浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化

Posted 2020-10-30

浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化
RHEL7RHEL6文件系统XFSEXT4内核版本3.10.x-x系列2.6.x-x系列内核名称MaipoSantiago发布时间2014-06-09（3.10.0-123）2010-11-09（2.6.32-71）进程名称systemdinit运行级别runlevel0.target->poweroff.target
     runlevel1.target->rescue.target
     runlevel2.target->multi-user.target
     runlevel3.target->multi-user.target
     runlevel4.target->multi-user.target
     runlevel5.target->graphical.target
     runlevel6.target->reboot.target
     /etc/systemd/system/default.targetrunlevel0
     runlevel1
     runlevel2
     runlevel3
     runlevel4
     runlevel5
     runlevel6
     /etc/inittab主机名称/etc/hostname/etc/sysconfig/network最大文件500TB16TB检查工具xfs.repaire2fsck启动工具GRUB2GRUB0.97服务启动SystemdUpstart服务管理systemctl enable xxx.service
     systemctl start xxx.service
     systemctl stop xxx.service
     systemctl restart xxx.service
兼容chkconfig，service命令service enable xxx.service
     service stop xxx.service
     service start xxx.service
     chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on防火墙Firewalld兼容IptablesIptables网络绑定Team DriverBonding网络时间Chrony，ntpdntpdNFS版本NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客户端NFS4集群管理工具PacemakerRgmanager负载均衡工具Keepalived，HAProxyRgmanager桌面环境GNOME3,KDE4.10GNOME2数据库MariaDBmysqlRHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的变化订阅信息RHEL7RHEL6
订阅信息工具subscription-manager identity/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid
     subscription-manager identity配置订阅信息subscription-manager rhn_registerrhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity基本配置RHEL7RHEL6GUI配置工具gnome-control-centersystem-config-*网络配置工具nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editorsystem-config-network语言配置工具localectlsystem-config-language时间配置工具timedatectl datesystem-config-date date时间同步ntpdate /etc/chrony.confntpdate /etc/ntp.conf键盘配置localectlsystem-config-keyboard服务管理RHEL7RHEL6服务列表systemctl -at service
     ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.servicechkconfig
     ls /etc/init.d/服务启动systemctl start name.serviceservice name start服务停止systemctl stop name.serviceservice name stop服务查看systemctl status name.serviceservice name status服务重启systemctl restart name.serviceservice name restart服务开机自启systemctl enable name.servicechkconfig name on服务开机不自启systemctl disable name.servicechkconfig name off添加服务systemctl daemon-reloadachkconfig --add服务列表查看systemctl -t service --state=activeservice --status-all查看运行级别systemctl get-defaultrunlevel修改运行级别systemctl isolate name.target
     init runlevelinit runlevel日志文件/etc/rsyslog.conf
     /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
     /var/log/journal/
     /etc/systemd/journald.conf/etc/rsyslog.conf查看日志文件/var/log//var/log/journalctl内核硬件RHEL7RHEL6启动提示符append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdlineappend 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline关闭系统systemctl shutdownshutdown关闭电源systemctl poweroffpoweroff挂起系统systemctl halthalt重启系统systemctl rebootreboot修改运行级别systemctl set-default/etc/inittab配置GRUB/etc/default/grub
     grub2-mkconfig
     grub-set-default/boot/grub/grub.conf软件管理RHEL7RHEL6安装软件包yum install
     yum group installyum install
     yum groupinstall查看软件包yum info
     yum group infoyum info
     yum groupinfo文件系统RHEL7RHEL6建立文件系统fdisk parted gdiskfdisk partedLVM管理vgextend lvextend xfs_growfsvgextend lvextend resize2fs网络接口配置RHEL7RHEL6配置名称/etc/hosts
     /etc/resolv.conf
     nmcli conmod/etc/hosts
     /etc/resolv.conf主机名称配置/etc/hostname
     hostnamectl
     nmcli/etc/sysconfig/networkIp地址配置ip addr
     nmcli dev
     show
     teamdctl
     brctl
     bridgeip add
     ifconfig
     brctl配置防火墙firewall-cmd
     firewall-configiptables&ip6tables
     /etc/sysconfig/ip*tables
     system-config-firewall查看端口命令ss
     lsofnetstat
     ss
     lsof