project01 PXE 无人职守安装(kickstart|Cobbler)
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自动化运维体系
1. 系统预备
自动化安装操作系统及常用软件包---(PXE kickstart---ks.cfg)
2. 配置管理
自动化部署业务系统软件包并完成配置 --- puppet
远程管理服务器(开关服务等)
变更回滚
3. 监控报警 (cacti|ngioas|zabbix)
服务器可用性、性能、安全监控
向管理员发送报警信息
PXE 无人职守安装(kickstart|Cobbler)
工作原理
PXE.client的网卡芯片里面内置一个dhcp.client,tfpt.client,会从server端下载一个PXEOS（里面有各种安装选项标签），选择特定安装标签后，
会通过tftp传输一个临时内核（vmlinuz，initrd.img），接着传一个ks.cfg自动安装配置文件过去
1、客户机可以通过服务端dhcp在获取IP地址，并且dhcpd服务器会告诉客户端tftp服务器IP地址。
2、pxe客户端会从tftp服务器上下载pxelinux.0操作系统和这个操作系统对应的配置文件(default)至本机，在本机上运行pxelinux.0这个操作系统，
这个操作系统会加载自己的配置文件:default.
default加载后会弹出一个安装系统选择界面，让用户去选择要安装哪个操作系统
tftp的作用是实现安装文件UDP快速传输
3、启动第三个临时系统（vmlinuz/initrd.img）,构造安装之前一个临时系统环境，在这里会重新
获取IP地址，并且会读取ks.cfg这个配置文件
4、nfs/http/ftp用来导出红帽系统安装目录树
5、根据ks.cfg来自动完成操作系统的安装
部署PXE
1. Configure the network (NFS, FTP, HTTP) server to export the installation tree.
2. Configure the files on the tftp server necessary for PXE booting.
3. Configure DHCP.
4. Boot the client, and start the installation.
1 配置服务(NFS, FTP, HTTP) 导出安装树
[[email protected] ~]# lftp 192.168.0.254
lftp 192.168.0.254:~> cd notes/iso/
lftp 192.168.0.254:/notes/iso> get rhel-server-6.3-x86_64-dvd.iso
lftp 192.168.0.254:/notes/iso> exit
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/root/rhel-server-6.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/rhel6 iso9660 ro,loop 0 0
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /mnt/rhel6
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
本地YUM源
[[email protected] ~]# rm -fr /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=this‘s local YUM
baseurl=file:///mnt/rhel6
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
安装服务
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install vsftpd httpd
通过ftp发布安装树
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/pub/rhel6/dvd -p
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/root/rhel-server-6.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/ftp/pub/rhel6/dvd iso9660 ro,loop 0 0
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a
[[email protected] ~]# service vsftpd start
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig vsftpd on
通过http发布安装树
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /var/ftp/pub/rhel6/dvd/ /var/www/html/rhel6
[[email protected] ~]# service httpd start
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig httpd on
测试
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://192.168.0.1/rhel6/GPL &> /dev/null && echo ‘HTTP测试成功‘
HTTP测试成功
[[email protected] ~]# wget ftp://192.168.0.1/pub/rhel6/dvd/README
2 配置tftp服务(pxe相关的启动文件)
1> 安装tftp-server
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install tftp-server
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig tftp on
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig xinetd on
[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd start
2> 安装pxelinux.0操作系统
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install syslinux
[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
3> pxelinux.0的配置文件(default)
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/ftp/pub/rhel6/dvd/isolinux/
[[email protected] isolinux]# cp isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
4> 安装那个系统的版本内核文件
[[email protected] isolinux]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/rhel6.3
[[email protected] isolinux]# cp vmlinuz initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/rhel6.3/
5> 增强图形化菜单
vesamenu.c32 --- 图形菜单编译器
splash.jpg --- 背景图
boot.msg --- 字符菜单
[[email protected] isolinux]# cp boot.msg vesamenu.c32 splash.jpg /var/lib/tftpboot/
3 安装dhcp服务
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf"？ y
option domain-name "hugo.cc";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1, 8.8.8.8;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.110;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
next-server 192.168.0.1; ---找寻tftp服务主机
filename "pexlinux.0"; ---下载pex系统
}
[[email protected] ~]# service dhcpd start
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on
4 通过kickstart工具 生成安装系统的脚本 ks.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart
/root/ks.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# cat /root/ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="ftp://192.168.0.1/pub/rhel6/dvd"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$.DW5qqTM$NjQgYUCnhuhW2sXM9jcgJ0
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang zh_CN
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append="selinux=0" --location=mbr --md5pass="$1$r/9QfvC3$wWRxW4VFEu/WtEY1JKTdR0"
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
clearpart --all
part /boot --fstype ext4 --size=100
part pv.100000 --size=10000
part swap --size=512
volgroup vg --pesize=32768 pv.100000
logvol /home --fstype ext4 --name=lv_home --vgname=vg --size=480
logvol / --fstype ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg --size=8192
