在 C 中使用 libyaml 将 YAML 解析为值
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【中文标题】在 C 中使用 libyaml 将 YAML 解析为值【英文标题】:parsing YAML to values with libyaml in C 【发布时间】:2013-12-17 07:15:28 【问题描述】:我正在尝试在 linux 服务器上使用 C 解析 YAML 文件(这是对现有应用程序的修改,因此不能更改语言)。
我已经阅读了http://wpsoftware.net/andrew/pages/libyaml.html 和 libyaml wiki 上的教程。
我想做的是将这个应用程序的数据库配置从头文件中移到 YAML 中,以便我可以作为单独的步骤进行编译和配置,从而允许我使用 Chef 来管理配置。
这里是yaml:
---
db_server: "localhost"
db_password: "wibble"
db_username: "test"
national_rail_username: test
national_rail_password: wibble
我想要做的是遍历文件并根据键名设置变量。
伪代码如下:
config = YAML::load("file.yaml")
DBUSER = config['db_username']
DBPASS = config['db_password']
DBSERVER = config['db_server']
NATIONAL_RAIL_USERNAME = config['national_rail_username']
NATIONAL_RAIL_PASSWORD = config['national_rail_password']
(如果上面看起来有点像ruby/python,那是因为我习惯使用那些语言!)
我设法让一个使用 YAML-cpp 的测试设置工作,然后我意识到我在三个小时内一直在找错误的树,因为主要应用程序是用 C 而不是 C++ 编写的。
编辑:这是我到目前为止的代码。它是上面教程网站的剪切和粘贴,但我不认为这是正确的方法,而且它似乎没有为我提供一种将 YAML“键”分配给 C 代码中的变量的方法。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <yaml.h>
int main(void)
FILE *fh = fopen("config.yaml", "r");
yaml_parser_t parser;
yaml_token_t token; /* new variable */
/* Initialize parser */
if(!yaml_parser_initialize(&parser))
fputs("Failed to initialize parser!\n", stderr);
if(fh == NULL)
fputs("Failed to open file!\n", stderr);
/* Set input file */
yaml_parser_set_input_file(&parser, fh);
/* BEGIN new code */
do
yaml_parser_scan(&parser, &token);
switch(token.type)
/* Stream start/end */
case YAML_STREAM_START_TOKEN: puts("STREAM START"); break;
case YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN: puts("STREAM END"); break;
/* Token types (read before actual token) */
case YAML_KEY_TOKEN: printf("(Key token) "); break;
case YAML_VALUE_TOKEN: printf("(Value token) "); break;
/* Block delimeters */
case YAML_BLOCK_SEQUENCE_START_TOKEN: puts("<b>Start Block (Sequence)</b>"); break;
case YAML_BLOCK_ENTRY_TOKEN: puts("<b>Start Block (Entry)</b>"); break;
case YAML_BLOCK_END_TOKEN: puts("<b>End block</b>"); break;
/* Data */
case YAML_BLOCK_MAPPING_START_TOKEN: puts("[Block mapping]"); break;
case YAML_SCALAR_TOKEN: printf("scalar %s \n", token.data.scalar.value); break;
/* Others */
default:
printf("Got token of type %d\n", token.type);
if(token.type != YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN)
yaml_token_delete(&token);
while(token.type != YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN);
yaml_token_delete(&token);
/* END new code */
/* Cleanup */
yaml_parser_delete(&parser);
fclose(fh);
return 0;
【问题讨论】:
向我们展示你到目前为止编写的相关代码,并解释它的实际问题是什么。 嗨,我现在已经完成了... 【参考方案1】:我从该教程中获取了大量示例代码并对其进行了破解。警告购买者,距离我上次写 C 已经有一段时间了!
我用的是token API,事件API其实看起来更简单。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <yaml.h>
typedef struct Conf
char* db_server;
char* db_pass;
char* db_user;
char* rail_user;
char* rail_pass;
Conf* readConf(char* filename)
FILE* fh = fopen(filename, "r");
yaml_parser_t parser;
yaml_token_t token;
Conf* conf = malloc(sizeof(Conf));
if (!yaml_parser_initialize(&parser))
fputs("Failed to initialize parser!\n", stderr);
if (fh == NULL)
fputs("Failed to open file!\n", stderr);
yaml_parser_set_input_file(&parser, fh);
do
/* As this is an example, I'll just use:
* state = 0 = expect key
* state = 1 = expect value
*/
int state = 0;
char** datap;
char* tk;
yaml_parser_scan(&parser, &token);
switch(token.type)
case YAML_KEY_TOKEN: state = 0; break;
case YAML_VALUE_TOKEN: state = 1; break;
case YAML_SCALAR_TOKEN:
tk = token.data.scalar.value;
if (state == 0)
/* It's safe to not use strncmp as one string is a literal */
if (!strcmp(tk, "db_server"))
datap = &conf.db_server;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "db_password"))
datap = &conf.db_pass;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "db_username"))
datap = &conf.db_user;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "national_rail_username"))
datap = &conf.rail_user;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "national_rail_password"))
datap = &conf.rail_pass;
else
printf("Unrecognised key: %s\n", tk);
else
*datap = strdup(tk);
break;
default: break;
if (token.type != YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN)
yaml_token_delete(&token);
while (token.type != YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN);
yaml_token_delete(&token);
yaml_parser_delete(&parser);
fclose(fh);
return conf;
【讨论】:
使用事件而不是令牌可能会更好 - 产生更直接的输出 - 特别是当 yaml 文件变得更复杂时。【参考方案2】:我认为 lxs 的答案应该是
int state = 0;
char** datap;
char* tk;
在 do-while 循环和 &conf->key 之前,而不是 &conf.key。
有代码,对我有用:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <yaml.h>
typedef struct Conf
char* db_server;
char* db_pass;
char* db_user;
char* rail_user;
char* rail_pass;
Conf* readConf(char* filename)
FILE* fh = fopen(filename, "r");
yaml_parser_t parser;
yaml_token_t token;
Conf* conf = malloc(sizeof(Conf));
if (!yaml_parser_initialize(&parser))
fputs("Failed to initialize parser!\n", stderr);
if (fh == NULL)
fputs("Failed to open file!\n", stderr);
yaml_parser_set_input_file(&parser, fh);
/* As this is an example, I'll just use:
* state = 0 = expect key
* state = 1 = expect value
*/
int state = 0;
char** datap;
char* tk;
do
yaml_parser_scan(&parser, &token);
switch(token.type)
case YAML_KEY_TOKEN: state = 0; break;
case YAML_VALUE_TOKEN: state = 1; break;
case YAML_SCALAR_TOKEN:
tk = token.data.scalar.value;
if (state == 0)
/* It's safe to not use strncmp as
one string is a literal */
if (!strcmp(tk, "db_server"))
datap = &conf->db_server;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "db_password"))
datap = &conf->db_pass;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "db_username"))
datap = &conf->db_user;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "national_rail_username"))
datap = &conf->rail_user;
else if (!strcmp(tk, "national_rail_password"))
datap = &conf->rail_pass;
else
printf("Unrecognised key: %s\n", tk);
else
*datap = strdup(tk);
break;
default: break;
if (token.type != YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN)
yaml_token_delete(&token);
while (token.type != YAML_STREAM_END_TOKEN);
yaml_token_delete(&token);
yaml_parser_delete(&parser);
fclose(fh);
return conf;
【讨论】:
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