Servlet 学习

Posted AmyZheng

tags:

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HTTP 请求的构成

1、HTTP 请求行:

  • 请求方式,比如 GET 、POST 等
  • 本次请求的URI ,比如 /hello
  •  协议和版本号

2、 HTTP 请求报头: (头部/首部/请求头)

  • 请求头和请求正文之间用空行分隔
  • 常见的请求报头

3、 HTTP 请求正文:

  • 一种是 请求参数 ,比如 /hello?username=zhangsanfeng&password=wudang2017
  • 一种是 针对上传文件 等操作

HttpServletRequest 类型的对象

1、Servlet 容器响应Web 客户端请求的时序图

2、与HTTP请求行对应的方法

  • 请求方式:   String    getMethod()
  • URI :     String    getRequestURI()
  • 协议:      String        getProtocol()

3、与HTTP请求报头对应的方法

  • String    getHeader( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值
  • Enumeration<String>    getHeaders( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值(取值有多个,比如cookie)
  • long    getDateHeader( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值 ( 返回以毫秒为单位的时间 )
  • int    getIntHeader( String name )  获取指定名称的请求报头的取值 ( 以 int 形式返回 )
  • Enumeration<String>    getHeaderNames() 获取所有的请求报头的名称

4、与HTTP请求正文对应的方法
获取请求参数:

  • String        getParameter( String name ) 获取指定的请求参数对应的值
  • String[]        getParameterValues( String name ) 获取指定的请求参数对应的值 ( 取值有多个,比如 checkbox )
  • Map< String , String[] >        getParameterMap() 获取所有的请求参数及取值( 取值是个数组 )
  • Enumeration<String>    getParameterNames() 获取所有的请求参数的名称

获取WEB客户端上传的数据:

  • ServletInputStream     getInputStream()  在 Servlet 3.0 之前获取上传数据的方法 ( 以字节形流式返回 )
  • BufferedReader        getReader() 在 Servlet 3.0 之前获取上传数据的方法 ( 以字符流形式返回 )
  • Part    getPart( String name ) 根据 名称 获得 一个 multipart/form-data POST request 中指定名称对应的 Part 对象

    <input type="file" name="upfile" > =========>  request.getPart( "upfile" )

  • Collection<Part>     getParts()  获取 multipart/form-data POST request 中对应的所有的 Part 对象

测试案例:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ParseRequestServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ecut.request.ParseRequestServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ParseRequestServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/parse</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>FirstUploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ecut.request.FirstUploadServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>FirstUploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/upload/first</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SecondUploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ecut.request.SecondUploadServlet</servlet-class>

        <!-- 启用 Servlet 3.x 所支持的文件上传方式 -->
        <multipart-config>
            <location>D:/files</location>
        </multipart-config>
        <!-- location 指定的是文件上传后的存储位置 -->
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SecondUploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/upload/second</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ThirdUploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ecut.request.ThirdUploadServlet</servlet-class>

        <!-- 启用 Servlet 3.x 所支持的文件上传方式 -->
        <multipart-config>
            <location>D:/files</location>
        </multipart-config>
        <!-- location 指定的是文件上传后的存储位置 -->
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ThirdUploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/upload/third</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Request</title>
</head>
<body>

    <a href="/Servlet/parse?username=Amy&password=123456" >访问 ParseRequestServlet</a>
    
    <h5>GET</h5>
    <form action="/Servlet/parse" method="get" >
        <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名">
        <br>
        性别: 
        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="女"> 我是靓女
        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="男"> 我是靓仔 <br>
        爱好:
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="eat">吃饭 
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="sleep">睡觉 
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="wc">上厕所
        <br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    
    <h5>POST</h5>
    <form action="/Servlet/parse" method="post" >
        <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名">
        <br>
        性别: 
        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="女"> 我是靓女
        <input type="radio" name="gender" value="男"> 我是靓仔 <br>
        爱好:
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="eat">吃饭 
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="sleep">睡觉 
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="wc">上厕所
        <br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    
    <h5>文件上传(古代)</h5>
    <!-- method 必须是 POST ,enctype 必须是 multipart/form-data enctype默认是对数据进行 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码-->
    <form action="/Servlet/upload/first" method="post"  enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="upfile" >
        <input type="submit" value="上传" >
    </form>
    
    <h5>文件上传( 从 Servlet 3.0 开始 )</h5>
    <!-- method 必须是 POST ,enctype 必须是 multipart/form-data -->
    <form action="/Servlet/upload/second" method="post"  enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="upfile" >
        <input type="submit" value="上传" >
    </form>
    
    <h5>文件上传( 从 Servlet 3.0 开始 )</h5>
    <!-- method 必须是 POST ,enctype 必须是 multipart/form-data -->
    <form action="/Servlet/upload/third" method="post"  enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="upfile1" > 
        <br>
        <input type="file" name="upfile2" > 
        <br>
        <input type="file" name="upfile3" > 
        <br>
        <input type="file" name="upfile4" > 
        <br>
        <input type="submit" value="上传" >
    </form>

</body>
</html>
package ecut.request;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ParseRequestServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5473447295646845596L;

