Asible常用的模块和简单的playbook使用
Posted
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了Asible常用的模块和简单的playbook使用相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
Ansible作用
ansible是新出现的自动化运维工具，基于Python开发，实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。特性
1.no agent: 不需要在被管控主机上安装任何软件
2.no server: 无服务器端,使用时直接运行命令即可
3.modules in any languages：基于模块工作，可使用任意语言开发模块,
4.使用yaml语言定制剧本playbook
5.ssh by default：基于SSH工作优点
(1)、轻量级，无需在客户端安装agent，更新时，只需在操作机上进行一次更新即可；
(2)、批量任务执行可以写成脚本，而且不用分发到远程就可以执行；
(3)、使用python编写，维护更简单，ruby语法过于复杂；Ansible的安装部署：
方法一：在线安装(EPEL源)
方法二：自己制作本地yum源 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y ansible
ansible的配置文件：
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qc ansible
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
/etc/ansible/hosts #主机清单Inventory文件 写法1：
node1.ansible.com
node2.ansible.com
192.168.1.1
写法2：以组的方式
[webserver]
192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
[dbserver]
192.168.20.1
192.168.20.2?
?
?
?
?
?
ansible模块
语法格式:
# ansible <PATTERN> -m <module_name> -a <arguments>PATTERN的写法：
某一个主机组的名称 web
所有主机 all
写IP地址或主机名
one.example.com
one.example.com:two.example.com >>>支持写多个主机名，不同的主机名间使用冒号":"隔开
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.* >>>支持通配符
‘webservers:!phoenix‘ >>>对属于webservers组中的主机，但不属于phoenix组的主机
"webservers:&phoenix" >>>对同时属于webservers和phoenix组中的主机进行操作
正则表达式, 必须以~开头
~(web|db).*\.example\.com查看ansible支持的模块
[[email protected] ~]# ansible-doc -l?
查看模块支持的参数
[[email protected] ~]# ansible-doc <模块名称>[[email protected] ~]# ansible-doc ping
ansible模块的说明：
[[email protected] ~]# ansible <pattern> -m <module_name> [-a <arguments>]1、ping
检测被管理端是否在线
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m ping
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}?
2、command
在被管理端执行命令不支持重定向，管道,默认模块[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘uptime‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
19:02:25 up 1:02, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘date‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Fri Dec 2 19:02:43 CST 2016
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘touch /tmp/aa.txt‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m command -a ‘ls /tmp‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_Rp0Uws
yum.log
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -a "ls /tmp"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_SaISP7
yum.log
参数： chdir=<Directory>
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m command -a "chdir=/tmp ls ./"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_zYCyTU
yum.log?
3、shell
在被管理端执行命令 支持重定向，管道 [[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘echo "hello ansible" > /tmp/bb.txt‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "ls /tmp"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_D4YLv4
bb.txt
yum.log
参数：
chdir=<Directory>[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "chdir=/tmp ls ./"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
aa.txt
ansible_0umV5w
bb.txt
yum.log?
?
?
4.copy模块
拷贝ansible管理端的文件到远程主机的指定位置常见参数有：
dest= ? 指明拷贝文件的目标目录位置，使用绝对路径，如果源是目录，则目标也要是目录,如果目标文件已存在，会覆盖原有内容
src= ? 指明本地路径下的某个文件，可以使用相对路径和绝对路径，支持直接指定目录，如果源是目录，则目标也要是目录
mode= ? 指明复制时，目标文件的权限
owner= ? 指明复制时，目标文件的属主
group= ? 指明复制时，目标文件的属组
content= 指明复制到目标主机上的内容，不能与src一起使用，相当于复制content指明的数据，到目标文件中
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa",
"dest": "/tmp/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "54fb6627dbaa37721048e4549db3224d",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 158,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1480678980.74-146396715953485/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp mode=600 owner=nobody group=nobody"
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "aa66816b64b79345d60de19b642cc7e62020038f",
"dest": "/tmp/passwd",
"gid": 99,
"group": "nobody",
"md5sum": "d97afe1f271c470a54f1f0763f97ba81",
"mode": "0600",
"owner": "nobody",
"size": 947,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1480679085.29-206165455771870/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 99
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m copy -a ‘content="hello linux" dest=/tmp/cc.txt mode=600‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "223ce1d650508823f9dd51d8cb4b527ad3d03ca7",
"dest": "/tmp/cc.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "c5fe55563f6ea61e2b28be7c8a5835c2",
"mode": "0600",
"owner": "root",
"size": 11,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1480679297.69-177631978154126/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}5.fetch模块
从远程主机拉取文件到本地,一般情况下，只会从一个远程节点拉取数据
?常见参数：
????dest= ?从远程主机上拉取的文件存放在本地的位置，一般只能是目录
????src= ? 指明远程主机上要拉取的文件，只能是文件，不能是目录
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m fetch -a ‘src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "974b44c114ecbd71bdee11e09a9bc14c9b0395bd",
"dest": "/tmp/192.168.87.102/etc/passwd",
"md5sum": "01d72332a8d9737631212995fe1494f4",
"remote_checksum": "974b44c114ecbd71bdee11e09a9bc14c9b0395bd",
"remote_md5sum": null
}6.cron模块
管理计划任务的模块
常见参数有：
minute= ?指明计划任务的分钟，支持格式：0-59，，/2等，与正常cron任务定义的一样的语法,省略时，默认为，也就是每分钟都执行
hour= ? 指明计划任务的小时，支持的语法：0-23，，/2等，省略时，默认为，也就是每小时都执行
