CentOS7下OpenLDAP统一认证的主从环境部署记录
Posted 散尽浮华
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下面测试的部署机ip地址为：192.168.10.205
1）yum安装OpenLDAP
[root@openldap-server ~]# yum install openldap openldap-* -y
2）配置ldap，包括准备DB_CONFIG和slapd.conf
[root@openldap-server ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG [root@openldap-server ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/slapd.conf.obsolete /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
3）生成ldap管理员密码
[root@openldap-server ~]# slappasswd -s ldap@123
{SSHA}b6YpCvRFWAWQdJpueuyzk79VXlikj4Z1
4）修改slapd.conf，主要配置dc和rootpw，rootpw配置上面设置的密码（rootpw必须顶格写，与后面的密码用Tab键分开!可以把文件中rootpw前面的#去掉之后进行配置）
[root@openldap-server ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak
[root@openldap-server ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" #管理LDAP中信息的最高权限，即管理员权限
......
rootpw {SSHA}b6YpCvRFWAWQdJpueuyzk79VXlikj4Z1
5）检测并重新生成ldap数据库
[root@openldap-server ~]# cd /etc/openldap/ [root@openldap-server openldap]# ls slapd.d/ cn=config cn=config.ldif [root@openldap-server openldap]# rm -rf slapd.d/* [root@openldap-server openldap]# ls slapd.d/ [root@openldap-server openldap]# 官方对于OpenLDAP2.4 ，不推荐使用 slapd.conf 作为配置文件。从这个版本开始所有配置数据都保存在 /etc/openldap/slapd.d/中 [root@openldap-server openldap]# rpm -qa|grep openldap openldap-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-servers-sql-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-devel-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-servers-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-clients-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 [root@openldap-server openldap]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/ 5b02d207 bdb_db_open: database "dc=kevin,dc=com": db_open(/var/lib/ldap/id2entry.bdb) failed: No such file or directory (2). 5b02d207 backend_startup_one (type=bdb, suffix="dc=kevin,dc=com"): bi_db_open failed! (2) slap_startup failed (test would succeed using the -u switch) [root@openldap-server openldap]# slaptest -u config file testing succeeded
6）修改相关ldap文件权限
[root@openldap-server openldap]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/ [root@openldap-server openldap]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
7）启动slapd服务
[root@openldap-server openldap]# service slapd start Starting slapd: [ OK ] [root@openldap-server openldap]# service slapd status slapd (pid 12896) is running... [root@openldap-server openldap]# lsof -i:389 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME slapd 12896 ldap 7u IPv4 702934 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN) slapd 12896 ldap 8u IPv6 702935 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
8）yum安装migrationtools
[root@openldap-server openldap]# yum install migrationtools -y
9）编辑/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph并修改相关配置
[root@openldap-server openldap]# cp /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph.bak [root@openldap-server openldap]# vim /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph ...... # Default DNS domain $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "kevin.com"; # Default base $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=kevin,dc=com"; [root@openldap-server openldap]# diff /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph.bak 71c71 < $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "kevin.com"; --- > $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "padl.com"; 74c74 < $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=kevin,dc=com"; --- > $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=padl,dc=com";
10）生成base.ldif
[root@openldap-server openldap]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl >base.ldif [root@openldap-server openldap]# cat base.ldif dn: dc=kevin,dc=com dc: kevin objectClass: top objectClass: domain dn: ou=Hosts,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Hosts objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Rpc,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Rpc objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Services,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Services objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: nisMapName=netgroup.byuser,dc=kevin,dc=com nismapname: netgroup.byuser objectClass: top objectClass: nisMap dn: ou=Mounts,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Mounts objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Networks,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Networks objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Netgroup,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Netgroup objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Protocols,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Protocols objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Aliases objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: nisMapName=netgroup.byhost,dc=kevin,dc=com nismapname: netgroup.byhost objectClass: top objectClass: nisMap
11）添加base.ldif到ldap（输入密码为上面创建的：ldap@123）
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -W -f ./base.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Hosts,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Rpc,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Services,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "nisMapName=netgroup.byuser,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Mounts,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Networks,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Netgroup,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Protocols,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "nisMapName=netgroup.byhost,dc=kevin,dc=com"
12）检查ldapadd是否成功（输入密码为上面创建的：ldap@123）（必须检查确认Manager数据添加了，才能通过phpldapAdmin登录）
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com" -W Enter LDAP Password: # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # Aliases, kevin.com dn: ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Aliases objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 2 # numEntries: 1
13）yum安装httpd及PhpLdapAdmin
[root@openldap-server openldap]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ukfast.co.uk/sites/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@openldap-server openldap]# yum install httpd phpldapadmin -y
14）配置/etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf允许从远程访问
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf #可以先把此文件cp备份一份 Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs <Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs> Order Deny,Allow Allow from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 #或者去掉下面这三行内容，表示运行所有客户机访问（本测试案例就去掉了这三行） Allow from ::1 Allow from 192.168.10.206 192.168.10.207 #允许哪些IP地址访问phpldapadmin </Directory>
15）修改/etc/phpldapadmin/config.php配置用DN登录
[root@openldap-server openldap]# cp /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php.bak [root@openldap-server openldap]# vim /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php ....... //$servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'uid\'); #注释掉这一行 $servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'dn\'); #添加这一行 [root@openldap-server openldap]# diff /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php.bak 398,399c398,399 < //$servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'uid\'); < $servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'dn\'); --- > $servers->setValue(\'login\',\'attr\',\'uid\'); >
16）启动httpd服务
[root@openldap-server openldap]# service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for openldap-server
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server\'s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]
[root@openldap-server openldap]# service httpd status
httpd (pid 13010) is running...
