12864点阵液晶显示
Posted Treysure
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1系统12864点阵型液晶显示屏的基本原理
12864点阵图形液晶显示器应用，一种通过C51编程实现对LCD12864液晶屏的控制，液晶显示器（LCD）具有低工作电压、微功耗、显示灵活、成本低等特点。
数字电路中数据以0和1保存，对LCD控制器进行不同的数据操作，可以得到不同的结果。对于显示英文操作，由于英文字母种类少只需要8位（一字节）即可。而对于中文，常用却有6000以上，于是我们的DOS前辈想了一个办法，就是将ASCII表的高128个很少用到的数值以两个为一组来表示汉字，即汉字的内码。而剩下的低128位则留给英文字符使用，即英文的内码。
得到了汉字的内码后，利用文字的字模，即用数字的各位信息来记载英文或汉字的形状，如英文的'A'在字模的记载方式如图1所示：
而中文的“你”在字模中的记载却如图2所示：
2. 汉字图形点阵液晶显示模块（QC12864B）主要技术参数和显示特性：
① QC12864B汉字图形点阵液晶显示模块，可显示汉字及图形
② 内置 8192个中文汉字（16X16点阵）、128个字符（8X16点阵）及 64X256点阵显示 RAM（GDRAM）
③ 电源：VDD 3.3V~+5V(内置升压电路，无需负压)；显示内容：128列× 64 行
④ 显示颜色：黄绿屏，蓝屏
⑤ 显示角度：6：00钟直视
⑥ LCD类型：STN
⑦ 与 MCU接口：8位并口或串行配置 LED背光
⑧ 多种软件功能：光标显示、画面移位、自定义字符、睡眠模式等
3.QC12864B读写操作时序：
模块有并行和串行两种连接方法（时序如下）：
一、8 位并行连接时序图
MPU 写资料到模块如图4所示：
图4 MPU写资料到模块图
①MPU 从模块读出资料如图5所示：
图5 MPU从模块读出资料图
二、串行连接时序图
串行数据传送共分三个字节完成：
第一字节：串口控制—格式11111ABC
① A 为数据传送方向控制：H 表示数据从 LCD 到 MCU，L 表示数据从 MCU 到 LCD
② B 为数据类型选择：H 表示数据是显示数据，L 表示数据是控制指令
③ C 固定为 0
第二字节： (并行)8 位数据的高 4 位—格式 DDDD0000
第三字节： (并行)8 位数据的低 4 位—格式 0000DDDD 串行接口时序参数：(测试条件：T=25℃ VDD=5.0V)
4.QC12864B点阵型LCD引脚功能说明：
表1 12864LCD的引脚说明
| 管脚号 | 管脚名称 | LEVER | 管脚功能描述 |
| 1 | VSS | 0 | 电源地 |
| 2 | VDD | +5.0V | 电源电压 |
| 3 | V0 | - | 液晶显示器驱动电压 |
| 4 | D/I(RS) | H/L | D/I=“H”，表示DB7∽DB0为显示数据 D/I=“L”，表示DB7∽DB0为显示指令数据 |
| 5 | R/W | H/L | R/W=“H”，E=“H”数据被读到DB7∽DB0 R/W=“L”，E=“H→L”数据被写到IR或DR |
| 6 | E | H/L | R/W=“L”，E信号下降沿锁存DB7∽DB0 R/W=“H”，E=“H”DDRAM数据读到DB7∽DB0 |
| 7 | DB0-DB7 | H/L | 数据线 |
| 8 | CS1 | H/L | H:选择芯片(左半屏)信号 |
| 9 | CS2 | H/L | H:选择芯片(右半屏)信号 |
| 10 | RET | H/L | 复位信号,低电平复位 |
| 11 | VOUT | -10V | LCD驱动负电压 |
| 12 | LED+ | - | LED背光板电源 |
| 13 | LED- | - | LED背光板电源 |
说明：12864点阵型液晶 C语言程序（可根据自己意愿设定指定点）
/**********************电子系统设计C51编程************************
* 平台：BST-V51 + Keil U4 + STC89S52
* 名称：本程序驱动12864显示一幅图片（包含英文字符、汉字、图形）
* 日期：很久很久以前
* 晶振：11.0592MHZ
* 说明：电子小玩
* 编写：Sure
******************************************************************/
#include <reg51.h>
#include <intrins.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
/*12864端口定义*/
#define LCD_data P0 //数据口
sbit LCD_RS = P1^0; //寄存器选择输入
sbit LCD_RW = P1^1; //液晶读/写控制
sbit LCD_EN = P2^5; //液晶使能控制
sbit LCD_PSB = P1^2; //串/并方式控制
unsigned char code zhu[]= //图片代码
{ 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x3E,0x03,0xE0,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0xFF,0x8F,0xF8,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xFF,0xDF,0xFC,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3C,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,
0xFF,0xF9,0xFF,0x18,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,
0xFF,0xFC,0xFF,0x18,0xFE,0x3C,0x74,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x07,0x9C,0x70,0x0F,
0xFF,0xFE,0x7F,0x18,0xFE,0x02,0x2A,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x07,0xBE,0x71,0x8F,
0xC0,0x3F,0x3F,0x18,0xFE,0x3E,0x2A,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x07,0xF7,0x73,0xCF,
0xFF,0xFE,0x7F,0x18,0xFE,0x42,0x2A,0x0F,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xE3,0x76,0x6F,
0xFF,0xC1,0xFF,0x3C,0xFE,0x42,0x2A,0x0F,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xF7,0x06,0x6F,
0xFF,0xBE,0xFF,0x00,0xFE,0x3D,0x6B,0x0F,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xBE,0x73,0xCE,
0xFF,0xBF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0xF3,0x9C,0xF9,0x8E,
0xFF,0xBF,0x99,0x89,0xC1,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x0F,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0x81,0xFC,0x0E, 0xF1,0xC1,0xD1,0xE6,0xBE,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x0B,0xC0,0x04,0x7F,0xFD,0xF9,0xFC,0xFC, 0xFF,0xFE,0xDD,0xEF,0x80,0xFC,0x00,0x03,0x63,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFC,0xFD,0xFD,0xF8, 0xFF,0xFE,0xDD,0xEF,0xBF,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0xF3,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFC,0x7C,0xF9,0xF8, 0xFF,0xBE,0xD9,0xEF,0xBE,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0xF3,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFC,0x7C,0x71,0xF0, 