day= ? 指明计划任务的天，支持的语法：1-31，，/2等，省略时，默认为，也就是每天都执行
month= ? 指明计划任务的月，支持的语法为：1-12，，/2等，省略时，默认为，也就是每月都执行
weekday= 指明计划任务的星期几，支持的语法为：0-6，等，省略时，默认为，也就是每星期几都执行
reboot ? 指明计划任务执行的时间为每次重启之后
name= ? 给该计划任务取个名称,必须要给明。每个任务的名称不能一样。
job= ?执行的任务是什么，当state=present时才有意义
state=present|absent ? 表示这个任务是创建还是删除，present表示创建，absent表示删除，默认是present
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m cron -a ‘minute=*/5 name=Ajob job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.8.100 &> /dev/null" state=present‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"Ajob"
]
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘crontab -l‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: Ajob
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.8.100 &> /dev/null
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m cron -a ‘minute=*/5 name=Ajob job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.8.100 &> /dev/null" state=absent‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": []
}7.file模块
用于设定远程主机上的文件属性
常见参数有：
????????path= ? 指明对哪个文件修改其属性
????????src= ? 指明path=指明的文件是软链接文件，其对应的源文件是谁，必须要在state=link时才有用
????????state=directory|link|absent ? 表示创建的文件是目录还是软链接
????????owner= ? 指明文件的属主
????????group= ? 指明文件的属组
????????mode= ? 指明文件的权限
????????创建软链接的用法：
????????????src= ?path= ?state=link
????????修改文件属性的用法：
????????????path= ?owner= ?mode= ?group=
????????创建目录的用法：
????????????path= ?state=directory
????????删除文件：
????????????path= state=absent
[[email protected] etc]# ansible testsrv -m file -a "path=/tmp/1.txt mode=600 owner=root group=nobody"
[[email protected] ~]# ansible testsrv -m file -a "path=/tmp/bb mode=777 recurse=yes"创建软连接
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘src=/etc/passwd path=/tmp/passwd.link state=link‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/passwd.link",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"size": 11,
"src": "/etc/passwd",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}删除文件
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/cc.txt state=absent‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/tmp/cc.txt",
"state": "absent"
}修改文件属性
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/bb.txt mode=700 owner=root group=nobody‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 99,
"group": "nobody",
"mode": "0700",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/bb.txt",
"size": 14,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘ls -l /tmp/bb.txt‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rwx------ 1 root nobody 14 Dec 2 2016 /tmp/bb.txt创建目录
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/bj state=directory‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/bj",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}删除目录
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a ‘path=/tmp/bj state=absent‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/tmp/bj",
"state": "absent"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘ls -l /tmp‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 2 2016 aa.txt
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 2 13:41 ansible_twMJYb
-rwx------ 1 root nobody 14 Dec 2 2016 bb.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 Dec 2 2016 hosts
-rw------- 1 nobody nobody 947 Dec 2 2016 passwd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Dec 2 13:35 passwd.link -> /etc/passwd
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Dec 2 00:58 yum.log8.hostname模块
? 管理远程主机上的主机名
常用参数有
name= 指明主机名
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘hostname‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
node1.ansible.com
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m hostname -a ‘name=node2.ansible.com‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_domain": "ansible.com",
"ansible_fqdn": "node2.ansible.com",
"ansible_hostname": "node2",
"ansible_nodename": "node2.ansible.com"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "node2.ansible.com"
}
9.yum模块
基于yum机制，对远程主机管理程序包
常用参数有：
name= ?指明程序包的名称，可以带上版本号，不指明版本，就是默认最新版本
name=httpd
name=httpd-2.2.15
state=present|lastest|absent ? 指明对程序包执行的操作，present表示安装程序包，latest表示安装最新版本的程序包，absent表示卸载程序包
disablerepo= ? 在用yum安装时，临时禁用某个仓库，仓库的ID
enablerepo= ? 在用yum安装时，临时启用某个仓库,仓库的ID
conf_file= ? 指明yum运行时采用哪个配置文件，而不是使用默认的配置文件
disable_gpg_check=yes|no ? 是否启用gpg-check
卸载软件包:
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m yum -a ‘name=httpd state=absent‘
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘rpm -q httpd‘安装软件包:
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m yum -a ‘name=httpd state=present‘
[[email protected] ~]# ansible 192.168.122.102 -m yum -a "name=ftp state=present disablerepo=zabbix"10、service模块
用来管理远程主机上的服务的模块??? 常见参数有：
????????name= ? 被管理的服务名称(/etc/init.d)
????????state=started|stopped|restarted ? 表示启动或关闭或重启
????????enabled=yes|no ? 表示要不要设定该服务开机自启动
????????runlevel= ? 如果设定了enabled开机自动启动，则要定义在哪些运行级别下自动启动
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m service -a ‘name=nginx state=started‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "started"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘service nginx status‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
nginx (pid 4054) is running...