[root@openldap-server openldap]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd 13010 root 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13012 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13013 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13014 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13015 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13016 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13017 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13018 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13019 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
17）打开Web UI并登录LDAP（登录用户名为"cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"，密码为"ldap@123"）
18）导入新数据
[root@openldap-server openldap]# pwd
/etc/openldap
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim test.ldif
dn: ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
changetype: add
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: technology
dn: cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
changetype: add
objectclass: person
objectclass: organizationalPerson
objectclass: inetOrgPerson
cn: wang shibo
sn: wang
ou: technology
description: boy, man
description: man
uid: goodman
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f test.ldif
adding new entry "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"
adding new entry "cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"
============================================================
如果报错：
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f test.ldif
ldapadd: attributeDescription "dn": (possible missing newline after line 9, entry "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"?)
adding new entry "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"
ldap_add: Type or value exists (20)
additional info: ou: value #0 provided more than once
产生原因：test.ldif文件中的不规范的空格所致！！即导入的数据含有空格所致！
纠错如下：
dn:（空格）ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
changetype:（空格）add（结尾无空格）
objectclass:（空格）top（结尾无空格）
objectclass:（空格）organizationalUnit（结尾无空格）
ou:（空格）echnology（结尾无空格）
（1空行，空行必须要定格，不能留空格）（结尾无空格）
........（后面的配置内容纠正方法同样）
===========================================================
查看上面所导入的数据：
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#
# technology, kevin.com
dn: ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: technology
# wang shibo, technology, kevin.com
dn: cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: wang shibo
sn: wang
ou: technology
description: boy, man
description: man
uid: goodman
# search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success
# numResponses: 3
# numEntries: 2
可以登陆phpLDAPadmin的web界面查询新导入的数据
再次导入其他数据
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim test.ldif dn: cn=chenlu,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com changetype: add objectclass: person objectclass: organizationalPerson objectclass: inetOrgPerson cn: chenlu sn: chenlu ou: technology description: girl uid: UI Designer [root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f test.ldif adding new entry "cn=chenlu,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" [root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # technology, kevin.com dn: ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: technology # wang shibo, technology, kevin.com dn: cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: wang shibo sn: wang ou: technology description: boy, man description: man uid: goodman # chenlu, technology, kevin.com dn: cn=chenlu,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: chenlu sn: chenlu ou: technology description: girl uid: UI Designer # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 4 # numEntries: 3
===============OpenLDAP日志功能开启=================