%end
%post
rm -fr /etc/yum.repos.d/*
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo << EOT
[dvd]
name=this‘s PXE source
baseurl=ftp://192.168.0.1/pub/rhel6/dvd
enabled=1
gpgchec=0
EOT
sed -i s/id:[0-9]:initdefault:/id:5:initdefault:/ /etc/inittab
%end
%packages
@basic-desktop
@chinese-support
@desktop-debugging
@desktop-platform
@development
@fonts
@graphical-admin-tools
@input-methods
@legacy-x
@remote-desktop-clients
@x11
httpd
mysql-server
mysql
php-mysql
lftp
ftp
openssh
%end
----------------------------------------------------------
<发布ks.cfg文件>定义default菜单 如何连接ks.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# cp /root/ks.cfg /var/www/html/rhel6.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default vesamenu.c32
#prompt 1
timeout 600
display boot.msg
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.3!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
menu default
localboot 0xffff
label linux
menu label Install RHEL6.3
menu default
kernel rhel6.3/vmlinuz
append initrd=rhel6/initrd.img
label auto
menu label Auto RHEL6.3
kernel rhel6.3/vmlinuz
append initrd=rhel6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.0.1/rhel6.cfg noipv6
label rescue
menu label ^Rescue installed system
kernel rhel6.3/vmlinuz
append initrd=rhel6.3/initrd.img rescue
保证局域网内 只有一个DHCP服务
配置DNS
正向解析 hugo.cc
反向解析 192.168.0.0/24
[[email protected] isolinux]# yum -y install bind
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.0.1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { localhost; any; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable no;
dnssec-validation no;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "hugo.cc" IN {
type master;
file "hugo.cc.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.0.rev";
allow-update { none; };
};
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/named/
[[email protected] named]# cp -a named.localhost hugo.cc.zone
[[email protected] named]# vim hugo.cc.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA ns1.hugo.cc. root.hugo.cc. (
10 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
@ NS ns1.hugo.cc.
ns1 A 192.168.0.1
[[email protected] named]# for a in {2..254}; do echo -e "desktop$a\tA\t192.168.$a" >> /var/named/hugo.cc.zone ; done
[[email protected] named]# cp hugo.cc.zone 192.168.0.rev -a
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA ns1.hugo.cc. root.hugo.cc. (
10 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
@ NS ns1.hugo.cc.
1 PTR ns1.hugo.cc.
[[email protected] named]# for a in {2..254}; do echo -e "$a\tPTR\tdesktop$a.hugo.cc." >> /var/named/192.168.0.rev ; done
[[email protected] named]# service named start
[[email protected] ~]# echo "nameserver 192.168.0.1" > /etc/resolv.conf
[[email protected] ~]# dig -t axfr hugo.cc
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
增加一个标签RHEL5.4
<导入安装树|生成ks.cfg脚本|拷贝内核文件|添加标签>
1. 通过FTP|HTTP|NFS 发布RHEL5.4安装树
mkdir /var/ftp/pub/rhel5.4
mount -o loop /root/rhel-server-5.4-i386-dvd.iso /var/ftp/pub/rhel5.4/
wget ftp://192.168.0.1/pub/rhel5.4/GPL
2.生成rhel5.4的kickstart文件
vim /root/ks_rhel5.4.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
key --skip
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --md5pass=$1$MUnByNpz$WVFU9CQ.cnLdHPjOjfKvO/
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Use network installation
url --url=ftp://192.168.0.1/pub/rhel5.4
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$dTFnL7xR$f6xjhRJbxoKxPt69HLv2V0
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# System timezone
timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig --defaultdesktop=GNOME --depth=8 --resolution=800x600 --startxonboot
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=100
part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=15000
part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=512
%pre
#clearpart --linux
#part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200
#part pv.3 --size=20000
#part swap --size=1024
#volgroup vol0 --pesize=32768 pv.3
#logvol / --fstype ext3 --name=root --vgname=vol0 --size=15000
#logvol /home --fstype ext3 --name=home --vgname=vol0 --size=992
%post
echo "nameserver 192.168.0.1" >> /etc/resolv.conf
%packages
@gnome-desktop
@development-libs
@development-tools
@graphical-internet
@graphics
@chinese-support
@editors
lftp
openssh
wget
firefox
elinks
拷贝到http 家目录
cp /root/ks_rhel5.4.cfg /var/www/html/rhel5_4.cfg
3 拷贝rhel5.4的内核文件
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/rhel5.4/
cd /var/ftp/pub/rhel5.4/isolinux/
cp vmlinuz initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/rhel5.4/
4 定义RHEL5.4的菜单选项
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
label auto5
menu label ^Auto RHEL5.4
kernel rhel5.4/vmlinuz
append initrd=rhel5.4/initrd.img network noipv6 ks=http://192.168.0.1/rhel5_4.cfg
测试
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