四周第一次课
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4.10/4.11/4.12 lvm讲解
简介
逻辑卷管理LVM是一个多才多艺的硬盘系统工具。无论在Linux或者其他类似的系统，都是非常的好用。传统分区使用固定大小分区，重新调整大小十分麻烦。但是，LVM可以创建和管理“逻辑”卷，而不是直接使用物理硬盘。可以让管理员弹性的管理逻辑卷的扩大缩小，操作简单，而不损坏已存储的数据。可以随意将新的硬盘添加到LVM，以直接扩展已经存在的逻辑卷。LVM并不需要重启就可以让内核知道分区的存在。
LVM(Logical Volume Manager)逻辑卷管理，是一种将一个或多个硬盘的分区在逻辑上集合，相当于一个大硬盘来使用，使用LVM主要是方便管理、增加了系统的扩展性，lvm一般应用与大型应用搞分布式文件系统。 比如hdfs、gfs、mfs等;通过LVM可以方便灵活的调整存储卷组的大小，
- PV(Physical Volume)：物理卷，处于LVM最底层，可以是物理硬盘或者分区。
2.PE(Physical Extend)：物理区域，PV中可以用于分配的最小存储单元，可以在创建PV的时候制定，如1M, 2M, 4M, 8M, 32M, 64M…组成同一VG中所有PV的PE大小应该相同。
3.VG(Volume Group)：卷组，建立在PV之上，可以含有一个到多个PV。 - LV(Logical Volume)：逻辑卷，建立在VG之上，相当于原来分区的概念。不过大小可以动态改变。
LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
首先是实际的物理磁盘及其划分的分区和其上的物理卷（PV）。一个或多个物理卷可以用来创建卷组（VG）。然后基于卷组可以创建逻辑卷（LV）。只要在卷组中有可用空间，就可以随心所欲的创建逻辑卷。文件系统就是在逻辑卷上创建的，然后可以在操作系统挂载和访问
磁盘分区
1、首先使用fdisk增加的磁盘分区
#fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff3a8918
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 4196352 8390655 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 8390656 12584959 2097152 8e Linux LVM迅速创建扩展分区，并划分3个逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): e
Selected partition 4
First sector (12584960-41943039, default 12584960):
Using default value 12584960
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (12584960-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 14 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (12587008-41943039, default 12587008):
Using default value 12587008
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (12587008-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (16783360-41943039, default 16783360):
Using default value 16783360
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (16783360-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (20979712-41943039, default 20979712):
Using default value 20979712
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20979712-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff3a8918
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 4196352 8390655 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 8390656 12584959 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb4 12584960 41943039 14679040 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 12587008 16781311 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 16783360 20977663 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 20979712 25174015 2097152 83 Linux2、t更改分区文件系统的ID为8E，并w保存操作
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7, default 7): 5
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7, default 7): 6
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7, default 7):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff3a8918
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 4196352 8390655 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 8390656 12584959 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb4 12584960 41943039 14679040 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 12587008 16781311 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6 16783360 20977663 2097152 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb7 20979712 25174015 2097152 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.3、为了能快速的加载新分区，我们使用partprobe命令手动更新
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe
[[email protected] ~]# ll /dev/sdb
sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb4 sdb5 sdb6 sdb7 4、创建物理卷PV
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7
Physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb7" successfully created.列出刚才创建的物理卷，新创建的物理卷都会带“--- NEW Physical volume ---”
[[email protected] ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb[5-7]
"/dev/sdb7" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb7
VG Name
PV Size 2.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID XegRtK-Fr4V-AfJ2-QVxu-hOo2-dGE8-HR2dox
"/dev/sdb6" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb6
VG Name
PV Size 2.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID p6WjVw-X3th-BZVW-UfI9-nCIo-uLPg-uO5pUW
