Servlet学习

Posted 2020-11-06 bsfl-study

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Servlet的三种创建方式

1.实现javax.servlet.Servlet接口(见一)

2.基础javax.servrt.GenericServler类(适配器模式，用哪个方法就写哪个，不需要所有父类方法都重写)

3.继承javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet类(模板方法设计，常用)

tomcat启动不起来的时候注意查看web.xml的配置文件

第二种方法例子：

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet{

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5102796265741373505L;

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("service");
    }

}

第三种方法例子：模板方法设计思想：多态

Servlet s = new ServletDemo3;

s.service() --> 如果ServletDemo3类中重写doget和dopost方法则调用这两方法，如果没有重写则调用父类的service方法。

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet{

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4123099903592371636L;
    
    //不能重写service方法，看源码service方法里面最后还是调用回了doget和dopost方法
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doget");
        System.out.println(req.getRemoteAddr());//获取requset的ip地址
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("dopost");
    }

}

web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">

<!-- 创建一个servlet实例 -->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlet.ServletDemo1</servlet-class>
    <!-- servlet在服务器启动时候就创建 -->
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    <!-- 数字越小优先级越高,0默认配置了一个 -->
</servlet>

<!-- 给servlet提供(映射)一个可供客户端访问的URI -->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo1</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo2</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlet.ServletDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo2</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlet.ServletDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- 欢迎页面 -->
<welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

servlet继承关系：

servlet --> GenericServlet --> HttpServlet --> 自定义servlet类

自动创建servlet，配置url：/demo4 http://loacalhost:8080/demo4

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletDemo4
 */
@WebServlet("/demo4")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ServletDemo4() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("post");
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

servlet映射细节：

一个servlet类可以对应多个url，如下都能找到ServletDemo3这个类：

http://localhost:8080/demo3 http://localhost:8080/demo33 http://localhost:8080/demo333都可

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo3</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo33</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo333</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

url通配：*.；/*，/action/*。三样都写上容易出问题。

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!-- 表示所有以.do结尾的都能找到ServletDemo3类，http://localhost:8080/xxx.do -->
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern><!-- 表示以/结尾都能找到ServletDemo3类，http://localhost:8080/ooo -->
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/action/*</url-pattern><!-- 表示以/action/*结尾都能找到ServletDemo3类，http://localhost:8080/action/ooo -->
  </servlet-mapping>