Django示例之--图书管理操作
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示例：实现对图书的添加，删除，修改操作
models.py文件内容：
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=6,decimal_places=2)
create_time=models.DateField()
memo=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="")
publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",default=1) #定义一对多关系，会在book表添加publish_id字段
author=models.ManyToManyField("Author") #定义多对多关系，会专门生成一张book和author的关系表
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):return self.nameurls.py文件内容：
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^books/', views.books, ), url(r'^addbook/', views.addbook, ), url(r'^edit/(\d+)', views.editbook, ), #编辑时，需要传入编辑的书的id号 url(r'^del/(\d+)', views.delbook, ), #删除时，需要传入删除的书的id号 ]
views.py文件内容：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from .models import * def books(reqeust): book_list=Book.objects.all() return render(reqeust,"books.html",locals()) def addbook(request): if request.method=="POST": title=request.POST.get("title") price=request.POST.get("price") date=request.POST.get("date") memo = request.POST.get("memo") publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id") author_id_list=request.POST.getlist("author_id_list") print("author_id_list",author_id_list) # 绑定书籍与出版社的一对多的关系 obj=Book.objects.create(title=title,price=price,create_time=date,memo=memo,publish_id=publish_id) # 绑定书籍与作者的多对多的关系 obj.author.add(*author_id_list) return redirect("/books/") else: publish_list=Publish.objects.all() #得到所有出版社对象的集合 author_list=Author.objects.all() #得到所有作者对象的集合 return render(request,"addbook.html",locals()) def editbook(request,id): if request.method == "POST": title=request.POST.get("title") price=request.POST.get("price") date=request.POST.get("date") memo = request.POST.get("memo") publish_id=request.POST.get("publish_id") author_id_list=request.POST.getlist("author_id_list") Book.objects.filter(id=id).update(title=title,price=price,create_time=date,memo=memo,publish_id=publish_id) obj =Book.objects.filter(id=id).first() print(author_id_list) # obj.author.clear() # obj.author.add(*author_id_list) obj.author.set(author_id_list) #这一句和上面两句注释的实现效果相同，都是对编辑的书的作者重新绑定 return redirect("/books/") #修改后的数据post后，跳转到books页面展示 edit_book=Book.objects.filter(id=id).first() publish_list = Publish.objects.all() author_list=Author.objects.all() #<QuerySet [<Author: song>, <Author: wang>, <Author: li>, <Author: zhang>]> author_obj=edit_book.author.all() #<QuerySet [<Author: zhang>, <Author: wang>]> author_selected_list=[author for author in author_list if author in author_obj] # [<Author: wang>, <Author: zhang>] return render(request,"editbook.html",locals()) def delbook(request,id): Book.objects.filter(id=id).delete() return redirect("/books/")
books.html展示书籍的页面内容：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>书籍信息</title>
<style>
.container{
margin-top: 100px;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<a href="/addbook/"><button class="btn btn-primary">添加数据</button></a>
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>书名</th>
<th>价格</th>
<th>出版时间</th>
<th>备注</th>
<th>出版社</th>
<th>作者</th>
<th>操作</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for book in book_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ book.title }}</td>
<td>{{ book.price }}</td>
<td>{{ book.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
<td>{{ book.memo }}</td>
<td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td>
<td>
{% for author in book.author.all %}
{{ author.name }}
{% if not forloop.last %} {#实现对最后一个作者的名字后面不加逗号#}
,
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</td>
<td>
<a href="/edit/{{ book.pk }}">编辑</a>
</td>
<td>
<a href="/edit/{{ book.pk }}">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
addbook.html添加书籍的页面内容：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>添加书籍</title>
<style>
.container{
margin-top: 100px;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<form action="/addbook/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>书籍名称 <input type="text" name="title"></p>
<p>书籍价格 <input type="text" name="price"></p>
<p>出版日期 <input type="date" name="date"></p>
<p>备注 <input type="text" name="memo"></p>
<p>出版社 <select name="publish_id" id="">
{% for publish in publish_list %}
<option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>作者 <select name="author_id_list" id="" multiple>
{% for author in author_list %}
<option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
editbook.html编辑书籍的页面内容：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>编辑书籍</title>
<style>
.container{
margin-top: 100px;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<form action="/edit/{{ id }}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>书籍名称 <input type="text" name="title" value="{{ edit_book.title }}"></p>
<p>书籍价格 <input type="text" name="price" value="{{ edit_book.price }}"></p>
<p>出版日期 <input type="date" name="date" value="{{ edit_book.create_time| date:'Y-m-d' }}"></p>
<p>备注 <input type="text" name="memo" value="{{ edit_book.memo }}"> </p>
<p>出版社 <select name="publish_id" id="">
{% for publish in publish_list %}
{% if publish == edit_book.publish %} {#publish对象和编辑的edit_book.publish对象一样，表示被选中#}
<option selected value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
{% else%}
<option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<p>作者 <select type="checkbox" name="author_id_list" id="" multiple>
{% for author in author_list%}
{% if author in author_selected_list%} {# 判断作者是否在被选中的作者列表里#}
<option value="{{ author.pk }}" selected="selected">{{ author.name }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
</p>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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