"/dev/sdb5" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb5
VG Name
PV Size 2.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID KCPzgS-O43B-CFua-xSUn-fdCX-emSS-WHWQBGpvs命令可以列出物理卷的使用列表，物理卷大小，使用情况，剩余的物理卷大小
[[email protected] ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 cl lvm2 a-- <19.51g 4.00m
/dev/sdb1 vg1 lvm2 a-- <2.00g 0
/dev/sdb2 vg1 lvm2 a-- <2.00g 0
/dev/sdb3 vg1 lvm2 a-- <2.00g 0
/dev/sdb5 lvm2 --- 2.00g 2.00g
/dev/sdb6 lvm2 --- 2.00g 2.00g
/dev/sdb7 lvm2 --- 2.00g 2.00g创建卷组VGS
先查看现有的卷组
[[email protected] ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
cl 1 4 0 wz--n- <19.51g 4.00m
vg1 3 1 0 wz--n- <5.99g 0
[[email protected] ~]# vgcreate vg2 /dev/sdb[5-6]
Volume group "vg2" successfully created
[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay vg2 #列出刚才创建的卷组详情
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg2
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 3.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1022
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1022 / 3.99 GiB
VG UUID 0yIJqM-O6HU-c7yO-VeBZ-AWz3-WiJQ-cUSM1i
[[email protected] ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
cl 1 4 0 wz--n- <19.51g 4.00m
vg1 3 1 0 wz--n- <5.99g 0
vg2 2 0 0 wz--n- 3.99g 3.99g创建逻辑卷LVS
[```[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -l 1022 -n lv2 vg2 #-l 按pe,-L按size
Logical volume "lv2" created.
**格式化逻辑卷**
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg2/lv2
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
261632 inodes, 1046528 blocks
52326 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1071644672
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[[email protected] ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home cl -wi-ao---- 4.00g
root cl -wi-ao---- 8.57g
swap cl -wi-ao---- 4.00g
var cl -wi-ao---- <2.93g
lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- <5.99g
lv2 vg2 -wi-a----- 3.99g
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1
├─sda2 xfs 460aa503-2017-41c1-a406-c94f8b1097b7 /boot
└─sda3 LVM2_member KzLxC5-B3g0-qvz5-4Bsf-Neaq-y3f1-cmRV0I
├─cl-root xfs 16cc098f-10c5-4b7d-9a3a-cfd0289a0e12 /
├─cl-swap swap 542d997a-3a61-4e10-afe5-f4f96277eba9 [SWAP]
├─cl-var xfs 2b8c9632-31ea-4299-9cb3-aa8d6d9c030e /var
└─cl-home xfs b7a246f3-746e-49e4-bab0-4def83faaa26 /home
sdb
├─sdb1 LVM2_member osUKLK-uhqg-5owr-qicf-m5Rj-NnxA-7kZOdb
│ └─vg1-lv1 ext4 22c8fa37-a406-4d65-b853-1bb361296a7f /mnt
├─sdb2 LVM2_member 1lNxWq-1jKg-mRfu-NJpO-8996-d5Nc-lpGfwu
│ └─vg1-lv1 ext4 22c8fa37-a406-4d65-b853-1bb361296a7f /mnt
├─sdb3 LVM2_member CsatVM-Qjr6-OdZi-Z150-ToEk-Fwty-dScaIs
│ └─vg1-lv1 ext4 22c8fa37-a406-4d65-b853-1bb361296a7f /mnt
├─sdb4
├─sdb5 LVM2_member KCPzgS-O43B-CFua-xSUn-fdCX-emSS-WHWQBG
│ └─vg2-lv2 ext4 75ba0d5a-f0e5-4182-a543-d24c83843b3d
├─sdb6 LVM2_member p6WjVw-X3th-BZVW-UfI9-nCIo-uLPg-uO5pUW
│ └─vg2-lv2 ext4 75ba0d5a-f0e5-4182-a543-d24c83843b3d
└─sdb7 LVM2_member XegRtK-Fr4V-AfJ2-QVxu-hOo2-dGE8-HR2dox
sr0
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /data **#创建目录**
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg2/lv2 /data/** #挂载格式化后的逻辑卷**
[[email protected] ~]# df -hT** #查看文件系统的详情**
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 5.9G 16M 5.6G 1% /mnt
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
**声明：xfs文件系统不支持lv缩容，这里是ext4文件系统**
首先看下现在的文件系统挂载和使用情况[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 5.9G 16M 5.6G 1% /mnt
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data[[email protected] ~]# ll /mnt/
total 36
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 7 02:26 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 7 02:26 2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 6
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 7
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 8
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 6 03:02 lost+found[[email protected] ~]# cat /mnt/1.txt
12345678
卸载掉lv1卷
[[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt/设置lv卷大小
下面的做法经过试验是会报错的：
[[email protected] ~]# lvresize -L 2G /dev/vg1/lv1
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]:
WARNING: Invalid input ‘‘.
Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from <5.99 GiB (1533 extents) to 2.00 GiB (512 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f !$
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
The filesystem size (according to the superblock) is 1569792 blocks
The physical size of the device is 524288 blocks
Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt!
Abort<y>? y
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
The filesystem size (according to the superblock) is 1569792 blocks
The physical size of the device is 524288 blocks
Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt!
Abort<y>? yes正确的做法
刚才的错误可以修正回之前的大小：
[[email protected] ~]# lvresize -l 1533 /dev/vg1/lv1
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from <2.00 GiB (511 extents) to <5.99 GiB (1533 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 5.99G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Invalid new size: 5.99G
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg1/lv1: 16/392448 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 45115/1569792 blocks[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 4G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 1048576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 1048576 blocks long.
[[email protected] ~]# lvresize -L 4G /dev/vg1/lv1 #设置lv大小为4G
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 4.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from <5.99 GiB (1533 extents) to 4.00 GiB (1024 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[[email protected] ~]# !e2 #检查是lv有错误
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg1/lv1: 16/261632 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 36907/1048576 blocks[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg1/lv1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/lv1
LV Name lv1
VG Name vg1
LV UUID q6dAzJ-1dbC-2EoY-Fzcp-QqEE-enuU-FS5BLT
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time aiker01, 2017-12-06 03:02:40 +0800
LV Status available
#open 0
LV Size 4.00 GiB
Current LE 1024
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4
[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay /dev/vg1
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 23
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size <5.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1533
Alloc PE / Size 1024 / 4.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 509 / <1.99 GiB
VG UUID dx3XD9-rQBV-QtBu-EebN-wgjI-CQcn-36iIbm
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
[[email protected] ~]# ll /mnt/
total 36
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 7 02:26 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 7 02:26 2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 6
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 7
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 8
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 6 03:02 lost+found
[[email protected] ~]# cat /mnt/1.txt
12345678
[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /mnt 可以清楚的查看后lv1缩容后的大小，里面的文件并没有损坏。
扩容
**卸载掉lv1卷**
[[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt/
**设置卷的大小为4.5G**
[[email protected] ~]# lvresize -L 4.5G /dev/vg1/lv1
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 1.00 GiB (256 extents) to 4.50 GiB (1152 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
**检查磁盘错误 **
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg1/lv1: 16/261632 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 36907/1048576 blocks
**更新lv卷信息**
[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs !$
resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 1179648 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 1179648 blocks long.
**查看卷信息**
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay !$
lvdisplay /dev/vg1/lv1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/lv1
LV Name lv1
VG Name vg1
LV UUID q6dAzJ-1dbC-2EoY-Fzcp-QqEE-enuU-FS5BLT
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time aiker01, 2017-12-06 03:02:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 4.50 GiB
Current LE 1152
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4
**重新挂载**
[[email protected] ~]# mount !$ /mnt/
mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
**查看分区挂载情况**
[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 4.4G 16M 4.2G 1% /mnt扩容成功完成
卷组增加容量和对lv在线扩容
增加磁盘（略）
快速分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 8
First sector (25176064-41943039, default 25176064):
Using default value 25176064
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (25176064-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 8 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8, default 8):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
手动更新分区表
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe
列出分区
**[[email protected] ~]# parted -l
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 2149MB 2147MB primary lvm
2 2149MB 4296MB 2147MB primary lvm
3 4296MB 6443MB 2147MB primary lvm
4 6443MB 21.5GB 15.0GB extended
5 6445MB 8592MB 2147MB logical lvm
6 8593MB 10.7GB 2147MB logical lvm
7 10.7GB 12.9GB 2147MB logical lvm
8 12.9GB 15.0GB 2147MB logical lvm**
创建PV
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb8
Physical volume "/dev/sdb8" successfully created.
