小型机IBM P550 AIX 更换硬盘步骤 操作LVM及文件系统
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1、列出系统上所有硬盘
# lspv
hdisk0 00f6ee8a7017d102 rootvg active
2、插入2块新硬盘，再次查看
lspv 查看设备上所有的硬盘，显示是否有ID，属于哪个VG，是否激活
# lspv
hdisk0 00f6ee8a7017d102 rootvg active
hdisk1 None None
hdisk2 None None
3、新硬盘换上去是none，需要启用此硬盘（分配ID），且加入卷组（加入卷组才能被文件系统使用）
# chdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes
hdisk1 changed
# lspv
hdisk0 00f6ee8a7017d102 rootvg active
hdisk1 00f6ee8a7374ce47 None
hdisk2 00cc10bdfb23ea2a None
4、创建VG，把硬盘加入到VG
# smit vg
Volume Groups
Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
List All Volume Groups
Add a Volume Group
Set Characteristics of a Volume Group
List Contents of a Volume Group
Remove a Volume Group
Activate a Volume Group
Deactivate a Volume Group
Import a Volume Group
Export a Volume Group
Mirror a Volume Group
Unmirror a Volume Group
Synchronize LVM Mirrors
Back Up a Volume Group
Remake a Volume Group
Preview Information about a Backup
Verify the Readability of a Backup (Tape only)
View the Backup Log
List Files in a Volume Group Backup
Restore Files in a Volume Group Backup
F1=Help F2=Refresh F3=Cancel Esc+8=Image
Esc+9=Shell Esc+0=Exit Enter=Do
Add a Volume Group
Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
Add an Original Volume Group
Add a Big Volume Group
Add a Scalable Volume Group
# smit vg
Add an Original Volume Group
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[Entry Fields]
VOLUME GROUP name []
Physical partition SIZE in megabytes +
* PHYSICAL VOLUME names [] +
Force the creation of a volume group? no +
Activate volume group AUTOMATICALLY yes +
at system restart?
Volume Group MAJOR NUMBER [] +#
Create VG Concurrent Capable? no
第一行填写VG名称
第二行填写VG的PP大小，未填写则使用默认值
第三回选择（esc+4）使用哪个pv来创建VG
创建完成查看VG
# lsvg
rootvg
testvg
5、有了VG，可以创建LV、创建fs、挂载fs
# smit lv
Add a Logical Volume
Type or select a value for the entry field.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[Entry Fields]
* VOLUME GROUP name [testvg]
选择要创建lv的vg，开始创建
Add a Logical Volume
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[TOP] [Entry Fields]
Logical volume NAME []
* VOLUME GROUP name testvg
* Number of LOGICAL PARTITIONS [] #
PHYSICAL VOLUME names [] +
Logical volume TYPE [] +
POSITION on physical volume middle +
RANGE of physical volumes minimum +
MAXIMUM NUMBER of PHYSICAL VOLUMES [] #
to use for allocation
Number of COPIES of each logical 1 +
partition
Mirror Write Consistency? active +
Allocate each logical partition copy yes +
on a SEPARATE physical volume?
RELOCATE the logical volume during yes +
reorganization?
Logical volume LABEL []
MAXIMUM NUMBER of LOGICAL PARTITIONS [512] #
Enable BAD BLOCK relocation? yes +
SCHEDULING POLICY for reading/writing parallel +
[MORE...5]
输入lv的name
可以使用的lp数量
使用的pv
lv type，文件系统类型 jfs2为日志文件系统
创建完成即可创建文件系统，挂载文件系统
File Systems
Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
List All File Systems
List All Mounted File Systems
Add / Change / Show / Delete File Systems
Mount a File System
Mount a Group of File Systems
Unmount a File System
Unmount a Group of File Systems
Verify a File System
Backup a File System
Restore a File System
List Contents of a Backup
Create and back up a snapshot
# smit fs
Add an Enhanced Journaled File System
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[Entry Fields]
Volume group name testvg
SIZE of file system
Unit Size Megabytes +
* Number of units [] #
* MOUNT POINT []
Mount AUTOMATICALLY at system restart? no +
PERMISSIONS read/write +
Mount OPTIONS [] +
Block Size (bytes) 4096 +
Logical Volume for Log +
Inline Log size (MBytes) [] #
Extended Attribute Format Version 1 +
ENABLE Quota Management?
填写此文件系统使用多少个M
选择挂载点
完成后挂载此文件系统即可
Mount a File System
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[Entry Fields]
FILE SYSTEM name [] +
DIRECTORY over which to mount [] +
TYPE of file system +
FORCE the mount? no +
REMOTE NODE containing the file system []
to mount
Mount as a REMOVABLE file system? no +
Mount as a READ-ONLY system? no +
Disallow DEVICE access via this mount? no +
Disallow execution of SUID and sgid programs no +
in this file system?
