tensorflow实现猫狗大战（分类算法）

Posted 2020-11-11 ayew

本次使用了tensorflow高级API，在规范化网络编程做出了尝试。

第一步：准备好需要的库

• tensorflow-gpu  1.8.0
• opencv-python     3.3.1
• numpy
• skimage
• tqdm

 第二步：准备数据集：

https://www.kaggle.com/c/dogs-vs-cats

我们使用了kaggle的猫狗大战数据集

我们可以看到数据集中，文件名使用了  ‘类.编号.文件类型 ’ 的标注

为了通用以及方便起见，我们对该数据集进行分文件夹放置：

下面是分类放置的代码：

import os
import shutil

output_train_path = \'/home/a/Datasets/cat&dog/class/cat\'
output_test_path = \'/home/a/Datasets/cat&dog/class/dog\'

if not os.path.exists(output_train_path):
    os.makedirs(output_train_path)
if not os.path.exists(output_test_path):
    os.makedirs(output_test_path)

def scanDir_lable_File(dir,flag = True):

    if not os.path.exists(output_train_path):
        os.makedirs(output_train_path)
    if not os.path.exists(output_test_path):
        os.makedirs(output_test_path)
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir, True, None, False):  # 遍列目录
        # 处理该文件夹下所有文件:
        for f in files:
            if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(root, f)):
                a = os.path.splitext(f)
                # print(a)
                # lable = a[0].split(\'.\')[1]
                lable = a[0].split(\'.\')[0]
                print(lable)
                if lable == \'cat\':
                    img_path = os.path.join(root, f)
                    mycopyfile(img_path, os.path.join(output_train_path, f))
                else:
                    img_path = os.path.join(root, f)
                    mycopyfile(img_path, os.path.join(output_test_path, f))

def mycopyfile(srcfile,dstfile):
    if not os.path.isfile(srcfile):
        print ("%s not exist!"%(srcfile))
    else:
        fpath,fname=os.path.split(dstfile)    #分离文件名和路径
        if not os.path.exists(fpath):
            os.makedirs(fpath)                #创建路径
        shutil.copyfile(srcfile,dstfile)      #复制文件
        print ("copy %s -> %s"%( srcfile,dstfile))


root_path = \'/home/a/Datasets/cat&dog\'
train_path = root_path+\'/train/\'
test_path = root_path+\'/test/\'
scanDir_lable_File(train_path)

接着为了有效使用内存资源，我们使用tfrecord来对图片进行存储

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import os
import random
from tqdm import tqdm
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from skimage import io, transform, color, util

flags = tf.flags
flags.DEFINE_string(flag_name=\'directory\', default_value=\'/home/a/Datasets/cat&dog/class\', docstring=\'数据地址\')
flags.DEFINE_string(flag_name=\'save_dir\', default_value=\'./tfrecords\', docstring=\'保存地址\')
flags.DEFINE_integer(flag_name=\'test_size\', default_value=350, docstring=\'测试集大小\')
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

MODES = [tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN, tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL, tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT]


def _float_feature(value):
    if not isinstance(value, list):
        value = [value]
    return tf.train.Feature(float_list=tf.train.FloatList(value=value))


def _int_feature(value):
    if not isinstance(value, list):
        value = [value]
    return tf.train.Feature(int64_list=tf.train.Int64List(value=value))


def _bytes_feature(value):
    if not isinstance(value, list):
        value = [value]
    return tf.train.Feature(bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(value=value))


def convert_to_tfrecord(mode, anno):
    """转换为TfRecord"""

    assert mode in MODES, "模式错误"

    filename = os.path.join(FLAGS.save_dir, mode + \'.tfrecords\')

    with tf.python_io.TFRecordWriter(filename) as writer:
        for fnm, cls in tqdm(anno):

            # 读取图片、转换
            img = io.imread(fnm)
            img = color.rgb2gray(img)
            img = transform.resize(img, [224, 224])

            # 获取转换后的信息
            if 3 == img.ndim:
                rows, cols, depth = img.shape
            else:
                rows, cols = img.shape
                depth = 1

