530. Minimum Absolute Difference in BST
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Given a binary search tree with non-negative values, find the minimum absolute difference between values of any two nodes.
Example:
Input:
1
3
/
2
Output:
1
Explanation:
The minimum absolute difference is 1, which is the difference between 2 and 1 (or between 2 and 3).
Note: There are at least two nodes in this BST.
解题:求二叉排序树上任意两个结点之间的最小差值。BST,又称二叉排序树,满足“左结点的值永远小于根结点的值,右结点的值永远大于根结点的值”这个条件。中序遍历所得到的序列顺序,便是将结点的值从小到大排列所得到顺序。那么,这个题目就迎刃而解了,要想val值相差最小,那么必定是中序遍历时相邻的两个结点。所以在中序遍历的过程中,保存父节点的值,计算父节点与当前结点的差值,再与min值相比较,如果比min小,则更新min,反之继续遍历。代码如下:
1 /**
2 * Definition for a binary tree node.
3 * public class TreeNode {
4 * int val;
5 * TreeNode left;
6 * TreeNode right;
7 * TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
8 * }
9 */
10 class Solution {
11 private int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
12 private int pre = -1;//保存父节点的值
13
14 public int getMinimumDifference(TreeNode root) {
15 if(root == null)
16 return min;
17 getMinimumDifference(root.left);
18 if(pre != -1)
19 min = Math.min(min, Math.abs(root.val - pre));
20 pre = root.val;
21 getMinimumDifference(root.right);
22 return min;
23 }
24 }
也有其他的方法,比如通过java中的排序树来做,代码如下:
public class Solution {
TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
public int getMinimumDifference(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) return min;
if (!set.isEmpty()) {
if (set.floor(root.val) != null) {
min = Math.min(min, root.val - set.floor(root.val));
}
if (set.ceiling(root.val) != null) {
min = Math.min(min, set.ceiling(root.val) - root.val);
}
}
set.add(root.val);
getMinimumDifference(root.left);
getMinimumDifference(root.right);
return min;
}
}
TreeSet中的 floor( ) 函数能返回小于等于给定元素的最大值, ceiling() 函数能返回大于等于给定元素的最小值,其时间开销为对数级,还是挺快的。
参考博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/zyoung/p/6701364.html
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