然后查看vg中的lv是否被创建（这里每个LP都对应有1个PV，说明此vg没有做镜像raid1.
如果有镜像，则会显示每个LP（逻辑分区）对应两倍的PP（物理分区），也就是PP是LP的两倍）
# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
testlv1 jfs 2 2 2 closed/syncd N/A
loglv00 jfs2log 1 1 2 open/syncd N/A
fslv01 jfs2 16 16 2 open/syncd /dir2
#
再查看hdisk2里面是否存在lv和文件系统
# lspv -l hdisk2
hdisk2:
LV NAME LPs PPs DISTRIBUTION MOUNT POINT
loglv00 1 1 00..01..00..00..00 N/A
fslv01 16 16 00..16..00..00..00 /dir2
testlv1 2 2 00..02..00..00..00 N/A
#
# df -m
Filesystem MB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 128.00 116.51 9% 1610 6% /
/dev/hd2 1280.00 110.46 92% 27968 51% /usr
/dev/hd9var 128.00 119.88 7% 348 2% /var
/dev/hd3 1152.00 1148.43 1% 63 1% /tmp
/dev/fwdump 384.00 319.45 17% 5 1% /var/adm/ras/platform
/dev/hd1 128.00 127.61 1% 11 1% /home
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 128.00 55.39 57% 2320 16% /opt
/dev/fslv01 2048.00 2047.36 1% 5 1% /dir2
# mount
node mounted mounted over vfs date options
-------- --------------- --------------- ------ ------------ ---------------
/dev/hd4 / jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd2 /usr jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd9var /var jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd3 /tmp jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/fwdump /var/adm/ras/platform jfs2 Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd1 /home jfs2 Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/proc /proc procfs Jan 01 22:40 rw
/dev/hd10opt /opt jfs2 Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/fslv01 /dir2 jfs2 Jan 01 23:26 rw,log=/dev/loglv00
#
文件系统是否存在且已经挂载
# df -m
Filesystem MB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 128.00 116.51 9% 1610 6% /
/dev/hd2 1280.00 110.46 92% 27968 51% /usr
/dev/hd9var 128.00 119.88 7% 348 2% /var
/dev/hd3 1152.00 1148.43 1% 63 1% /tmp
/dev/fwdump 384.00 319.45 17% 5 1% /var/adm/ras/platform
/dev/hd1 128.00 127.61 1% 11 1% /home
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 128.00 55.39 57% 2320 16% /opt
/dev/fslv01 2048.00 2047.36 1% 5 1% /dir2
# mount
node mounted mounted over vfs date options
-------- --------------- --------------- ------ ------------ ---------------
/dev/hd4 / jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd2 /usr jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd9var /var jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd3 /tmp jfs2 Jan 01 22:38 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/fwdump /var/adm/ras/platform jfs2 Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/hd1 /home jfs2 Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/proc /proc procfs Jan 01 22:40 rw
/dev/hd10opt /opt jfs2 Jan 01 22:40 rw,log=/dev/hd8
/dev/fslv01 /dir2 jfs2 Jan 01 23:26 rw,log=/dev/loglv00
#
/dev/fslv01就是我创建的大小为2G，挂载到/dir2目录下的文件系统
6、创建lvm镜像，保护文件系统，相当于raid1
把第三块盘hdisk2也加入到testvg，硬盘只有在同一个VG中才能相互做镜像
extendvg testvg hdisk2
查看下
# lspv
hdisk0 00cb5c8e000ce37c rootvg active
hdisk1 00cb5c8e0014cf4b testvg active
hdisk2 00cc10bdfb23ea2a testvg active
开始做镜像
# smit mirrorvg
Mirror a Volume Group
Type or select a value for the entry field.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[Entry Fields]
* VOLUME GROUP name [testvg]
Mirror a Volume Group
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[Entry Fields]
* VOLUME GROUP name testvg