1）需要在slapd.conf配置文件里加上日志行 ，这里的日志级别有很多种，这里选择256这个值的级别（主从节点都要打开openldap日志功能） [root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak3 [root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf #中间的空格用tab键分开 ....... loglevel 256 2）修改了配置文件，所有得重新生成配置文件的信息 [root@openldap-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/* [root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/ config file testing succeeded [root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -u config file testing succeeded [root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/ [root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/ 3）修改/etc/rsyslog.conf文件，加上下面内容 [root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf.bak [root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf ........ local4.* /var/log/slapd/slapd.log 4）创建日志文件目录，授权 [root@openldap-master ~]# mkdir /var/log/slapd [root@openldap-master ~]# chmod 755 /var/log/slapd/ [root@openldap-master ~]# chown ldap.ldap /var/log/slapd/ 5）重启syslog服务和slapd服务 [root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart Shutting down system logger: [ OK ] Starting system logger: [ OK ] [root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd restart Stopping slapd: [ OK ] Starting slapd: [ OK ] [root@openldap-master ~]# lsof -i:389 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME slapd 13773 ldap 7u IPv4 840484 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN) slapd 13773 ldap 8u IPv6 840485 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN) 6）查看openldap日志信息 [root@openldap-master ~]# tail -f /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
===============OpenLDAP主从模式配置=================
OpenLDAP主从同步的原理：当在主服务器上更新数据时，该更新通过更新日志记录，并将更新复制到从服务器上
OpenLdap v2.3之前的同步复制缺点
- slurpd守护进程是以推模式操作 : 主服务器推送变更的数据到从服务器 （不可靠）
- 对replog中的记录的次序极为敏感
- 很容易失去同步, 这时需要手工干预来从主目录重新同步从服务器数据库
- 如果一个从服务器长时间停机,replog可能变得太大以至于slurpd无法处理
- 只工作在推模式（也可以设置为拉模式,但是这种感觉类似于将master上的数据做了一个快捷连接到slave上）
- 需要停止和重新启动主服务器来增加从服务器
- 只支持单一主服务器复制（1台主对多从）
OpenLDAP v2.4之后的同步功能
新版最大的功能就是实现了双向复制，即双主、多主模式，无论哪一台master宕机，都不会影响使用。
新版主从配置有五种方式：
1）Syncrepl
该方式是slave服务器以拉的方式同步master的用户数据，这是基本也是最简单的openldap主从配置的方式。
该方式缺点：当修改一个条目中的一个属性值（or大批量的万级别的某1属性值），它不是简单的同步过来这些属性，而是把修改的条目一起同步更新来。
2）Delta-syncrepl
比上一条多了个功能：基于日志同步：
在master每更改1条记录，肯定会产生1条日志，那么slave会通过你的master日志进行相应的修改，这就克服了上一条的缺点。
3）N-Way Multi-Master
多主方式同步LDAP信息
4）MirrorMode
该方式是服务器互相推送信息的方式同步用户数据；MirrorMode只支持2个主master（2个主master可以+N个slave），但是你如果非得加了3 、4 台master后，
那么其余的都只能从前2台master上获取数据，而不能将本身的数据推送过去。如果你有类似需求，也可以使用这个方式。（比如，你企业分散点多，然后不希望
都具有修改功能，可以使用它）
5）Syncrepl Proxy
代理同步。意思是将主master隐藏起来，而代理机上边通过Syncrepl从master主机以拉的方式同步master用户数据，当代理主机发生改变时，代理主机的LDAP
又以推的方式将数据更新到下属的slave LDAP服务器上。slave LDAP 只有对代理LDAP服务器的读权限。
Syncrepl同步解释
由于syncrepl为拉取模式（到master拉数据），所以配置文件配置slave端的slapd.conf文件即可。初始化操作2种：
1）通过配置文件，当开启syncrepl引擎后会到master拉数据；
2）从主服务器备份数据，复制到slave。当从备份数据初始化的时候，不必担心数据老，因为syncrepl会自动进行校验，然后进行相应的修改、同步。
（当复制一个大规模的“条录”，建议从备份初始化）
需要注意的是：slave是使用读写权限到master中进行同步的！
基于上面的部署，上面的测试机192.168.10.205作为openldap-master主节点，新增一台服务器192.168.10.206作为openldap-slave从节点。OpenLDAP主从配置如下：
1）基础环境
192.168.10.205 openldap-master 192.168.10.206 openldap-slave 绑定hosts（两个节点机器上都要操作） [root@openldap-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts ...... 192.168.10.205 openldap-master 192.168.10.206 openldap-slave 关闭两个节点机器的防火墙和selinux（两个节点机器上都要操作） [root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop [root@openldap-master ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@openldap-master ~]# chkconfig --list|grep iptables iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off 同步系统时间（两个节点机器上都要操作） [root@openldap-master ~]# yum install -y ntpdate [root@openldap-master ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
2）Openldap-slave从节点同样安装和配置OpenLDAP和PhpLdapAdmin（和上面安装即配置步骤一样，在此省略）。为了测试效果，设置从节点的密码为123@ldap
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slappasswd -s 123@ldap
{SSHA}X3wlj1uJmB50FM4rNN4869VCeMd92Pcr
3）Openldap-master主节点和Openldap-slave从节点的PhpLdapAdmin和http配置一样
4）OpenLDAP的主从配置
-----------------------------------------------------------------
penldap-master主节点的配置如下：
[root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak2
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf #在文件底部添加下面同步配置（之前的配置不动）
......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap #一定要打开这几行的注释
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
#replication
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
overlay syncprov
syncprov-nopresent TRUE
syncprov-reloadhint TRUE
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
重新生成主节点的配置文件
[root@openldap-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 13214 ldap 7u IPv4 763380 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 13214 ldap 8u IPv6 763381 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
----------------------------------------------------------------
penldap-slave从节点的配置如下：
[root@openldap-slave ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak2
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap #一定要打开这几行的注释
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
.......