            # 创建Example对象
            example = tf.train.Example(
                features=tf.train.Features(
                    feature={
                        \'image/height\': _int_feature(rows),
                        \'image/width\': _int_feature(cols),
                        \'image/depth\': _int_feature(depth),
                        \'image/class/label\': _int_feature(cls),
                        \'image/encoded\': _bytes_feature(img.astype(np.float32).tobytes())
                    }
                )
            )
            # 序列化并保存
            writer.write(example.SerializeToString())


def get_folder_name(folder):
    """不递归，获取特定文件夹下所有文件夹名"""

    fs = os.listdir(folder)
    fs = [x for x in fs if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(folder, x))]
    return sorted(fs)


def get_file_name(folder):
    """不递归，获取特定文件夹下所有文件名"""

    fs = os.listdir(folder)
    fs = map(lambda x: os.path.join(folder, x), fs)
    fs = [x for x in fs if os.path.isfile(x)]
    return fs


def get_annotations(directory, classes):
    """获取所有图片路径和标签"""

    files = []
    labels = []

    for ith, val in enumerate(classes):
        fi = get_file_name(os.path.join(directory, val))
        files.extend(fi)
        labels.extend([ith] * len(fi))

    assert len(files) == len(labels), "图片和标签数量不等"

    # 将图片路径和标签拼合在一起
    annotation = [x for x in zip(files, labels)]

    # 随机打乱
    random.shuffle(annotation)

    return annotation


def main(_):
    class_names = get_folder_name(FLAGS.directory)
    annotation = get_annotations(FLAGS.directory, class_names)

    convert_to_tfrecord(tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN, annotation[FLAGS.test_size:])
    convert_to_tfrecord(tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL, annotation[:FLAGS.test_size])


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
    tf.app.run()

再生成tfrecord文件之后

我们选择对于tfrecord文件进行读取

def input_fn(mode, batch_size=1):
    """输入函数"""

    def parser(serialized_example):
        """如何处理数据集中的每一个数据"""

        # 解析单个example对象
        features = tf.parse_single_example(
            serialized_example,
            features={
                \'image/height\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
                \'image/width\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
                \'image/depth\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
                \'image/encoded\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
                \'image/class/label\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
            })

        # 获取参数
        height = tf.cast(features[\'image/height\'], tf.int32)
        width = tf.cast(features[\'image/width\'], tf.int32)
        depth = tf.cast(features[\'image/depth\'], tf.int32)

        # 还原image
        image = tf.decode_raw(features[\'image/encoded\'], tf.float32)
        image = tf.reshape(image, [height, width, depth])
        image = image - 0.5

        # 还原label
        label = tf.cast(features[\'image/class/label\'], tf.int32)

        return image, tf.one_hot(label, FLAGS.classes)

    if mode in MODES:
        tfrecords_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.data_dir, mode + \'.tfrecords\')
    else:
        raise ValueError("Mode 未知")

    assert tf.gfile.Exists(tfrecords_file), (\'TFRrecords 文件不存在\')

    # 创建数据集
    dataset = tf.data.TFRecordDataset([tfrecords_file])
    # 创建映射
    dataset = dataset.map(parser, num_parallel_calls=1)
    # 设置batch
    dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size)
    # 如果是训练，那么就永久循环下去
    if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
        dataset = dataset.repeat()
    # 创建迭代器
    iterator = dataset.make_one_shot_iterator()
    # 获取 feature 和 label
    images, labels = iterator.get_next()


    return images, labels

接着构建自己的网络：我们使用tf.layer来进行构建，该方法对于构建网络十分友好。我们创建一个简单的CNN网络

def my_model(inputs, mode):
    """写一个网络"""
    net = tf.reshape(inputs, [-1, 224, 224, 1])
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(net, [2, 2], strides=2)
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(net, [2, 2], strides=2)
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(net, [2, 2], strides=2)
    # print(net)
    net = tf.reshape(net, [-1, 28 * 28 * 64])
    net = tf.layers.dense(net, 1024, activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.dropout(net, 0.4, training=(mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN))
    net = tf.layers.dense(net, FLAGS.classes)
    return net

对该网络进行操作

def my_model_fn(features, labels, mode):
    """模型函数"""