    @Override
    protected void service( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) 
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
        response.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
        response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=UTF-8" );
        PrintWriter p =response.getWriter();        
        // 获取 HTTP HTTP 请求行中的相关信息
        String method = request.getMethod();
        String uri = request.getRequestURI() ; 
        String protocol = request.getProtocol() ;
        System.out.println( "HTTP 请求行:");
        System.out.println("\\t请求方式 = " + method);
        System.out.println("\\tURI = " + uri);
        System.out.println("\\t协议/版本号= " + protocol);
        p.println("<p>HTTP 请求行:</p>");
        p.println("<p style=\'text-indent:2em;\'>请求方式 = " + method+"</p>");
        p.println("<p style=\'text-indent:2em;\'>URI = " + uri+"</p>");
        p.println("<p style=\'text-indent:2em;\'>协议/版本号 = " + protocol+"</p>");
        // 获取HTTP 请求报头
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        System.out.println( "HTTP 请求报头:" );
        p.println( "<p>HTTP 请求报头:"+"</p>" );
        while( headerNames.hasMoreElements() ) {
            String name = headerNames.nextElement(); // 获取单个的HTTP 请求报头的名称
            String value = request.getHeader( name ) ; // 获得指定名称对应的HTTP 请求报头的值
            System.out.println( "\\t" + name + " = " + value );
            p.println("<p style=\'text-indent:2em;\'>" + name + " = " + value +"</p>");
        }
        
        // 获取HTTP 请求参数
        Map<String,String[]> paramMap = request.getParameterMap();
        
        Set< Entry<String, String[]> >  entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();
        System.out.println( "HTTP 请求参数:" );
        p.println( "<p>HTTP 请求参数:" );
        for( Entry<String, String[]> e : entrySet ){
            String name = e.getKey() ;
            String[] value = e.getValue() ;
            System.out.println( "\\t" + name + " : " + Arrays.toString( value ) );
            p.println( "<p style=\'text-indent:2em;\'>" + name + " : " + Arrays.toString( value ) +"</p>");
        }
        
    }
    
    

}

运行结果如下:

控制台输出文件的内容。

获取指定的请求参数对应的值取值有多个的测试案例:

运行结果如下:

HTTP 请求行:
    请求方式 = GET
    URI = /Servlet/parse
    协议/版本号= HTTP/1.1
HTTP 请求报头:
    host = localhost:8080
    user-agent = Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:59.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/59.0
    accept = text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
    accept-language = zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    accept-encoding = gzip, deflate
    referer = http://localhost:8080/Servlet/pages/request/index.html
    connection = keep-alive
    upgrade-insecure-requests = 1
HTTP 请求参数:
    username : [AmyZheng]
    gender : [男]
    hobby : [eat, sleep]

 


 

文件上传测试案例一:

package ecut.request;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class FirstUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7777691027208490971L;

    @Override
    protected void doGet( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
        throw new RuntimeException( "不支持GET方式上传" );
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
        
        // 上传文件时,只考虑文本文件,不考虑其它文件
        BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
        //InputStream in = request.getInputStream();

        String s ; 
        while( ( s = reader.readLine() ) != null ){
            System.out.println( s );
        }
        
    }
    
    

}

运行结果如下:

页面跳转到http://localhost:8080/Servlet/upload/first

控制台输出文件内容

-----------------------------296501829912081
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upfile"; filename="Http.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
文件内容省略

-----------------------------296501829912081--

 


 

文件上传测试案例二:

package ecut.request;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;

public class SecondUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4485463572490572537L;

    @Override
    protected void doGet( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
        throw new RuntimeException( "不支持GET方式上传" );
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        // String username = request.getParameter( "username" ) ; // <input type="text" name="username" >
        
        Part part = request.getPart( "upfile" ) ; // <input type="file" name="upfile" >
        System.out.println( part );
        
        /* Servlet 3.0 中获得文件名的做法
        String cd = part.getHeader( "Content-Disposition" );
        System.out.println( cd );
        String s = "filename=\\""; 
        int index = cd.indexOf( s );//找到filename的位置
        String name = cd.substring( index + s.length() , cd.length() - 1 );//获取文件名
        System.out.println( name );
        */
        
        // part.getName() ; // name="upfile"
        String filename = part.getSubmittedFileName(); // Servlet 3.1 开始出现的方法
        
        part.write( filename );
        
    }
    
    

}

 

运行结果如下:

页面跳转到http://localhost:8080/Servlet/upload/second

D:\\files目录下增加了一个文件

 


 

文件上传测试案例三:

package ecut.request;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;

public class ThirdUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4485463572490572537L;

    @Override
    protected void doGet( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
        throw new RuntimeException( "不支持GET方式上传" );
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
            upfile("upfile1",request);
            upfile("upfile2",request);
            upfile("upfile3",request);
            upfile("upfile4",request);
    }
    
    void upfile(String upfile,HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletException, IOException{
        Part part = request.getPart( upfile) ; 
        String filename = part.getSubmittedFileName(); 
        part.write( filename );
    }
    

}

运行结果如下:

页面跳转到http://localhost:8080/Servlet/upload/third

D:\\files目录下增加了四个文件

转载请于明显处标明出处

http://www.cnblogs.com/AmyZheng/p/8761234.html

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