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m service -a ‘name=nginx state=stopped‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "stopped"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘service nginx status‘
192.168.87.102 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
nginx is stopped
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m service -a ‘name=nginx state=started enabled=yes runlevel=2345‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"enabled": true,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "started"
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘chkconfig --list nginx‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
11.url模块
??如果远端是web服务器，可以利用ansible直接请求某个网页
????????常见参数有：
????????url= ? 指明请求的url的路径，如：http://10.1.32.68/test.jpg
????????user= ? 如果请求的url需要认证，则认证的用户名是什么
????????password= ?如果请求的url需要认证，则认证的密码是什么
????????method= ? 指明请求的方法，如GET、POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m uri -a ‘url=http://192.168.87.102/index.html‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"accept_ranges": "bytes",
"changed": false,
"connection": "close",
"content_length": "612",
"content_type": "text/html",
"date": "Fri, 02 Dec 2016 06:31:58 GMT",
"etag": "\"571f8501-264\"",
"last_modified": "Tue, 26 Apr 2016 15:10:57 GMT",
"msg": "OK (612 bytes)",
"redirected": false,
"server": "nginx/1.10.0",
"status": 200,
"url": "http://192.168.87.102/index.html"
}12.group模块
用来添加或删除远端主机的用户组
??常见参数有：
????????name= ? 被管理的组名
????????state=present|absent ? 是添加还是删除,不指名默认为添加
????????gid= ? 指明GID
????????system=yes|no ? 是否为系统组
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m group -a ‘name=hr gid=2000 state=present‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 2000,
"name": "hr",
"state": "present",
"system": false
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘tail -1 /etc/group‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hr:x:2000:
13.user模块
管理远程主机上的用户的账号
常见参数有：
name= ? 指明要管理的账号名称
state=present|absent ? 指明是创建账号还是删除账号，present表示创建，absent表示删除
system=yes|no ? 指明是否为系统账号
uid= ? 指明用户UID
group= ? 指明用户的基本组
groups= ? 指明用户的附加组
shell= ? 指明默认的shell
home= ? 指明用户的家目录
move_home=yes|no ? 当home设定了家目录，如果要创建的家目录已存在，是否将已存在的家目录进行移动
password= ? 指明用户的密码，最好使用加密好的字符串
comment= ? 指明用户的注释信息
remove=yes|no ? 当state=absent时，也就是删除用户时，是否要删除用户的而家目录
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m user -a ‘name=martin group=hr groups=shichang uid=500 shell=/bin/bash home=/home/martin comment="martin user"‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"comment": "martin user",
"createhome": true,
"group": 2000,
"groups": "shichang",
"home": "/home/martin",
"name": "martin",
"shell": "/bin/bash",
"state": "present",
"system": false,
"uid": 500
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a ‘grep "martin:" /etc/passwd‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
martin:x:500:2000:martin user:/home/martin:/bin/bash
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m user -a ‘name=martin state=absent remove=yes‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "martin",
"remove": true,
"state": "absent"
}
14.script模块
将管理端的某个脚本，移动到远端主机(不需要指明传递到远端主机的哪个路径下，系统会自动移动，然后执行)，
?一般是自动移动到远端主机的/root/.ansible/tmp目录下，然后自动给予其权限，然后再开个子shell然后运行脚本，运行完成后删除脚本
测试脚本
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m script -a ‘/root/1.sh‘
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "",
"stdout": "",
"stdout_lines": []
}15.setup模块
可收集远程主机的facts变量的信息，相当于收集了目标主机的相关信息(如内核版本、操作系统信息、cpu、…)，保存在ansible的内置变量中，之后我们有需要用到时，直接调用变量即可
[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m setup
192.168.87.102 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"192.168.87.102"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::20c:29ff:fe0c:5ab9"
],
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "05/20/2014",
"ansible_bios_version": "6.00", ?
