设计模式——3.单例模式

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观察者模式(Observer)

观察者模式(Observer)简介:

定义一个一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象监听某个主题对象,当主题对象的状态发生改变时,主题对象则通知所有的观察者对象,做出相应的反应,更新自己的状态等。

观察者模式结构图:

Observer

C++代码

Subject抽象类以及ConcreteSubject具体实现类:

//file: Subject.h
#pragma once
#include "Observer.h"
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Subject
{
public:
    Subject();
    virtual ~Subject();

    void attach(Observer *pObserver);
    void detach(Observer *pObserver);

    void notify();

    virtual int getState() = 0;
    virtual void setState(int i) = 0;

private:
    vector<Observer *> m_vtObj;
};

class ConcreteSubject : public Subject
{
public:
    ConcreteSubject();
    virtual ~ConcreteSubject();
    virtual int getState();
    virtual void setState(int i);

private:
    int m_State;
};
//file: Subject.cpp
#include "pch.h"
#include "Subject.h"

//Subject
Subject::Subject() {}

Subject::~Subject() {}

void Subject::attach(Observer *pObserver)
{
    m_vtObj.push_back(pObserver);
}

void Subject::detach(Observer *pObserver)
{
    for (vector<Observer *>::iterator iter = m_vtObj.begin(); iter != m_vtObj.end(); iter++)
    {
        if (*iter == pObserver)
        {
            m_vtObj.erase(iter);
            return;
        }
    }
}

void Subject::notify()
{
    for (vector<Observer *>::iterator iter = m_vtObj.begin(); iter != m_vtObj.end(); iter++)
    {
        (*iter)->update(this);
    }
}

//ConcreteSubject
ConcreteSubject::ConcreteSubject() {}

ConcreteSubject::~ConcreteSubject() {}

int ConcreteSubject::getState()
{
    return m_State;
}

void ConcreteSubject::setState(int i)
{
    m_State = i;
}

Observer抽象类以及ConcreteObserver具体观察者类:

//file: Observer.h
#pragma once
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Subject;

class Observer
{
public:
    Observer();
    virtual ~Observer();
    virtual void update(Subject *ps) = 0;
};

class ConcreteObserver : public Observer
{
public:
    ConcreteObserver(string pName);
    virtual ~ConcreteObserver();
    virtual void update(Subject *ps);

private:
    string m_ObjName;
    int m_ObserverState;
};
//file: Observer.cpp
#include "pch.h"
#include "Subject.h"
#include "Observer.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//Observer
Observer::Observer() {}

Observer::~Observer() {}

//ConcreteOberver
ConcreteObserver::ConcreteObserver(string pName)
{
    m_ObjName = pName;
}

ConcreteObserver::~ConcreteObserver() {}

void ConcreteObserver::update(Subject *ps)
{
    m_ObserverState = ps->getState();
    cout << "update observer " << m_ObjName << " to state " << m_ObserverState << " !" << endl;
}

客户端代码:

//file: ObserverPattern.cpp : This file contains the \'main\' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
#include "pch.h"
#include "Subject.h"

int main()
{
    Subject *sub = new ConcreteSubject();
    Observer *objA = new ConcreteObserver("A");
    Observer *objB = new ConcreteObserver("B");

    sub->attach(objA);
    sub->attach(objB);

    sub->setState(101);
    sub->notify();

    sub->detach(objB);

    sub->setState(102);
    sub->notify();

    delete sub;
    delete objA;
    delete objB;
    return 0;
}

C#代码

观察者模式实现

Subject抽象类以及ConcreteSubject具体实现类:

public abstract class Subject
{
    private List<Observer> objList = new List<Observer>();

    public int State { get; set; }

    public void Attach(Observer obj)
    {
        objList.Add(obj);
    }

    public void Detach(Observer obj)
    {
        objList.Remove(obj);
    }

    public void Notify()
    {
        foreach (Observer o in objList)
        {
            o.Update(this);
        }
    }
}

public class ConcreteSubject : Subject
{

}

Observer抽象类以及ConcreteObserver具体观察者类:

public abstract class Observer
{
    public abstract void Update(Subject sub);
}

public class ConcreteObserver : Observer
{
    int m_State;
    string m_Name;

    public ConcreteObserver(string name)
    {
        this.m_Name = name;
    }

    public override void Update(Subject sub)
    {
        this.m_State = sub.State;
        Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", m_Name, m_State);
    }
}

客户端代码:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Subject sub = new ConcreteSubject();
        Observer objA = new ConcreteObserver("A");
        Observer objB = new ConcreteObserver("B");

        sub.Attach(objA);
        sub.Attach(objB);
        sub.State = 101;
        sub.Notify();

        sub.Detach(objB);
        sub.State = 102;
        sub.Notify();

        Console.ReadKey(false);
    }
}

C#委托事件实现观察者

抽象Subject类以及委托方法原型以及ConcreteSubject具体实现类:

public delegate void EventHander(Subject sub);

public abstract class Subject
{
    public int State { get; set; }
    public abstract void Notify();
}

public class ConcreteSubject : Subject
{
    public event EventHander Update;

    public override void Notify()
    {
        if (Update != null)
            Update(this);
    }
}

ConcreteObserverA/B具体实现类:

public class ConcreteObserverA
{
    public int State { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public ConcreteObserverA(string name)
    {
        Name = name;
    }

    public void FuncA(Subject sub)
    {
        this.State = sub.State;
        Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
    }

    public void FeatureA(Subject sub)
    {
        this.State = sub.State;
        Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
    }
}

public class ConcreteObserverB
{
    public int State { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public ConcreteObserverB(string name)
    {
        Name = name;
    }

    public void FuncB(Subject sub)
    {
        this.State = sub.State;
        Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
    }

    public void FeatureB(Subject sub)
    {
        this.State = sub.State;
        Console.WriteLine("Update Observer {0} to state {1} .", Name, State);
    }
}

客户端代码:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ConcreteSubject sub = new ConcreteSubject();

        ConcreteObserverA objA = new ConcreteObserverA("ConcreteObserverA");
        ConcreteObserverB objB = new ConcreteObserverB("ConcreteObserverB");

        sub.Update += objA.FuncA;
        sub.Update += objB.FeatureB;

        sub.State = 101;
        sub.Notify();

        sub.Update -= objB.FeatureB;
        sub.State = 102;
        sub.Notify();

        Console.ReadKey(false);
    }
}

运行实例:

ObserverRes

REF

书籍:

设计模式与游戏开发、大话设计模式

GitHub:

https://github.com/me115/design_patterns

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