day5 字典的基本操作

Posted feige6

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字典:

字典的基本概念:

  字典是python中唯一的映射类型,采用键值对(key-value)的形式存储数据。python对key进行哈希函数运算,根据计算的结果决定value的存储地址,所以字典是无序存储的,且key必须是可哈希的。可哈希表示key必须是不可变类型,如:数字、字符串、元组。

  字典(dictionary)是除列表意外python之中最灵活的内置数据结构类型。列表是有序的对象结合,字典是无序的对象集合。两者之间的区别在于:字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的,而不是通过索引存取

1增:

 

dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
dict[job] = IT#有就覆盖,没有就添加
print(dict)#{‘name‘: ‘wangjifei‘, ‘age‘: 27, ‘hometown‘: ‘xingtai‘, ‘job‘: ‘IT‘}
#setdefault 在字典中添加键值对,如果只有键那对应的值是none,但是如果原字典中存在设置的键值对,则他不会更改或者覆盖。
dict.setdefault(hometown,xingtai)
print(dict)#{‘name‘: ‘wangjifei‘, ‘age‘: 27, ‘hometown‘: ‘xingtai‘, ‘job‘: ‘IT‘}
dict.setdefault(name,gaoliang)
print(dict)#{‘name‘: ‘wangjifei‘, ‘age‘: 27, ‘hometown‘: ‘xingtai‘, ‘job‘: ‘IT‘}

 2、删

dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
s = dict.pop(age)#返回删除的value
s2 = dict.pop(hobby,没有返回no)#若删除的键不存在,可以返回添加的任何信息,没有信息就报错
print(dict)
print(s)
print(s2)
dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
s1 = dict.popitem()# 随机删除字典中的某个键值对,将删除的键值对以元祖的形式返回
print(s1)#(‘hometown‘, ‘xingtai‘)
print(dict)#{‘name‘: ‘wangjifei‘, ‘age‘: 27}
del dict[name]#无返回值
del dict#删除整个字典

3、改:

dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
dic = {name:gaoliang,hobby:girl}

dict[name] = gaoliang#有则覆盖没有就添加
print(dict)#{‘name‘: ‘gaoliang‘, ‘age‘: 27, ‘hometown‘: ‘xingtai‘}
dic = {name:gaoliang,hobby:girl}
dict.update(dic)#两个字典的更新,将dic里面的所有键值对,覆盖添加到dict中,dic不变
print(dict)#{‘name‘: ‘gaoliang‘, ‘age‘: 27, ‘hometown‘: ‘xingtai‘, ‘hobby‘: ‘girl‘}
print(dic)#{‘name‘: ‘gaoliang‘, ‘hobby‘: ‘girl‘}

4、查:

dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
print(dict[name])#wangjifei#key值查找
print(dict.get(age))#27  #内置函数查找,找到返回value。没有key就返回None
print(dict.get(hobby,没有此键))#没有此键   #key在字典里就返回对应的value,没有就返回添加的内容,没有添加内容就返回None
dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}

print(dict.keys(),type(dict.keys()))
print(dict.values(),type(dict.values()))
print(dict.items(),type(dict.items()))

》》》

dict_keys([‘name‘, ‘age‘, ‘hometown‘]) <class ‘dict_keys‘>
dict_values([‘wangjifei‘, 27, ‘xingtai‘]) <class ‘dict_values‘>
dict_items([(‘name‘, ‘wangjifei‘), (‘age‘, 27), (‘hometown‘, ‘xingtai‘)]) <class ‘dict_items‘>

for循环遍历查找字典:

第一种:

dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
for i,v in dict.items():
    print(i,v)

》》》

name wangjifei
age 27
hometown xingtai

第二种:

dict = {name: wangjifei,age:27,hometown:xingtai}
for i in dict:
    print(i,dict[i])

》》》

name wangjifei
age 27
hometown xingtai

分别赋值法:

a,b = 1,3
print(a,a)
print(b,b)
a,b
= b, a print(a,a) print(b,b)

》》》

a 1
b 3
a 3
b 1

 

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