day4-字符串格式化_集合_函数

Posted 2020-10-30 xuegaobuliang

字符串格式化
msg=‘i am %s my hobby is %s‘ % (‘lhf‘,‘alex‘)
print(msg)

msg=‘i am %s my hobby is %s‘ % (‘lhf‘,1)
msg=‘i am %s my hobby is %s‘ % (‘lhf‘,[1,2])
print(msg)
name=‘lhf‘
age=19
msg=‘i am %s my hobby is %s‘ % (name,age)
print(msg)

打印浮点数
tpl = "percent %.2f" % 99.976234444444444444
print(tpl)

打印百分比
tpl = ‘percent %.2f %%‘ % 99.976234444444444444
print(tpl)

tpl = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {"name": "alex", "age": 18}
print(tpl)

msg=‘i am %(name)+60s my hobby is alex‘ %{‘name‘:‘lhf‘}
print(msg)

msg=‘i am \033[43;1m%(name)+60s\033[0m my hobby is alex‘ %{‘name‘:‘lhf‘}
print(msg)


print(‘root‘,‘x‘,‘0‘,‘0‘,sep=‘:‘)
print(‘root‘+‘:‘+‘x‘+‘:‘+‘0‘,‘0‘)
集合
s=set(‘hello‘)
print(s)

s=set([‘alex‘,‘alex‘,‘sb‘])
print(s)

s={1,2,3,4,5,6}

添加
s.add(‘s‘)
s.add(‘3‘)
s.add(3)
print(s)

s.clear()
print(s)

s1=s.copy()

s={‘sb‘,1,2,3,4,5,6}
随机删
s.pop()

指定删除
s.remove(‘sb‘)
s.remove(‘hellol‘) #删除元素不存在会报错
s.discard(‘sbbbb‘)#删除元素不存在不会报错
print(s)


python_l=[‘lcg‘,‘szw‘,‘zjw‘,‘lcg‘]
linux_l=[‘lcg‘,‘szw‘,‘sb‘]
p_s=set(python_l)
l_s=set(linux_l)
#求交集
print(p_s,l_s)
print(p_s.intersection(l_s))
print(p_s&l_s)
#求并集
print(p_s.union(l_s))
print(p_s|l_s)
#差集
print(‘差集‘,p_s-l_s)
print(p_s.difference(l_s))
print(‘差集‘,l_s-p_s)
print(l_s.difference(p_s))





交叉补集
print(‘交叉补集‘,p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s))
print(‘交叉补集‘,p_s^l_s)

python_l=[‘lcg‘,‘szw‘,‘zjw‘,‘lcg‘]
linux_l=[‘lcg‘,‘szw‘,‘sb‘]
p_s=set(python_l)
l_s=set(linux_l)
print(p_s,l_s)
print(‘差集‘,p_s-l_s)
p_s=p_s-l_s
p_s.difference_update(l_s)
print(p_s)

s1={1,2}
s2={2,3,5}
print(s1.isdisjoint(s2))s1={1,2}s2={1,2,3}print(s1.issubset(s2))#s1 是s2 的子集
print(s2.issubset(s1))#Falseprint(s2.issuperset(s1))#s1 是s2 的父集
s1={1,2}s2={1,2,3}s1.update(s2) #更新多个值s1.add(1,2,3,4) #更新一个值s1.union(s2) #不更新
print(s1)s=frozenset(‘hello‘)print(s)names=[‘alex‘,‘alex‘,‘wupeiqi‘]names=list(set(names))print(names)
函数‘‘‘y=2*x+1x=3y->7x=3y->7‘‘‘def test(x):    ‘‘‘    2*x+1    :param x:整形数字    :return: 返回计算结果    ‘‘‘    y=2*x+1    return ydef test():    ‘‘‘    2*x+1    :param x:整形数字    :return: 返回计算结果    ‘‘‘    x=3    y=2*x+1    return ya=test()print(a)过程：就是没有返回值的函数def test01():    msg = ‘test01‘    print(msg)def test02():    msg = ‘test02‘    print(msg)    return msgdef test03():    msg = ‘test03‘    print(msg)    return 1,2,3,4,‘a‘,[‘alex‘],{‘name‘:‘alex‘},Nonedef test04():    msg = ‘test03‘    print(msg)    return {‘name‘:‘alex‘}t1=test01()t2=test02()t3=test03()t4=test04()print(t1)print(t2)print(t3)print(t4)def calc(x,y): #x=2,y=3    res=x**y    return x    return yres=calc(2,3)# print(x)# print(y)print(res)# a=10# b=10# calc(a,b)def test(x,y,z):#x=1,y=2,z=3    print(x)    print(y)    print(z)
位置参数，必须一一对应，缺一不行多一也不行test(1,2,3)关键字参数，无须一一对应，缺一不行多一也不行test(y=1,x=3,z=4)位置参数必须在关键字参数左边test(1,y=2,3)#报错test(1,3,y=2)#报错test(1,3,z=2)test(1,3,z=2,y=4)#报错test(z=2,1,3)#报错def handle(x,type=‘mysql‘):    print(x)    print(type)handle(‘hello‘)handle(‘hello‘,type=‘sqlite‘)handle(‘hello‘,‘sqlite‘)def install(func1=False,func2=True,func3=True):    pass参数组：**字典 *列表def test(x,*args):    print(x)    print(args)test(1)test(1,2,3,4,5)test(1,{‘name‘:‘alex‘})test(1,[‘x‘,‘y‘,‘z‘])test(1,*[‘x‘,‘y‘,‘z‘])test(1,*(‘x‘,‘y‘,‘z‘))def test(x,**kwargs):    print(x)    print(kwargs)test(1,y=2,z=3)test(1,1,2,2,2,2,2,y=2,z=3)test(1,y=2,z=3,z=3)#会报错 ：一个参数不能传两个值def test(x,*args,**kwargs):    print(x)    print(args,args[-1])    print(kwargs,kwargs.get(‘y‘))test(1,1,2,1,1,11,1,x=1,y=2,z=3) #报错
test(1,1,2,1,1,11,1,y=2,z=3)test(1,*[1,2,3],**{‘y‘:1})format()格式化tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(name="seven", age=18)tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18})tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*["seven", 18])tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format("seven", 18) #["seven", 18]l=["seven", 18]tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(‘seven‘,18)print(tpl)tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%},{}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2)print(tpl)