0xFF,0xC1,0xE4,0x83,0xC1,0x80,0x00,0x01,0x7F,0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFC,0x1D,0x05,0xE0, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x7E,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x0D,0xFD,0x80, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x7E,0x00,0x7F,0xFF,0xE4,0x07,0xFF,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xF8,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xE5,0xF9,0xFC,0x00, 0xFF,0xE3,0xAF,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xBF,0xF8,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0xFE,0x70,0x00,
0xFF,0xE3,0x9F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x1F,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xCF,0xFF,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xC3,0x8F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x3E,0x4F,0xF0,0x00,0xFF,0xFC,0x0F,0xFF,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xC3,0x8F,0x00,0x00,0x10,0xFE,0x0F,0xE0,0x01,0xFF,0xE0,0x0F,0xFF,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0x03,0x13,0x80,0x00,0x03,0xFC,0x8F,0xE0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xC7,0xFE,0x00,0x00,
0xFF,0x04,0x12,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x0F,0x80,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xC5,0xF8,0x00,0x00, 0xFE,0x0C,0x17,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3E,0x00,0x07,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0xF0,0x0E,0x00, 0xFE,0x1E,0x67,0x7E,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x07,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0xF8,0x1F,0x00, 0xFC,0x1C,0x42,0x7F,0x00,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xC1,0xF8,0x3F,0x80, 0xFE,0x08,0x48,0x7F,0x40,0x01,0x78,0x10,0xC0,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xC1,0xF8,0x7F,0xC0, 0xFE,0x08,0x08,0x7F,0x40,0x01,0x78,0x10,0xC0,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xC1,0xF8,0xFF,0xE0, 0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x80,0x3D,0xBF,0xFF,0xC1,0xF9,0xFF,0xF0,
0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0xC0,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x39,0x3F,0xFF,0xC1,0xF9,0xFB,0xF0, 0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x71,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x39,0x3F,0xFA,0x41,0xF9,0xFF,0xF0, 0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x60,0x30,0x01,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x1B,0x02,0x41,0xF8,0xFF,0xE0, 0xFF,0xC8,0x00,0x00,0x31,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x41,0xF8,0x7F,0xC0, 0xFF,0xC4,0xFE,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x07,0xC7,0xC2,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x01,0xF8,0x3F,0x80, 0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x0F,0xE0,0x3F,0x9C,0x0F,0x80,0x00,0x04,0x01,0xF8,0x1F,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x10,0x0F,0xC0,0x7E,0x3F,0xE7,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF8,0x0E,0x00,
0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1E,0x0F,0xE0,0x70,0x3F,0xE0,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF8,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x1E,0x1D,0xE0,0x77,0x00,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF8,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x03,0x99,0xE0,0xE7,0x36,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFC,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x3F,0xF0,0xC3,0x36,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x73,0xFC,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x18,0x7B,0x79,0xC3,0x32,0xF0,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xA3,0xFC,0x0E,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x1E,0x63,0x3D,0xFF,0x77,0xF0,0x00,0xDF,0xFF,0xA3,0xFC,0x1F,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x1D,0x9F,0xE1,0xFF,0xF0,0x06,0x8D,0xDF,0xFF,0xB3,0xFC,0x7F,0xC0, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0x