**vg扩展**
[[email protected] ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb8
Volume group "vg1" successfully extended[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay vg1
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 4
Metadata Sequence No 26
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 4
Act PV 4
VG Size 7.98 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2044
Alloc PE / Size 1152 / 4.50 GiB
Free PE / Size 892 / 3.48 GiB
VG UUID dx3XD9-rQBV-QtBu-EebN-wgjI-CQcn-36iIbmlv扩容
这里是比较简单的扩容，直接把新分区给加了进去
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend /dev/vg1/lv1 /dev/sdb8
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 4.50 GiB (1152 extents) to <6.50 GiB (1663 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg1/lv1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/lv1
LV Name lv1
VG Name vg1
LV UUID q6dAzJ-1dbC-2EoY-Fzcp-QqEE-enuU-FS5BLT
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time aiker01, 2017-12-06 03:02:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <6.50 GiB
Current LE 1663
Segments 4
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:4 更新lv挂载卷前
[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 4.4G 16M 4.2G 1% /mnt更新lv挂载信息（这步很重要）
[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 #xfs文件系统不适用，xfs文件系统需要执行xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1 xfs
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 is mounted on /mnt; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 is now 1702912 blocks long.更新后
[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 6.4G 18M 6.1G 1% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# ll /mnt/
total 36
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 7 02:26 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 7 02:26 2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 7 02:34 6
[[email protected] ~]# cat /mnt/1.txt
12345678之前都是ext4文件系统的lvm操作，虽然xfs不支持缩容但是可以扩容，这里是在线扩容
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg1/lv3
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/lv3
LV Name lv3
VG Name vg1
LV UUID I4f9zy-OqLx-DRtM-LRs8-FCS8-Ia2R-BcsT4r
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time aiker01, 2017-12-08 01:21:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 700.00 MiB
Current LE 175
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:6[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 6.4G 18M 6.1G 1% /mnt
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv3 xfs 697M 26M 672M 4% /temp
**重新设置lv大小**
[[email protected] ~]# lvresize -L 800M /dev/vg1/lv3
Size of logical volume vg1/lv3 changed from 700.00 MiB (175 extents) to 800.00 MiB (200 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv3 successfully resized.
更新lv卷信息（这步很重要）
[[email protected] ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg1-lv3
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-lv3 isize=512 agcount=6, agsize=32000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=179200, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 179200 to 204800
[[email protected] ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 8.6G 5.3G 3.4G 62% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 8.7M 2.4G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 2.4G 0 2.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home xfs 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/cl-var xfs 3.0G 159M 2.8G 6% /var
/dev/sda2 xfs 497M 132M 366M 27% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg2-lv2 ext4 3.9G 16M 3.7G 1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 ext4 6.4G 18M 6.1G 1% /mnt
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv3 xfs 797M 26M 772M 4% /temp4.13 磁盘故障小案例
1.新建分区的时候 w 保存出现警告。使用fdisk里面的 p 还可以查看到已经分好的区，但是/dev/没有该分区， 执行了partprobe会显示出来，但是无法格式化。
原因：另外一块磁盘不存在，但是配置文件/etc/fstab中又有挂载的配置，挂载出问题就导致这样的故障。
2.重启造成的开机错误。进入不了系统，
解决办法：输入root密码，就可以进去了。
使用vi /etc/fstab命令查看原因
vim /etc/fstab删除最后一行，将光标移到最后一行，然后按dd，删除整行。：wq保存。reboot重启系统。
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