[GitHub]How to undo the most recent commits in Git?

Posted 2020-08-18

 

原文地址：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/927358/how-to-undo-the-most-recent-commits-in-git/927386#927386

git reset最详尽介绍：https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset

 

总结一下：

git reset --hard HEAD~1
git push --force

值得注意的是，这类操作比较比较危险，例如：在你的commit之后别人又提交了新的commit，那在你强制推送之后，那位仁兄的commit也跟着一起消失了。

 

Undoing a commit is a little scary if you don‘t know how it works. But it‘s actually amazingly easy if you do understand.

Say you have this, where C is your HEAD and (F) is the state of your files.

   (F)
A-B-C
    ↑
  master

You want to nuke commit C and never see it again. You do this:

git reset --hard HEAD~1

The result is:

 (F)
A-B
  ↑
master

Now B is the HEAD. Because you used --hard, your files are reset to their state at commit B.

Ah, but suppose commit C wasn‘t a disaster, but just a bit off. You want to undo the commit but keep your changes for a bit of editing before you do a better commit. Starting again from here, with C as your HEAD:

   (F)
A-B-C
    ↑
  master

You can do this, leaving off the --hard:

git reset HEAD~1

In this case the result is:

   (F)
A-B-C
  ↑
master

In both cases, HEAD is just a pointer to the latest commit. When you do a git reset HEAD~1, you tell Git to move the HEAD pointer back one commit. But (unless you use --hard) you leave your files as they were. So now git status shows the changes you had checked into C. You haven‘t lost a thing!

For the lightest touch, you can even undo your commit but leave your files and your index:

git reset --soft HEAD~1

This not only leaves your files alone, it even leaves your index alone. When you do git status, you‘ll see that the same files are in the index as before. In fact, right after this command, you could do git commit and you‘d be redoing the same commit you just had.

One more thing: Suppose you destroy a commit as in the first example, but then discover you needed it after all? Tough luck, right?

Nope, there‘s still a way to get it back. Type git reflog and you‘ll see a list of (partial) commit shas that you‘ve moved around in. Find the commit you destroyed, and do this:

git checkout -b someNewBranchName shaYouDestroyed

You‘ve now resurrected that commit. Commits don‘t actually get destroyed in Git for some 90 days, so you can usually go back and rescue one you didn‘t mean to get rid of.