第九篇:Docker镜像仓库

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环境说明:

操作系统:centos7
内核版本:

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64

摘要:

仓库(Repository)是集中存放镜像的地方,与之关联的是注册服务器。

那注册服务器和仓库有什么关系呢?

比如仓库地址为:https://dl.dockerpool.com/ubuntu

那么dl.dockerpool.com就是注册服务器,ubuntu是仓库名

也就是说,注册服务器上可以存放多个镜像仓库,而每个镜像仓库里面存放多个镜像

Docker Hub 虽然非常方便,但还是有些限制,比如:

需要 internet 连接,而且下载和上传速度慢。

上传到 Docker Hub 的镜像任何人都能够访问,虽然可以用私有 repository,但不是免费的。

安全原因很多组织不允许将镜像放到外网。

一、公共仓库Registry使用

Docker Hub 是 Docker 公司维护的公共 Registry。用户可以将自己的镜像保存到 Docker Hub 免费的 repository 中。如果不希望别人访问自己的镜像,也可以购买私有 repository。

除了 Docker Hub,quay.io 是另一个公共 Registry,提供与 Docker Hub 类似的服务。

  1. 在https://hub.docker.com/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fhub.docker.com%2F
    注册一个Docker Hub账号
    技术分享图片

2.在Dokcer host上验证登录

[email protected] ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don‘t have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: liulei123
Password: 
Login Succeeded

3.Docker Hub 为了区分不同用户的同名镜像,镜像的 registry 中要包含用户名,完整格式为:[username]/xxx:tag

通过docker tag 命令重命名镜像名字

[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[[email protected] ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
469cfcc7a4b3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:989b936d56b1ace20ddf855a301741e52abca38286382cba7f44443210e96d16
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/centos:latest
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos    latest              e934aafc2206        13 days ago         199 MB
[[email protected] ~]# docker tag docker.io/centos liu/centos   ##把docker.io重命名为liu/centos
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos    latest              e934aafc2206        13 days ago         199 MB
liu/centos          latest              e934aafc2206        13 days ago         199 MB
[[email protected] ~]# 

4.通过docker push 命令把本地镜像liu/centos推送到公共仓库Docker Hup

[[email protected] ~]# docker push liu/centos
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/liu/centos]
43e653f84b79: Preparing 
denied: requested access to the resource is denied
[[email protected] ~]# 

上传镜像报错分析:
上面的信息显示是拒接访问,因为tag的名字斜线前面部分liu不是我在Docker Hub上注册的用户名liulei123,因此使用docker push liu/centos是无法正常上传本地镜像的,需要把本地镜像liu/centos修改为liulei123/centos才能把本地镜像上传到Dokcer Hub上

以下是解决过程

[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos latest e934aafc2206 13 days ago 199 MB
liu/centos latest e934aafc2206 13 days ago 199 MB
[[email protected] ~]# docker tag liu/centos liulei123/centos
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
liu/centos latest e934aafc2206 13 days ago 199 MB
liulei123/centos latest e934aafc2206 13 days ago 199 MB
docker.io/centos latest e934aafc2206 13 days ago 199 MB
[[email protected] ~]# docker push liulei123/centos
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/liulei123/centos]
43e653f84b79: Pushed 
latest: digest: sha256:191c883e479a7da2362b2d54c0840b2e8981e5ab62e11ab925abf8808d3d5d44 size: 529

5.登录 https://hub.docker.com,在Public Repository 中就可以看到本地上传的镜像

技术分享图片

二、在Docker上搭建本地的 Registry。

说明:

Docker Hub 虽然非常方便,但还是有些限制,比如:

  • 需要 internet 连接,而且下载和上传速度慢。

  • 上传到 Docker Hub 的镜像任何人都能够访问,虽然可以用私有 repository,但不是免费的。

  • 安全原因很多组织不允许将镜像放到外网。
  • 搭建本地的 Registry是解决以上问题的一种选择

  1. 下载并启动一个Registry容器,创建docker本地私有仓库
    [[email protected] ~]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 -v /mygistry:/var/lib/registry registry:2
    Unable to find image ‘registry:2‘ locally
    Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/registry ... 
    2: Pulling from docker.io/library/registry
    81033e7c1d6a: Pull complete 
    b235084c2315: Pull complete 
    c692f3a6894b: Pull complete 
    ba2177f3a70e: Pull complete 
    a8d793620947: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:672d519d7fd7bbc7a448d17956ebeefe225d5eb27509d8dc5ce67ecb4a0bce54
    Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/registry:2
    0ec05f0a53342d78dc0b6e1697328b5588f6f6744c781e1741cff038fbc04f02

