Git标签管理

Posted 2020-07-12 玉曲风

发布一个版本时，我们通常会在版本库中打上一个标签，这样，就唯一确定了打标签时刻的版本了，将来无论什么时候，取某个标签的版本，就是

把那个打标签的时刻的历史版本取出来，所以，标签也是版本库的一个快照，Git的标签虽然是版本库的快照，但其实它就是指向某个commit的指针

（跟分支很像，但是分支可以移动，标签不能移动），所以创建和删除一个标签都是在一瞬间完成的。

在Git中打标签非常简单，首先切换到需要打标签的分支上：

输入git tag name 就可以打一个新的标签：

$ git tag v1.0

可以用命令git tag 查看所有的标签：

$ git tag
v1.0

默认标签是打在最新提交的commit上的。有时候，如果忘记打标签，那怎么办？

方法就是找到历史提交的commit id ,然后打上就可以了

$ git log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
dbfc0ee merge bug fix 119
b4d16ef bug 119 had fix
8e64728 merge with no-ff
4f4f23a dev commit
f3d8f1e branch merge
4bb4c5a master branch merge test
cccee34 newbranch first commit
0d0bbca dev first commit
d5aea29 master first commit
023ee21 Initial commit

比如要对“branch merge”这次提交打上标签，它对应的commit id是"f3d8f1e"，敲入命令：

$ git tag v0.9 f3d8f1e

 

查看下所有的标签：

[email protected] MINGW32 /c/gitskill (master)
$ git tag
v0.9
v1.0

注意：标签不是按照时间顺序列出的，而是按照字母的顺序列出的，可以用git show tagname查看标签信息：

$ git show v1.0
commit dbfc0eebcb89072cf76cdda1eccea37c8b22db73
Merge: 8e64728 b4d16ef
Author: mars <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 24 18:04:26 2016 +0800

merge bug fix 119

还可以创建带有说明的标签，用-a指定标签名，-m指定说明文字：

[email protected] MINGW32 /c/gitskill (master)
$ git tag -a v0.1 -m "version 0.1 released" cccee34

[email protected] MINGW32 /c/gitskill (master)
$ git tag
v0.1
v0.9
v1.0

[email protected] MINGW32 /c/gitskill (master)
$ git show v0.1
tag v0.1
Tagger: mars <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 24 22:37:10 2016 +0800

version 0.1 released

commit cccee3487123b38970e76b95c43269661248c528
Author: mars <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 24 15:40:12 2016 +0800

newbranch first commit

 

还可以通过-s用私钥签名一个标签：

$ git tag -s v0.2 -m "signed version 0.2 released" 8e64728

签名采用PGP签名，因此，必须首先安装gpg(GnuPG),如果没有找到gpg,或者没有gpg秘钥对，就会报错：

[email protected] MINGW32 /c/gitskill (master)
$ git tag -s v0.2 -m "signed version 0.2 released" 8e64728
gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory!
gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html for more information
gpg: directory `/c/Users/LV/.gnupg‘ created
gpg: new configuration file `/c/Users/LV/.gnupg/gpg.conf‘ created
gpg: WARNING: options in `/c/Users/LV/.gnupg/gpg.conf‘ are not yet active during this run
gpg: keyring `/c/Users/LV/.gnupg/secring.gpg‘ created
gpg: keyring `/c/Users/LV/.gnupg/pubring.gpg‘ created
gpg: skipped "mars <[email protected]>": secret key not available
gpg: signing failed: secret key not available
error: gpg failed to sign the data
error: unable to sign the tag

生成GPG Key

gpg --gen-key 按提示自己生成

生成签名标签：

$ git tag -u "Mars Lv" -s v0.2 -m "signed version 0.2 released" 8e64728

生成后的签名标签：

$ git show v0.2
tag v0.2
Tagger: mars <[email protected]>
Date: Tue May 24 23:40:01 2016 +0800

signed version 0.2 released
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1
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=4Ml3

 

[email protected] MINGW32 /c/gitskill (master)
$ git tag -v v0.2
object 8e647284624ec4ae666bebcdce784aa5db8d39d6
type commit
tag v0.2
tagger mars <[email protected]> 1464104401 +0800

signed version 0.2 released
gpg: WARNING: using insecure memory!
gpg: please see http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html for more information
gpg: Signature made 2016年05月24日 23:40:01 using RSA key ID D79C505F
gpg: Good signature from ""Mars Lv" (GPG key for Mars) <[email protected]>"

 

-u, --local-user <key-id> 使用另一个Key签名此tag，“Mars Lv”是我生成的key-id