rootpw {SSHA}X3wlj1uJmB50FM4rNN4869VCeMd92Pcr
.......
# slave replica statement start
syncrepl rid=123
provider=ldap://192.168.10.205:389
type=refreshOnly
interval=00:00:00:01
searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com"
scope=sub
attrs="*"
schemachecking=off
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
credentials=ldap@123
重新生成从节点的配置文件
[root@openldap-slave ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
5b02f6ae syncrepl rid=123 searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com": no retry defined, using default
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -u
5b02f6b4 syncrepl rid=123 searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com": no retry defined, using default
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Checking configuration files for slapd: [WARNING]
5b02f6c6 syncrepl rid=123 searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com": no retry defined, using default
config file testing succeeded
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-slave ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 14329 ldap 7u IPv4 4803594 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 14329 ldap 8u IPv6 4803595 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
5）登陆openldap-slave从节点的phpLDAPadmin的web界面（http://192.168.10.206/phpldapadmin），发现已经将上面openldap-master主节点新导入的数据同步过来了
6）导入新数据测试主从同步效果
温馨提示：由于在syncrepl中slave是refreshOnly，相当于从节点是只读的，这时不允许在从节点导入或者删除用户，否则会出现错误！ 因为只能在master主节点上导入数据： 前面已经编辑了base.ldif，并导入了该文件中定义的数据了（即dc=kevin,dc=com、ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com、ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com等） [root@openldap-master openldap]# pwd /etc/openldap [root@openldap-master openldap]# cat group.ldif dn: cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user1 userPassword: kevin123 gidNumber: 10011 dn: cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user2 userPassword: kevin123 gidNumber: 10012 dn: cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user3 userPassword: kevin123 gidNumber: 10013 [root@openldap-master openldap]# cat people.ldif dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10011 gidNumber: 10011 homeDirectory: /home/user1 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user2 cn: user2 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10012 gidNumber: 10012 homeDirectory: /home/user2 dn: uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user3 cn: user3 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10013 gidNumber: 10013 homeDirectory: /home/user3 执行数据导入 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f group.ldif adding new entry "cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f people.ldif adding new entry "uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" openldap-master主节点查看 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 现在在openldap-slave从节点上查看（注意这里的从节点设置的ldap密码是123@ldap，和主节点的ldap密码不一样）： [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # People, kevin.com dn: ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # user1, People, kevin.com dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10011 gidNumber: 10011 homeDirectory: /home/user1 # user2, People, kevin.com dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user2 cn: user2 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10012 gidNumber: 10012 homeDirectory: /home/user2 # user3, People, kevin.com dn: uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user3 cn: user3 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10013 gidNumber: 10013 homeDirectory: /home/user3 # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 5 # numEntries: 4 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # Group, kevin.com dn: ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # user1, Group, kevin.com dn: cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user1 userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= gidNumber: 10011 # user2, Group, kevin.com dn: cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user2 userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= gidNumber: 10012 # user3, Group, kevin.com dn: cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user3 userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= gidNumber: 10013 # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 5 # numEntries: 4 由上面slave从节点查看到的数据可知，slave从节点已经将master主节点新导入的输入同步过来了！即主从同步已成功了！
登录openldap-slave从节点的phpLDAPadmin，（退出并重新登录master和slave节点的phpLDAPadmin，就能发现上面新导入的数据了）也可以看到从openldap-master主节点同步过来的数据（可以从slave的openldap日志/var/log/slapd/slapd.log文件中查看数据同步情况）
在openldap-master主节点上删除数据，比如删除上面在People组内创建的用户user1和user3
[root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapdelete -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" "uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapdelete -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" "uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 ======================================================================== 如果命令执行后报错：ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) 基本就是由于密码输入不对或ldif文件配置不对造成的 ========================================================================= 查看下openldap-master主节点的ldap目录中的以上数据是否删除 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.205:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user1 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.205:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user3 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.205:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user2 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com 然后在openldap-slave从节点上查看，发现从节点的ldap目录中People组内也没有用户user1和user3了 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.206:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user1 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.206:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user3 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.206:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user2 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com 说明主从节点完成了同步！ 退出并重新登录openldap-master主节点或openldap-slave从节点的phpLDAPadmin，就能看到删除的数据已经不再了。
