python基础-第二篇

Posted 2020-07-10 财经知识狂魔

一.运算符

 

　　1、算数运算：

　　算数运算符相信大家都不陌生吧，尤其是加减乘除，好！那我就带着大家看看最后三个，这三个到底是干什么玩意的？

• %，取两数相除的余数，看图：

      

• **，x的多少次幂，看图：

      

• //，取整除，你可以理解为向下取整，看图：

       

 

　　2、比较运算：

　　注意：当为一个等号时，多为赋值，两个等号为比较，另外不等于常用是！=

 

　　3、赋值运算：

 

　　4、逻辑运算：

　　逻辑运算符里，and和or好理解，那我就讲一下not：这家伙就是唱反调的--看图

      

 

　　5、成员运算：

　　成员运算符，从字面上意思去理解，问谁是不是某组织里的一份子，好！例子说话

     

 

 二.基本数据类型

 

• 对象是基于类创建的，对象的功能或方法都在类里
• python里的基本数据类型--int，str，list，dict，tuple都是类
• 类是抽象的，对象则是具体的，所以只有类-对象化，才可使用类的方法
• 查看类或对象的所有方法：dir（对象）--查看功能，  help（类）--详细，  ctrl + 左键（pycharm里）

 

　　1.int（整型）

• 在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
• 在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～922337203685477580

  class int(object):
      """
      int(x=0) -> int or long
      int(x, base=10) -> int or long
      
      Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
      are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
      If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
      
      If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
      Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
      literal can be preceded by \'+\' or \'-\' and be surrounded by whitespace.
      The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
      interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
      >>> int(\'0b100\', base=0)
      4
      """
      def bit_length(self): 
          """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
          """
          int.bit_length() -> int
          
          Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
          >>> bin(37)
          \'0b100101\'
          >>> (37).bit_length()
          6
          """
          return 0
  
      def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
          """ 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
          """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
          pass
  
      def __abs__(self):
          """ 返回绝对值 """
          """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
          pass
  
      def __add__(self, y):
          """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
          pass
  
      def __and__(self, y):
          """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
          pass
  
      def __cmp__(self, y): 
          """ 比较两个数大小 """
          """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
          pass
  
      def __coerce__(self, y):
          """ 强制生成一个元组 """ 
          """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
          pass
  
      def __divmod__(self, y): 
          """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """ 
          """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
          pass
  
      def __div__(self, y): 
          """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
          pass
  
      def __float__(self): 
          """ 转换为浮点类型 """ 
          """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
          pass
  
      def __floordiv__(self, y): 
          """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
          pass
  
      def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
          pass
  
      def __getattribute__(self, name): 
          """ x.__getattribute__(\'name\') <==> x.name """
          pass
  
      def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
          """ 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ 
          pass
  
      def __hash__(self): 
          """如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""
          """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
          pass
  
      def __hex__(self): 
          """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ 
          """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
          pass
  
      def __index__(self): 
          """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """
          """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
          pass
  
      def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
          """ 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """ 
          """
          int(x=0) -> int or long
          int(x, base=10) -> int or long
          
          Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
          are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
          If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
          
          If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
          Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
          literal can be preceded by \'+\' or \'-\' and be surrounded by whitespace.
          The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
          interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
          >>> int(\'0b100\', base=0)
          4
          # (copied from class doc)
          """
          pass
  
      def __int__(self): 
          """ 转换为整数 """ 
          """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
          pass
  
      def __invert__(self): 
          """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
          pass
  
      def __long__(self): 
          """ 转换为长整数 """ 
          """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
          pass
  
      def __lshift__(self, y): 
          """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
          pass
  
      def __mod__(self, y): 
          """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
          pass
  
      def __mul__(self, y): 
          """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
          pass
  
      def __neg__(self): 
          """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """
          pass
  
      @staticmethod # known case of __new__
      def __new__(S, *more): 
          """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
          pass
  
      def __nonzero__(self): 
          """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
          pass
  
      def __oct__(self): 
          """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ 
          """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
          pass
  
      def __or__(self, y): 
          """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
          pass
  
      def __pos__(self): 
          """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """
          pass
  
      def __pow__(self, y, z=None): 
          """ 幂，次方 """ 
          """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
          pass
  
      def __radd__(self, y): 
          """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
          pass
  
      def __rand__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
          pass
  
      def __rdivmod__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
          pass
  
      def __rdiv__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
          pass
  
      def __repr__(self): 
          """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
          """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
          pass
  
      def __str__(self): 
          """转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
          """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
          pass
  
      def __rfloordiv__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
          pass
  