    # 可视化输入
    tf.summary.image(\'images\', features)

    # 创建网络
    logits = my_model(features, mode)

    predictions = {
        \'classes\': tf.argmax(input=logits, axis=1),
        \'probabilities\': tf.nn.softmax(logits, name=\'softmax_tensor\')
    }

    # 如果是PREDICT，那么只需要predictions就够了
    if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT:
        return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(mode=mode, predictions=predictions)

    # 创建Loss
    loss = tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(onehot_labels=labels, logits=logits, scope=\'loss\')
    tf.summary.scalar(\'train_loss\', loss)

    # 设置如何训练
    if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
        optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=1e-3)
        train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, tf.train.get_or_create_global_step())
    else:
        train_op = None

    # 获取训练精度
    accuracy = tf.metrics.accuracy(
        tf.argmax(labels, axis=1), predictions[\'classes\'],
        name=\'accuracy\')

    accuracy_topk = tf.metrics.mean(
        tf.nn.in_top_k(predictions[\'probabilities\'], tf.argmax(labels, axis=1), 2),
        name=\'accuracy_topk\')

    metrics = {
        \'test_accuracy\': accuracy,
        \'test_accuracy_topk\': accuracy_topk
    }

    # 可视化训练精度
    tf.summary.scalar(\'train_accuracy\', accuracy[1])
    tf.summary.scalar(\'train_accuracy_topk\', accuracy_topk[1])

    return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(
        mode=mode,
        predictions=predictions,
        loss=loss,
        train_op=train_op,
        eval_metric_ops=metrics)

训练该网络

def main(_):
    # 监视器
    logging_hook = tf.train.LoggingTensorHook(
        every_n_iter=100,
        tensors={
            \'accuracy\': \'accuracy/value\',
            \'accuracy_topk\': \'accuracy_topk/value\',
            \'loss\': \'loss/value\'
        },
    )

    # 创建 Estimator
    model = tf.estimator.Estimator(
        model_fn=my_model_fn,
        model_dir=FLAGS.model_dir)

    for i in range(20):
        # 训练
        model.train(
            input_fn=lambda: input_fn(tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN, FLAGS.batch_size),
            steps=FLAGS.steps,
            hooks=[logging_hook])

        # 测试并输出结果
        print("=" * 10, "Testing", "=" * 10)
        eval_results = model.evaluate(
            input_fn=lambda: input_fn(tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL))
        print(\'Evaluation results:\\n\\t{}\'.format(eval_results))
        print("=" * 30)


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
    tf.app.run()

下面是main的总体代码：

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import os
import tensorflow as tf

flags = tf.app.flags
flags.DEFINE_integer(flag_name=\'batch_size\', default_value=16, docstring=\'Batch 大小\')
flags.DEFINE_string(flag_name=\'data_dir\', default_value=\'./tfrecords\', docstring=\'数据存放位置\')
flags.DEFINE_string(flag_name=\'model_dir\', default_value=\'./cat&dog_model\', docstring=\'模型存放位置\')
flags.DEFINE_integer(flag_name=\'steps\', default_value=1000, docstring=\'训练步数\')
flags.DEFINE_integer(flag_name=\'classes\', default_value=2, docstring=\'类别数量\')
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

MODES = [tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN, tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL, tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT]


def input_fn(mode, batch_size=1):
    """输入函数"""

    def parser(serialized_example):
        """如何处理数据集中的每一个数据"""

        # 解析单个example对象
        features = tf.parse_single_example(
            serialized_example,
            features={
                \'image/height\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
                \'image/width\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
                \'image/depth\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
                \'image/encoded\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.string),
                \'image/class/label\': tf.FixedLenFeature([], tf.int64),
            })

        # 获取参数
        height = tf.cast(features[\'image/height\'], tf.int32)
        width = tf.cast(features[\'image/width\'], tf.int32)
        depth = tf.cast(features[\'image/depth\'], tf.int32)

        # 还原image
        image = tf.decode_raw(features[\'image/encoded\'], tf.float32)
        image = tf.reshape(image, [height, width, depth])
        image = image - 0.5