可以在主节点的phpLDAPadmin的web界面里进行增加、删除、修改等更新操作；可以将phpLDAPadmin左边栏用不到的条目删除（也可以不删除，以备后续使用）；可以将phpLDAPadmin中已存在的条目导出Ldif文件格式，将内容复制出来，然后在master节点上编写新的ldif文件（在复制的内容上根据自己的需要修改下即可）。
=========OpenLDAP+Keepalive主主模式（Mirror Mode）高可用环境配置==========
openldap主主模式配置目的
使用openldap本身的配置来完成openldap之间的同步，包括在openldap的主服务器上添加，修改，删除用户时，从服务器上也和主服务器上完成相同的操作。在从服务器上添加，修改，删除用户时，主服务器上也完成一样的操作。从而保证数据在主从openldap服务器上的一致。
openldap主主模式原理
其实现原理如下图，当在主服务器上更新数据时，该更新通过更新日志记录，并将更新复制到从服务器上。当在从服务器上更新数据时，该更新请求将重定向给主服务器，然后主服务器将更新数据复制到从服务器。
基于上面两台机器192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206安装的openldap环境，现在想要实现keepalived+openldap主主模式（Mirror Mode）模式，配置记录如下：
1）192.168.10.205节点的slapd.conf配置
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
.......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
......
rootpw {SSHA}b6YpCvRFWAWQdJpueuyzk79VXlikj4Z1
......
loglevel 256
......
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
#replication
overlay syncprov
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
serverID 1
syncrepl rid=002
provider=ldap://192.168.10.206:389
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
credentials=123@ldap #填写的是对方机器的openldap的密码，不是自己的openldap密码
searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com"
schemachecking=on
filter="(objectClass=*)"
scope=sub
schemachecking=off
type=refreshAndPersist
retry="60 +"
mirrormode on
重新生成该节点的配置文件
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
[root@openldap-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 14047 ldap 7u IPv4 846134 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 14047 ldap 8u IPv6 846135 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
2）192.168.10.206节点的slapd.conf配置
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
.......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
......
rootpw {SSHA}X3wlj1uJmB50FM4rNN4869VCeMd92Pcr
......
loglevel 256
......
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
#replication
overlay syncprov
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
serverID 2 #该ID一定不能跟另一个节点的ID相同
syncrepl rid=002 #该rid一定要跟另一个节点的rid配置相同
provider=ldap://192.168.10.205:389
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
credentials=ldap@123 #填写的是对方机器的openldap的密码，不是自己的openldap密码
searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com"
schemachecking=on
filter="(objectClass=*)"
scope=sub
schemachecking=off
type=refreshAndPersist
retry="60 +"
mirrormode on
重新生成该节点的配置文件
[root@openldap-slave ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-slave ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 30022 ldap 7u IPv4 4984193 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 30022 ldap 8u IPv6 4984194 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 30022 ldap 11u IPv4 4984206 0t0 TCP openldap-slave:42138->openldap-master:ldap (ESTABLISHED)
3）在192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206节点上各自导入新数据，然后测试主主同步是否生效
现在192.168.10.205节点上导入新数据 [root@openldap-master ~]# cat /etc/openldap/people.ldif dn: uid=ops,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: ops cn: ops objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10033 gidNumber: 10033 homeDirectory: /home/ops [root@openldap-master ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f /etc/openldap/people.ldif adding new entry "uid=ops,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" 在192.168.10.206节点上查看自己的ldap目录里是否同步过来数据了 [root@openldap-slave ~]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap|grep uid=ops dn: uid=ops,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com 说明从192.168.10.205节点到192.168.10.206节点的数据同步是成功的！ 接着在192.168.10.206节点上导入新数据 [root@openldap-slave ~]# cat /etc/openldap/add.ldif dn: cn=wangqiuzhe,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com cn: wangqiuzhe description: man description: boy objectclass: person objectclass: organizationalPerson objectclass: inetOrgPerson ou: technology sn: wang uid: anan [root@openldap-slave ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap -f /etc/openldap/add.ldif adding new entry "cn=wangqiuzhe,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" 在192.168.10.205节点上查看自己的ldap目录里是否同步过来数据了 [root@openldap-master ~]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123|grep cn=wangqiuzhe dn: cn=wangqiuzhe,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com 说明从192.168.10.206节点到192.168.10.205节点的数据同步也是成功的！登录各自的phpldapadmin界面里也可以操作数据已测试同步效果。 到此说明，两个节点的openldap主主同步已经完成了！
4）在192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206两个节点上均安装keepalived，结合keepalived配置实现vip故障转移，即对外提供一个统一的地址。
keepalived安装（192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206两节点都要操作）
[root@openldap-master ~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[root@openldap-master ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@openldap-master src]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
[root@openldap-master src]# tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