    参数说明:
    -d 表示后台启动容器
    -p 将容器的5000端口映射到宿主机5000端口,5000是注册服务器服务端口
    -v 将 registry容器中/var/lib/registry的目录映射到宿主机的 /mygistry

2.使用docker tag 将liulei123/centos镜像标记为10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry

[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos     latest              e934aafc2206        13 days ago         199 MB
liu/centos           latest              e934aafc2206        13 days ago         199 MB
liulei123/centos     latest              e934aafc2206        13 days ago         199 MB
docker.io/registry   2                   d1fd7d86a825        3 months ago        33.3 MB
[[email protected] ~]# docker tag liulei123/centos  10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry

3.通过docker push 上传镜像

[[email protected] ~]# docker push 10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry
The push refers to a repository [10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry]
Get https://10.71.11.11:5000/v1/_ping: http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client

报错1:Get https://10.71.11.11:5000/v1/_ping: http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client

原因分析:
这个问题可能是由于客户端采用https,docker registry未采用https服务所致。

解决方法:
编辑/etc/docker/daemon.json文件,写入下面配置

{"insecure-registries":["10.71.11.11:5000"] } 

重启docker服务

[[email protected]de-11 docker]# systemctl restart docker

报错2:

[[email protected] docker]# docker push 10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry
The push refers to a repository [10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry]
Put http://10.71.11.11:5000/v1/repositories/liulei123/registry/: dial tcp 10.71.11.11:5000: getsockopt: connection refused

说明:从报错信息Put http://10.71.11.11:5000/v1/repositories/liulei123/registry/: dial tcp 10.71.11.11:5000: getsockopt: connection refused来看,估计大家会先去网上查找相关报错的信息,经过查阅大量的文档,说是需要编辑/etc/sysconfig/docker,加入如下配置
技术分享图片

但是加入INSECURE_REGISTRY=‘--insecure-registry=10.71.11.11:5000‘
配置后,重启docker服务报错

[[email protected] docker]# vi /etc/sysconfig/docker
[[email protected] docker]# systemctl restart docker
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

把添加的配置注释掉后,重启docker成功

后来想了想,看看我的registry容器服务启动没有

[[email protected] docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

突然才恍然大悟,registry容器都没启动,上传本地镜像,肯定要报错,问题解决过程如下

拿到registry容器ID

[[email protected] docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
0ec05f0a5334        registry:2          "/entrypoint.sh /e..."   36 minutes ago      Exited (2) 19 minutes ago                       friendly_mahavira

然后用容器ID启动容器

[[email protected] docker]# docker start 0ec05f0a5334 
0ec05f0a5334
[[email protected] docker]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
0ec05f0a5334        registry:2          "/entrypoint.sh /e..."   37 minutes ago      Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   friendly_mahavira

再次向镜像仓库上传本地镜像

[[email protected] docker]# docker push 10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry
The push refers to a repository [10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry]
43e653f84b79: Pushed 
latest: digest: sha256:191c883e479a7da2362b2d54c0840b2e8981e5ab62e11ab925abf8808d3d5d44 size: 529

4.现在就可以从本地私有仓库下载镜像了

[[email protected] docker]# docker pull  10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository 10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry ... 
latest: Pulling from 10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry
Digest: sha256:191c883e479a7da2362b2d54c0840b2e8981e5ab62e11ab925abf8808d3d5d44
Status: Image is up to date for 10.71.11.11:5000/liulei123/registry:latest

以上是搭建本地 registry 步骤和排错过程。当然 registry 也支持认证,https 安全传输等特性,具体可以参考官方文档 https://docs.docker.com/registry/configuration/

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