      def __rlshift__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
          pass
  
      def __rmod__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
          pass
  
      def __rmul__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
          pass
  
      def __ror__(self, y): 
          """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
          pass
  
      def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): 
          """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
          pass
  
      def __rrshift__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
          pass
  
      def __rshift__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
          pass
  
      def __rsub__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
          pass
  
      def __rtruediv__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
          pass
  
      def __rxor__(self, y): 
          """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
          pass
  
      def __sub__(self, y): 
          """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
          pass
  
      def __truediv__(self, y): 
          """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
          pass
  
      def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
          """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """
          pass
  
      def __xor__(self, y): 
          """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
          pass
  
      denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
      """ 分母 = 1 """
      """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""
  
      imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
      """ 虚数，无意义 """
      """the imaginary part of a complex number"""
  
      numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
      """ 分子 = 数字大小 """
      """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""
  
      real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
      """ 实属，无意义 """
      """the real part of a complex number"""

• 你不用担心数值超过int的长度，python会自动转化long（长整）

class int(object):
    """
    int(x=0) -> int or long
    int(x, base=10) -> int or long
    
    Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
    are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
    If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
    
    If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
    Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
    literal can be preceded by \'+\' or \'-\' and be surrounded by whitespace.
    The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
    interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
    >>> int(\'0b100\', base=0)
    4
    """
    def bit_length(self): 
        """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
        """
        int.bit_length() -> int
        
        Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
        >>> bin(37)
        \'0b100101\'
        >>> (37).bit_length()
        6
        """
        return 0

    def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
        """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
        pass

    def __abs__(self):
        """ 返回绝对值 """
        """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
        pass

    def __add__(self, y):
        """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
        pass

    def __and__(self, y):
        """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
        pass

    def __cmp__(self, y): 
        """ 比较两个数大小 """
        """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
        pass

    def __coerce__(self, y):
        """ 强制生成一个元组 """ 
        """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
        pass

    def __divmod__(self, y): 
        """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """ 
        """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
        pass

    def __div__(self, y): 
        """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
        pass

    def __float__(self): 
        """ 转换为浮点类型 """ 
        """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
        pass

    def __floordiv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
        pass

    def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, name): 
        """ x.__getattribute__(\'name\') <==> x.name """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ 
        pass

    def __hash__(self): 
        """如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""
        """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
        pass

    def __hex__(self): 
        """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ 
        """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
        pass

    def __index__(self): 
        """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """
        """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
        pass

    def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
        """ 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """ 
        """
        int(x=0) -> int or long
        int(x, base=10) -> int or long
        
        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
        If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
        
        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
        Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
        literal can be preceded by \'+\' or \'-\' and be surrounded by whitespace.
        The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
        interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int(\'0b100\', base=0)
        4
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __int__(self): 
        """ 转换为整数 """ 
        """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
        pass

    def __invert__(self): 
        """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
        pass

    def __long__(self): 
        """ 转换为长整数 """ 
        """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
        pass

    def __lshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, y): 
        """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, y): 
        """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
        pass

    def __neg__(self): 
        """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more): 
        """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
        pass

    def __nonzero__(self): 
        """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
        pass

    def __oct__(self): 
        """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ 
        """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
        pass

    def __or__(self, y): 
        """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
        pass

    def __pos__(self): 
        """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """
        pass

    def __pow__(self, y, z=None): 
        """ 幂，次方 """ 
        """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
        pass

    def __radd__(self, y): 
        """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
        pass

    def __rand__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
        pass

    def __rdivmod__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
        pass

    def __rdiv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
        pass

    def __repr__(self): 
        """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
        """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
        pass

    def __str__(self): 
        """转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
        """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
        pass

    def __rfloordiv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
        pass

    def __rlshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
        pass

    def __ror__(self, y): 
        """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
        pass

    def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): 
        """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
        pass

    def __rrshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
        pass

    def __rshift__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
        pass

    def __rtruediv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
        pass

    def __rxor__(self, y): 
        """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, y): 
        """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
        pass

    def __truediv__(self, y): 
        """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
        pass

    def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
        """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """
        pass

    def __xor__(self, y): 
        """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
        pass

    denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 分母 = 1 """
    """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 虚数，无意义 """
    """the imaginary part of a complex number"""

    numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """ 分子 = 数字大小 """
    """the numerator of a rational number in lowest termspython笔记 [第二篇]：基础数据类型

 第二篇 python基础知识总结：数据运算符
 Python之路第二篇：Python基础
 Python之路第二篇：Python基础
 Python之路第二篇：Python基础
 Python之路第二篇：Python基础