?
剧本 playbook
以.yml结尾的文件，遵循yaml语法示例01：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/test.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: touch a new file
shell: touch /tmp/1.mp3执行剧本
[[email protected] ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/test.yml [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/user.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: create nginx user
user: name=nginx shell=/sbin/nologin state=present示例02：
# playbook在执行时，默认会获取被管理端的fact变量，可以通过在playbook文件中使用"gather_facts: false"禁止该行为
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/user.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: create nginx user
user: name=nginx shell=/sbin/nologin state=present示例03：部署mariadb-server数据库
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/mysql.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: install mariadb
yum: name=mariadb-server state=present
- name: copy config file
copy: src=/tmp/my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
- name: start mysql daemon
service: name=mariadb state=started enabled=yes
在playbook使用变量
示例01：在Playbook中定义变量
[[email protected] ansible]# cat user02.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
vars:
- username: "mike"
tasks:
- name: create mike
user: name={{ username }}
示例02：在/etc/ansible/hosts文件中定义
[[email protected] ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[testsrv]
192.168.122.102 username="tom"
192.168.122.103 username="jerry"
[[email protected] ansible]# cat user03.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: create user
user: name={{ username }} state=present示例03：为主机组定义变量
[testsrv:vars]
software="bind"
[[email protected] ansible]# cat a.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: install software
yum: name={{ software }} state=present在playbook使用条件判断 : when
[[email protected] ansible]# cat b.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
vars:
- name01: "user01"
- name02: "user02"
tasks:
- name: create user01
user: name={{ name01 }} state=present
when: ansible_hostname == "agent01"
- name: create user02
user: name={{ name02 }} state=present
when: ansible_hostname == "node02"
with_items实现循环
示例01：通过列表的方式为item赋值
[[email protected] ansible]# cat c.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: change file permission
file: path=/tmp/{{ item }} owner=nobody group=nobody mode=777
with_items:
- 1.txt
- 2.txt示例02：通过字典的方式为item赋值
[[email protected] ansible]# cat d.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: create user
user: name={{ item["username"] }} uid={{ item["userid"] }} shell=/sbin/nologin
with_items:
- {"username":"user03","userid":3000}
- {"username":"user04","userid":4000}handlers组件
用于定义当某个条件触发时，执行的操作
应用场景用于当配置文件改动时，服务自动重启 示例01：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/http.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: copy httpd config file
copy: src=/tmp/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=reloadedtemplate模块
只能应用于Playbook中
应用场景用于配置文件Jinja模板，实现变量替换
建议准备Jinja配置文件时，文件名称以.j2结尾，以区分普通文件 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/http.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: copy httpd config file
template: src=/tmp/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=reloaded
# httpd.conf.j2部分内容如下：
[[email protected] ~]# grep "Listen" /tmp/httpd.conf.j2
Listen {{ ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[1] }}:9999角色 role
创建角色目录：
/etc/ansible/roles/角色目录
default 保存角色默认变量
files 保存普通文件
handlers 保存handlers
tasks 保存任务，必须要有一个名称为main.yml
templates 保存Jinja模块
meta 保存资源间的依赖关系
vars 保存变量
子目录间的文件，可以不加目录名称任意调用 示例01：
1、创建角色
[[email protected] ansible]# mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/http
[[email protected] ansible]# mkdir /etc/ansible/roles/http/{tasks,templates,handlers}
[[email protected] ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/main.yml
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: copy httpd config file
template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
[[email protected] ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=reloaded
[[email protected] ansible]# ls /etc/ansible/roles/http/templates/
httpd.conf.j2
[[email protected] ansible]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/http/
/etc/ansible/roles/http/
├── handlers
│?? └── main.yml
├── tasks
│?? └── main.yml
└── templates
└── httpd.conf.j2
3 directories, 3 files2、使用角色
[[email protected] ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/http.yml
- hosts: testsrv
user: root
roles:
- http
[[email protected] tasks]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/http.yml
# 第二种写法
[[email protected] tasks]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/http/
/etc/ansible/roles/http/
├── handlers
│?? └── main.yml
├── tasks
│?? ├── config.yml
│?? ├── install.yml
│?? ├── main.yml
│?? └── start.yml
└── templates
└── httpd.conf.j2
[[email protected] tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/install.yml
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
[[email protected] tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/config.yml
- name: copy httpd config file
template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
[[email protected] tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/start.yml
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
[[email protected] tasks]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/http/tasks/main.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: start.yml以上是关于Asible常用的模块和简单的playbook使用的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章