SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file \'/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/initepps.ora\'
[oracle@gettestlnx01 ignite]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/
发现在 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/下找不到initepps.ora文件,于是去$ORACLE_HOME/admin/ignite/pfile下，找到文件init.ora.1242014234024，然后将文件拷贝到/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/目录下，并重命名为initepps.ora后，重启数据，问题解决！
[oracle@gettestlnx01 dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/ignite/pfile
[oracle@gettestlnx01 pfile]$ ls
init.ora.1242014234024
[oracle@gettestlnx01 pfile]$ cp init.ora.1242014234024 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/dbs/initepps.ora
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1870647296 bytes
Fixed Size 2289640 bytes
Variable Size 587202584 bytes
Database Buffers 1275068416 bytes
Redo Buffers 6086656 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.