Linux常用基本命令:grep-从文件或者管道中筛选匹配的行

Posted 2020-11-07 ghostwu

grep命令

作用：从文本文件或管道数据流中筛选匹配的行及数据，配合正则表达式一起使用，功能更加强大。

格式:

grep [options] [pattern] [file]

 

１，匹配包含"ghostwu"的行

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.txt 
     1    my name is ghostwu
     2    how are you
     3    fine think you
     4    My name is Ghostwu
     5    what‘s your name?
     6    my name is ghostwu2
     7    
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2

 

２，-v: 不包含，相当于取反

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -v "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
how are you
fine think you
My name is Ghostwu
what‘s your name?

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ 

 

３，-n　添加行号

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -n "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
1:my name is ghostwu
6:my name is ghostwu2
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -vn "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
2:how are you
3:fine think you
4:My name is Ghostwu
5:what‘s your name?
7:

 

４，-E，使用扩展的egrep命令，模式中可以用正则表达式

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ cat ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
how are you
fine think you
My name is Ghostwu
what‘s your name?
my name is ghostwu2

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -E "my|your" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
what‘s your name?
my name is ghostwu2
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -Ev "my|your" ghostwu.txt 
how are you
fine think you
My name is Ghostwu

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -En "my|your" ghostwu.txt 
1:my name is ghostwu
5:what‘s your name?
6:my name is ghostwu2

 

５，-i选项，不区分大小写

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -i "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
My name is Ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2

 

６，-c :统计匹配的行数，不是匹配字符串的次数

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -c "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
2
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -ci "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
3

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -c "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
2
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.txt 
     1    my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
     2    how are you
     3    fine think you
     4    My name is Ghostwu
     5    what‘s your name?
     6    my name is ghostwu2
     7    

 

７，-o: 只输出匹配到的字符串

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -o "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
ghostwu
ghostwu
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -oi "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
ghostwu
Ghostwu
ghostwu

 

８，-w: 只匹配过滤的单词，类似于精确匹配

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -w "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -wi "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
My name is Ghostwu
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.txt 
     1    my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
     2    how are you
     3    fine think you
     4    My name is Ghostwu
     5    what‘s your name?
     6    my name is ghostwu2
     7    

 

９，常用的一招小技巧，去除文件的注释和空行，在运维中，可以用这条命令把配置文件的空行和注释去掉，然后用管道生成。这样配置文件比较容易查看和配置

[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ grep -Ev "^$|#" ghostwu.php
<?php
    class Person {
        public $name = ‘ghostwu‘;
        public $age = 20;
        public function showinfo(){
            echo $this->name . PHP_EOL;
            echo $this->age. PHP_EOL;
        }
    }
[email protected]:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.php 
     1    <?php
     2    
     3        class Person {
     4    
     5            #人名
     6            public $name = ‘ghostwu‘;
     7    
     8            #年龄
     9            public $age = 20;
    10    
    11            #显示信息　
    12            public function showinfo(){
    13                echo $this->name . PHP_EOL;
    14                echo $this->age. PHP_EOL;
    15            }
    16        }