[root@openldap-master src]# cd keepalived-1.3.2
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# ./configure && make && make install
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# chkconfig --list|grep keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
===============配置keepalived.conf（VIP地址为192.168.10.228）=============
接着看下192.168.10.205节点的keepalived配置：
[root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server localhost
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LDAP-205
}
vrrp_script chk_ldap_port {
script "/opt/chk_ldap.sh"
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.205
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.208
}
track_script {
chk_ldap_port
}
}
编写openldap监控脚本
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /opt/chk_ldap.sh
#!/bin/bash
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/slapd start
sleep 2
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
fi
[root@openldap-master ~]# chmod 755 /opt/chk_ldap.sh
=====================================================
接着看下192.168.10.206的keepalived.conf配置
[root@openldap-slave ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server localhost
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LDAP-206
}
vrrp_script chk_ldap_port {
script "/opt/chk_ldap.sh"
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.206
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.208
}
track_script {
chk_ldap_port
}
}
编写openldap监控脚本
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /opt/chk_ldap.sh
#!/bin/bash
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/slapd start
sleep 2
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
fi
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chmod 755 /opt/chk_ldap.sh
==================================================
接着启动192.168.10.205 和 192.168.10.206两节点的keepalived服务
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 17790 1 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 17791 17790 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 17792 17790 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 17943 13447 0 16:16 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:9c:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.205/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.208/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:9c93/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@openldap-slave ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-slave ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 2635 1 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 2636 2635 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 2637 2635 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 2650 24277 0 16:11 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-slave ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:dd:84:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.206/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fedd:846b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
由上面信息可以看出，目前的VIP资源在192.168.10.205节点机器上
5）故障切换测试
关闭192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206两个节点的slapd服务，默认每2秒钟会进行一次脚本检查（/opt/chk_ldap.sh），当
检查到slapd服务关闭后，会第一时间执行/opt/chk_ldap.sh脚本去自启动slapd服务。
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd stop
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep slapd
root 18755 13447 0 16:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep slapd
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep slapd
ldap 18795 1 0 16:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap:/// ldapi:/// -u ldap
root 18803 13447 0 16:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep slapd
当发现slapd服务自启动失败时，就会自动kill掉自己的keepalived服务，从而将VIP资源自动切换到另一个节点上。
关闭192.168.10.205节点的keepalived服务，会发现VIP资源自动切换到192.168.10.206节点上
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 19074 13447 0 16:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:9c:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.205/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:9c93/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@openldap-slave ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:dd:84:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.206/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.208/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fedd:846b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
当192.168.10.205节点的keepalived服务恢复后，VIP资源就会再次切换回来
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 19084 1 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 19085 19084 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 19087 19084 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 19099 13447 0 16:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:9c:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.205/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.208/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:9c93/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
这样，192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206两个节点就能对外提供统一的地址：192.168.10.208。
不管是在哪个节点上更新的数据，在客户端连接192.168.10.208的vip地址都能访问到。
注意：
如果192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206两个节点的openldap登录密码不一致，那么：
当VIP在192.168.10.205节点上时，使用192.168.10.208地址访问phpldapadmin，密码就是192.168.10.205节点的openldap密码
当VIP在192.168.10.206节点上时，使用192.168.10.208地址访问phpldapadmin，密码就是192.168.10.206节点的openldap密码
可以在两个节点上导入新数据，然后在客户端通过192.168.10.208访问ldap，测试下是否能读到新数据。
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