        # 还原label
        label = tf.cast(features[\'image/class/label\'], tf.int32)

        return image, tf.one_hot(label, FLAGS.classes)

    if mode in MODES:
        tfrecords_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.data_dir, mode + \'.tfrecords\')
    else:
        raise ValueError("Mode 未知")

    assert tf.gfile.Exists(tfrecords_file), (\'TFRrecords 文件不存在\')

    # 创建数据集
    dataset = tf.data.TFRecordDataset([tfrecords_file])
    # 创建映射
    dataset = dataset.map(parser, num_parallel_calls=1)
    # 设置batch
    dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size)
    # 如果是训练，那么就永久循环下去
    if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
        dataset = dataset.repeat()
    # 创建迭代器
    iterator = dataset.make_one_shot_iterator()
    # 获取 feature 和 label
    images, labels = iterator.get_next()


    return images, labels


def my_model(inputs, mode):
    """写一个网络"""
    net = tf.reshape(inputs, [-1, 224, 224, 1])
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(net, [2, 2], strides=2)
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(net, [2, 2], strides=2)
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 3], padding=\'same\', activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.max_pooling2d(net, [2, 2], strides=2)
    # print(net)
    net = tf.reshape(net, [-1, 28 * 28 * 64])
    net = tf.layers.dense(net, 1024, activation=tf.nn.relu)
    net = tf.layers.dropout(net, 0.4, training=(mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN))
    net = tf.layers.dense(net, FLAGS.classes)
    return net


def my_model_fn(features, labels, mode):
    """模型函数"""

    # 可视化输入
    tf.summary.image(\'images\', features)

    # 创建网络
    logits = my_model(features, mode)

    predictions = {
        \'classes\': tf.argmax(input=logits, axis=1),
        \'probabilities\': tf.nn.softmax(logits, name=\'softmax_tensor\')
    }

    # 如果是PREDICT，那么只需要predictions就够了
    if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT:
        return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(mode=mode, predictions=predictions)

    # 创建Loss
    loss = tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(onehot_labels=labels, logits=logits, scope=\'loss\')
    tf.summary.scalar(\'train_loss\', loss)

    # 设置如何训练
    if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
        optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=1e-3)
        train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, tf.train.get_or_create_global_step())
    else:
        train_op = None

    # 获取训练精度
    accuracy = tf.metrics.accuracy(
        tf.argmax(labels, axis=1), predictions[\'classes\'],
        name=\'accuracy\')

    accuracy_topk = tf.metrics.mean(
        tf.nn.in_top_k(predictions[\'probabilities\'], tf.argmax(labels, axis=1), 2),
        name=\'accuracy_topk\')

    metrics = {
        \'test_accuracy\': accuracy,
        \'test_accuracy_topk\': accuracy_topk
    }

    # 可视化训练精度
    tf.summary.scalar(\'train_accuracy\', accuracy[1])
    tf.summary.scalar(\'train_accuracy_topk\', accuracy_topk[1])

    return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(
        mode=mode,
        predictions=predictions,
        loss=loss,
        train_op=train_op,
        eval_metric_ops=metrics)


def main(_):
    # 监视器
    logging_hook = tf.train.LoggingTensorHook(
        every_n_iter=100,
        tensors={
            \'accuracy\': \'accuracy/value\',
            \'accuracy_topk\': \'accuracy_topk/value\',
            \'loss\': \'loss/value\'
        },
    )

    # 创建 Estimator
    model = tf.estimator.Estimator(
        model_fn=my_model_fn,
        model_dir=FLAGS.model_dir)

    for i in range(20):
        # 训练
        model.train(
            input_fn=lambda: input_fn(tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN, FLAGS.batch_size),
            steps=FLAGS.steps,
            hooks=[logging_hook])

        # 测试并输出结果
        print("=" * 10, "Testing", "=" * 10)
        eval_results = model.evaluate(
            input_fn=lambda: input_fn(tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL))
        print(\'Evaluation results:\\n\\t{}\'.format(eval_results))
        print("=" * 30)


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
    tf.app.run()

在训练完成后，我们对结果进行预测：

"""Run inference a DeepLab v3 model using tf.estimator API."""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import argparse
import os
import sys
import tensorflow as tf
importPyTorch 和 Albumentations 实现图像分类（猫狗大战）

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