LVS/NAT + keepalived负载均衡实现
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一、keepalived简介
keepalived是分布式部署解决系统高可用的软件，结合lvs(LinuxVirtual Server)使用，解决单机宕机的问题。
keepalived是一个基于VRRP协议来实现IPVS的高可用的解决方案。对于LVS负载均衡来说，如果前端的调度器direct发生故障，则后端的realserver是无法接受请求并响应的。因此，保证前端direct的高可用性是非常关键的，否则后端的服务器是无法进行服务的。而我们的keepalived就可以用来解决单点故障（如LVS的前端direct故障）问题。keepalived的主要工作原理是：运行keepalived的两台服务器，其中一台为MASTER，另一台为BACKUP，正常情况下，所有的数据转换功能和ARP请求响应都是由MASTER完成的，一旦MASTER发生故障，则BACKUP会马上接管MASTER的工作，这种切换时非常迅速的。
二、测试环境
下面拿4台虚拟机进行环境测试,实验环境为centos6.6 x86_64,在lvs NAT模式环境下只有前端两台keepalived调度机有公网ip，后端真实机只有内网ip，具体用途和ip如下
服务器类型 | 公网ip | 内网ip |
LVS VIP | 192.168.214.70 | 192.168.211.254 |
Keepalived Master | 192.168.214.76 | 192.168.211.76 |
Keepalived Backup | 192.168.214.77 | 192.168.211.77 |
Realserver A | 192.168.211.79 | |
Realserver B | 192.168.211.83 |
三、软件安装
1、安装lvs所需包ipvsadm
yum install -y ipvsadm
ln -s /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r` /usr/src/linux
lsmod |grep ip_vs
#注意Centos 6.X安装lvs，使用1.26版本。并且需要先安装yuminstall libnl* popt* -y
执行ipvsadm(modprobe ip_vs)把ip_vs模块加载到内核
[[email protected] ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
#IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 ---- ip_vs内核模块版本
2、安装keepalived
yum install -y keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on
注：在centos7系列系统中开机自动启动使用systemctl enable keepalived
四、开启路由转发
在lvs/NAT模式下前端两台调度机192.168.211.76和192.168.211.77上需要开启路由转发功能
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
修改net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0为net.ipv4.ip_forward= 1
保存退出后，使用systcl –p命令让其生效
五、keepalived配置
先看下211.76 keepalivedmaster主机上的配置
具体详细的参数说明见上篇LVS/DR + keepalived负载均衡实现
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { [email protected] } notification_email_from [email protected] #smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_1 #lvs_id LVS_EXAMPLE_01 } vrrp_sync_group VG1 { group { VI_1 VI_GATEWAY } } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 #公网ip网口 virtual_router_id 51 priority 150 advert_int 1 lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.214.70 #公网vip地址 } } vrrp_instance VI_GATEWAY { state MASTER interface eth1 #内网ip网口 lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth1 virtual_router_id 52 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.211.254 #内网vip地址 } } virtual_server 192.168.214.70 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind NAT #使用lvs的NAT工作模式 #nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 10 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.211.79 80 { TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 connect_port 80 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.211.83 80 { TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 connect_port 80 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } }
再看下211.77 keepalived BACKUP主机上的配置
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { [email protected] } notification_email_from [email protected] #smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_1 #lvs_id LVS_EXAMPLE_02 } vrrp_sync_group VG1 { group { VI_1 VI_GATEWAY } } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.214.70 } } vrrp_instance VI_GATEWAY { state BACKUP interface eth1 lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth1 virtual_router_id 52 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.211.254 } } virtual_server 192.168.214.70 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind NAT #nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 10 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.211.79 80 { TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 connect_port 80 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } real_server 192.168.211.83 80 { TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 connect_port 80 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } } }
六、后端真实机配置
后端两台web服务真实机192.168.211.79和192.168.211.83需要配置默认网关为vip内网ip地址192.168.211.254。
注意，线上环境如果更改默认网关为vip内网地址后，可能会造成连接不上服务器，需要提前添加相关静态路由。
七、启动keepalived服务及查看相关信息
在211.76和211.77上分别启动keepalived服务
在211.76keepalived Master主机上查看信息
通过ip addr可以看到vip 地址已经绑定在eth0和eth1网口
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen1000 link/ether 52:54:00:55:b2:d4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.214.76/24 brd 192.168.214.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.214.70/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe55:b2d4/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen1000 link/ether 52:54:00:85:11:95 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.211.76/24 brd 192.168.211.255 scope global eth1 inet 192.168.211.254/32 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe85:1195/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 在211.76上查看日志信息，看到已成功进入keepalived主机模式 [[email protected] ~]# tail -f/var/log/messages May 10 10:25:47 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) setting protocol VIPs. May 10 10:25:47 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6209]:Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.211.254 added May 10 10:25:47 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Sending gratuitous ARPs oneth1 for 192.168.211.254 May 10 10:25:47 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Group(VG1) Syncing instances to MASTER state May 10 10:25:47 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) EnteringMASTER STATE May 10 10:25:47 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. May 10 10:25:47 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6209]:Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.214.70 added May 10 10:25:47 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sendinggratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.214.70 May 10 10:25:52 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Sendinggratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.211.254 May 10 10:25:52 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6210]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for192.168.214.70
在211.77上查看日志信息，看到已成功进入keepalived备机模式
[[email protected] ~]# tail -f/var/log/messages May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6249]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6249]: Configuration is using : 69554 Bytes May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6249]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Entering BACKUP STATE May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]:VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)] May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(3), proto(112), unicast(0),fd(12,13)] May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Activating healthchecker for service[192.168.211.79]:80 May 10 10:27:54 localhostKeepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Activating healthchecker for service[192.168.211.83]:80
通过ipvsadm -L –n 查看相应lvs连接信息
[[email protected] ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.214.70:80 rr persistent 10
-> 192.168.211.79:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.211.83:80 Masq 1 3 0
八、keepalived测试
使用vip地址192.168.214.70访问后端192.168.211.79和192.168.211.83的页面
正常访问没问题后，我们来模拟lvs集群故障，让主备进行自动切换下
首先把keepalived master主机211.76宕机，看备机能否接管过来，vip地址是否会漂移过来
在211.77上查看日志，发现备机成功切换成了主机状态，vip地址成功漂移了过来
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1b:a2:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.214.77/24 brd 192.168.214.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.214.70/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe1b:a211/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:64:47:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.211.77/24 brd 192.168.211.255 scope global eth1
inet 192.168.211.254/32 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe64:477d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[[email protected] ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: Configuration is using : 69554 Bytes May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Entering BACKUP STATE May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)] May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(3), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(12,13)] May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.211.79]:80 May 10 10:27:54 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.211.83]:80 May 10 11:09:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE May 10 11:09:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Group(VG1) Syncing instances to MASTER state May 10 11:09:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Transition to MASTER STATE May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Entering MASTER STATE May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) setting protocol VIPs. May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.211.254 May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.211.254 added May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.214.70 May 10 11:09:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6248]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.214.70 added May 10 11:09:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_GATEWAY) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.211.254 May 10 11:09:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6249]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending
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