07,0x5F,0xE0,0x03,0x30,0x7F,0x89,0xDF,0xFF,0xF3,0xFC,0xFF,0xE0, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x03,0x33,0x7F,0x89,0xDF,0xFF,0xF3,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x2B,0x60,0x03,0x33,0x3F,0x09,0xDF,0xFF,0x93,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1E,0x3B,0x70,0x0F,0x3B,0xFF,0x09,0xFF,0xFF,0xD3,0xFF,0xF1,0xFC,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1E,0x7B,0x30,0x3F,0x3C,0x37,0x89,0x80,0x0F,0xD3,0xFF,0xE0,0xFC, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xB6,0x57,0x39,0xFB,0x03,0xB3,0x89,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xE0,0xFC, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xA7,0x9F,0x3D,0xE3,0x07,0xB3,0x89,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xE0,0xF8, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0x87,0x3D,0xC7,0x7D,0xB0,0x89,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xE0,0xF8,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0x87,0x01,0x87,0x7C,0x30,0x08,0x1F,0x00,0x03,0xFD,0xFF,0xF8,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF7,0x87,0xC1,0x07,0x60,0xF0,0x10,0x3F,0xFF,0xDB,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x63,0xF4,0x30,0x3F,0xFF,0xDF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x04,0x70,0x3F,0xFF,0xD7,0xFE,0xFF,0xE0, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x01,0xF0,0x3F,0xFF,0xD7,0xFE,0xFF,0xE0,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x40,0x1F,0xF0,0x00,0x3F,0xE7,0xFE,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF1,0x00,0x00,0xE7,0xFE,0x00,0x00, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x07,0xFE,0x00,0x00,
0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0x07,0xFE,0x00,0x00
};
#define delayNOP(); {_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();};
void delay0(uchar x); //x*0.14MS
void dataconv();
void lcd_pos(uchar X,uchar Y); //确定显示位置
void delay(int ms)
{ while(ms--)
{
uchar i;
for(i=0;i<250;i++)
{ _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); }
}
}
/*******************************************************************/
/* */
/*检查LCD忙状态 */
/*lcd_busy为1时，忙，等待。lcd-busy为0时,闲，可写指令与数据。 */
/* */
/*******************************************************************/
bit lcd_busy()
{ bit result;
LCD_RS = 0;
LCD_RW = 1;
LCD_EN = 1;
delayNOP();
result = (bit)(P0&0x80);
LCD_EN = 0;
return(result);
}
/*******************************************************************/
/*写指令数据到LCD */
/*RS=L，RW=L，E=高脉冲，D0-D7=指令码。 */
/*******************************************************************/
void lcd_wcmd(uchar cmd)
{
while(lcd_busy());
LCD_RS = 0;
LCD_RW = 0;
LCD_EN = 0;
_nop_(); _nop_();
P0 = cmd;
delayNOP();
LCD_EN = 1;
delayNOP();
LCD_EN = 0;
}
/*******************************************************************/
/* */
/*写显示数据到LCD */
/*RS=H，RW=L，E=高脉冲，D0-D7=数据。 */
/* */
/*******************************************************************/
void lcd_wdat(uchar dat)
{
while(lcd_busy());
LCD_RS = 1;
LCD_RW = 0;
LCD_EN = 0;
P0 = dat;
delayNOP();
LCD_EN = 1;
delayNOP();
LCD_EN = 0;
}
/*******************************************************************/
/* */
/* LCD初始化设定 */
/* */
/*******************************************************************/
void lcd_init()
{
LCD_PSB = 1; //并口方式
lcd_wcmd(0x34); //扩充指令操作
delay(5);
lcd_wcmd(0x30); //基本指令操作
delay(5);
lcd_wcmd(0x0C); //显示开，关光标
delay(5);
lcd_wcmd(0x01); //清除LCD的显示内容
delay(5);
}
/*******************************************
函数名称:Draw_PM
功 能:在整个液晶屏幕上画图
参 数:无
返回值 :无
********************************************/
void Draw_PM(const uchar *ptr)
{
uchar i,j,k;
lcd_wcmd(0x34); //打开扩展指令集
i = 0x80;
for(j = 0;j < 32;j++)
{
lcd_wcmd(i++);
lcd_wcmd(0x80);
for(k = 0;k < 16;k++)
{ lcd_wdat(*ptr++);}
}
i = 0x80;
for(j = 0;j < 32;j++)
{ lcd_wcmd(i++);
lcd_wcmd(0x88);
for(k = 0;k < 16;k++)
{ lcd_wdat(*ptr++); }
}
lcd_wcmd(0x36); //打开绘图显示
lcd_wcmd(0x30); //回到基本指令集
}
main()
{ lcd_init(); //初始化LCD
Draw_PM(zhu); //显示设定的图片
while(1);
}实物图
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