我如何将这些函数与 Promise 链接在一起?
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【中文标题】我如何将这些函数与 Promise 链接在一起?【英文标题】:How can I chain these functions together with promises? 【发布时间】:2017-02-01 06:12:16 【问题描述】:这是一个从 tshirt 网站中抓取数据,然后将产品信息写入 CSV 文件的程序。
有3个scrape函数和1个write函数。
现在,我正做着一场噩梦,试图弄清楚如何在没有任何 3rd 方库或包的情况下在这里实现 Promise。仅使用 ES6 的原生特性是否可以做到这一点?
由于请求的异步性质,我需要在调用下一个函数之前完全完成每个函数及其请求。这样我就可以在下一个函数中使用urlSet
等变量。
如何在不重写整个代码的情况下简单地做到这一点?
我应该提到,这些功能中的每一个都是单独工作的,它们都经过了多次测试。
每个函数都成为一个单独的承诺吗?
代码如下,谢谢:
//TASK: Create a command line application that goes to an ecommerce site to get the latest prices.
//Save the scraped data in a spreadsheet (CSV format).
'use strict';
//Modules being used:
var cheerio = require('cheerio');
var json2csv = require('json2csv');
var request = require('request');
var moment = require('moment');
var fs = require('fs');
//harcoded url
var url = 'http://shirts4mike.com/';
//url for tshirt pages
var urlSet = new Set();
var remainder;
var tshirtArray = [];
// First scrape loads front page of shirts4mike and finds the first product pages/menus
function firstScrape()
request(url, function(error, response, html)
if(!error && response.statusCode == 200)
var $ = cheerio.load(html);
//iterate over links with 'shirt'
$('a[href*=shirt]').each(function()
var a = $(this).attr('href');
//create new link
var scrapeLink = url + a;
//for each new link, go in and find out if there is a submit button.
//If there, add it to the set
request(scrapeLink, function(error,response, html)
if(!error && response.statusCode == 200)
var $ = cheerio.load(html);
//if page has a submit it must be a product page
if($('[type=submit]').length !== 0)
//add page to set
urlSet.add(scrapeLink);
else if(remainder == undefined)
//if not a product page, add it to remainder so it another scrape can be performed.
remainder = scrapeLink;
);
);
);
//Scrape next level of menus to find remaning product pages to add to urlSet
function secondScrape()
request(remainder, function(error, response, html)
if(!error && response.statusCode == 200)
var $ = cheerio.load(html);
$('a[href*=shirt]').each(function()
var a = $(this).attr('href');
//create new link
var scrapeLink = url + a;
request(scrapeLink, function(error,response, html)
if(!error && response.statusCode == 200)
var $ = cheerio.load(html);
//collect remaining product pages and add to set
if($('[type=submit]').length !== 0)
urlSet.add(scrapeLink);
);
);
);
//call lastScraper so we can grab data from the set (product pages)
function lastScraper()
//scrape set, product pages
for(var item of urlSet)
var url = item;
request(url, function(error, response, html)
if(!error && response.statusCode == 200)
var $ = cheerio.load(html);
//grab data and store as variables
var price = $('.price').text();
var imgURL = $('.shirt-picture').find('img').attr('src');
var title = $('body').find('.shirt-details > h1').text().slice(4);
var tshirtObject = ;
//add values into tshirt object
tshirtObject.Title = title;
tshirtObject.Price = price;
tshirtObject.ImageURL = imgURL;
tshirtObject.URL = url;
tshirtObject.Date = moment().format('MMMM Do YYYY, h:mm:ss a');
//add the object into the array of tshirts
tshirtArray.push(tshirtObject);
);
//Convert array of tshirt objects and write to CSV file
function convertJson2Csv()
//The scraper should generate a folder called `data` if it doesn’t exist.
var dir ='./data';
if(!fs.existsSync(dir))
fs.mkdirSync(dir);
var fields = ['Title', 'Price', 'ImageURL', 'URL', 'Date'];
//convert tshirt data into CSV and pass in fields
var csv = json2csv( data: tshirtArray, fields: fields );
//Name of file will be the date
var fileDate = moment().format('MM-DD-YY');
var fileName = dir + '/' + fileDate + '.csv';
//Write file
fs.writeFile(fileName, csv, overwrite: true, function(err)
console.log('file saved');
if (err) throw err;
);
【问题讨论】:
这个问题和你的earlier question有什么不同? 【参考方案1】:如果您想用 Promise 链接这些函数,那么它们必须返回 Promise。
如果你想用async
模块链接它们,那么它们必须接受回调作为参数。
现在它们既不返回承诺(或其他任何东西),也不会将回调(或其他任何东西)作为参数。如果该函数不接受回调并且不返回任何内容,那么您所能做的就是调用它,仅此而已。任何结果都不会通知您。
示例
回调
如果你有 3 个接受回调的函数:
function fun1(cb)
setTimeout(() =>
cb(null, "fun1");
, 1000);
function fun2(cb)
setTimeout(() =>
cb(null, "fun2");
, 3000);
function fun3(cb)
setTimeout(() =>
cb(null, "fun3");
, 100);
然后你可以知道他们什么时候完成:
fun3((err, value) =>
console.log('fun3 finished:', value);
);
您可以轻松地等待一个,然后再开始另一个:
fun1((err1, val1) =>
fun2((err2, val2) =>
console.log("fun1 + fun2:", val1, val2);
);
);
承诺
如果你的函数返回承诺:
function fun1()
return new Promise((res, rej) =>
setTimeout(() =>
res("fun1");
, 1000);
);
function fun2()
return new Promise((res, rej) =>
setTimeout(() =>
res("fun2");
, 3000);
);
function fun3()
return new Promise((res, rej) =>
setTimeout(() =>
res("fun3");
, 100);
);
那么你也可以知道他们什么时候完成:
fun3().then(value =>
console.log('fun3 finished:', value);
);
您还可以轻松嵌套调用:
fun1().then(val1 =>
fun2().then(val2 =>
console.log("fun1 + fun2:", val1, val2);
);
);
或者:
fun1()
.then(val1 => fun2())
.then(val2 => fun3())
.then(val3 => console.log('All 3 finished in series'));
等等
要同时使用这两种样式,请参阅以下文档:
http://caolan.github.io/async/ http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/getting-started.html https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/javascript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise【讨论】:
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