这两者,可能是因为这是 RFC 所期望的。
还要注意使用 ISO-8859-1 而不是 UTF-8。我使用它是因为它是标准的 - 我没有使用 UTF-8 对其进行测试 - 如果服务器也是这样配置的,它可能会起作用。
getClient
大致是这样做的:
HttpClient.newBuilder()
.version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1)
.connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
.build()
【讨论】:
以上是关于Java 9 HttpClient 发送多部分/表单数据请求的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章