Mirror sync mode [Foreground] +
PHYSICAL VOLUME names [] +
Number of COPIES of each logical 2 +
partition
Keep Quorum Checking On? no +
Create Exact LV Mapping? no +
完成以后再次查看vg详情
# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
testlv1 jfs 2 4 2 closed/syncd N/A
loglv00 jfs2log 1 2 2 open/syncd N/A
fslv01 jfs2 16 32 2 open/syncd /dir2
#
现在每个LP已经对应了两个PP，说明testvg已经存在副本（copies），已经做了raid1镜像。
这样，hdisk1或者hdisk2任意一个pv坏掉，都不影响数据访问。
7、实验：假设hdisk1坏掉，hdisk，/dir2中的file是否还存在。如何更换新硬盘，重建raid1
# lspv
hdisk0 00cb5c8e000ce37c rootvg active
hdisk1 00cb5c8e0014cf4b testvg active
hdisk2 00cc10bdfb23ea2a testvg active
# lsvg -p testvg
testvg:
PV_NAME PV STATE TOTAL PPs FREE PPs FREE DISTRIBUTION
hdisk1 active 546 527 110..90..109..109..109
hdisk2 active 546 527 110..90..109..109..109
#
拔掉hdisk1
# lspv
hdisk0 00cb5c8e000ce37c rootvg active
hdisk1 00cb5c8e0014cf4b testvg active
hdisk2 00cc10bdfb23ea2a testvg active
# lsvg -p testvg
testvg:
PV_NAME PV STATE TOTAL PPs FREE PPs FREE DISTRIBUTION
hdisk1 active 546 527 110..90..109..109..109
hdisk2 active 546 527 110..90..109..109..109
#
lvm中显示hdisk2还在。
# cat /dir2/file2
hi you
#
文件系统正常（因为已经在hdisk3中做了备份）
查看系统错误日志errpt
# errpt
IDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP T C RESOURCE_NAME DESCRIPTION
8647C4E2 0102004170 P H hdisk2 DISK OPERATION ERROR
8647C4E2 0102004170 P H hdisk2 DISK OPERATION ERROR
8647C4E2 0102004170 P H hdisk2 DISK OPERATION ERROR
8647C4E2 0102004170 P H hdisk2 DISK OPERATION ERROR
显示hdisk2不可操作
重新扫描设备
# cfgmgr
再查看testvg
# lsvg -p testvg
0516-034 : Failed to open VG special file. Probable causeis the VG was forced offline. Execute the varyoffvg and varyonvgcommands to bring the VG online.#
vg已经掉线
# lspv
hdisk0 00cb5c8e000ce37c rootvg active
hdisk1 00cb5c8e0014cf4b datevg active
hdisk2 00cc10bdfb23ea2a testvg
hdisk3 00cc10bd0015b0e6 testvg
hdisk4 00cc10bd001c1225 None
此时testvg下的文件系统已经只可读，不可写。
直接拔掉硬盘导致vg挂掉。（这不是硬盘坏掉更换硬盘的步骤）
正常步骤先去掉镜像，踢出vg再拔掉坏盘。
现在插回hdisk2，也已经无法回复vg了。
只有重启之后，VG才自带恢复正常。
再次测试更换1块硬盘，hdisk2
lspv
lspv -l hdisk2
lsvg -l testvg
lspv -p hdisk3
rmlvcopy fslv01 1 hdisk2 去掉hdisk2中做了镜像的lv及fs
rmlvcopy loglv00 1 hdisk2
查看是否已经去掉
# lslv -l fslv01
fslv01:/dir2
PV COPIES IN BAND DISTRIBUTION
hdisk3 016:000:000 100% 000:016:000:000:000
fslv01已经不存在hdisk2里面了
lspv -l hdisk2
lsvg -l testvg
已经去掉了，可以把hdisk2踢出vg
reducevg testvg hdisk2
lsvg -l testvg
# lspv
hdisk0 00cb5c8e000ce37c rootvg active
hdisk1 00cb5c8e0014cf4b datevg active
hdisk2 00cc10bdfb23ea2a None
hdisk3 00cc10bd0015b0e6 testvg active
再然后，从系统中删除hdisk2的磁盘定义
# rmdev -dl hdisk2
hdisk2 deleted
# lspv
hdisk0 00cb5c8e000ce37c rootvg active
hdisk1 00cb5c8e0014cf4b datevg active
hdisk3 00cc10bd0015b0e6 testvg active
# lsdev -Cc disk
hdisk0 Available 08-08-00-4,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk1 Available 08-08-00-5,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk3 Available 08-08-01-5,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk4 Available 08-08-01-8,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
现在，hdisk2可以从设备中拔出来了。
更换上新硬盘
让系统扫描设备，发现新硬盘
# cfgmgr -v
lspv
lsdev -Cc disk
就可以看到新硬盘
加入vg，创建镜像
extendvg testvg hdisk2
# mklvcopy loglv00 2 hdisk2
# lspv -l hdisk2
hdisk2:
LV NAME LPs PPs DISTRIBUTION MOUNT POINT
loglv00
分别把testvg中所有的lv和fs都mklvcopy一下。
查看状态，fslv01已经存在copies了，分别在hdisk2和hdisk3中
# lslv -l fslv01
fslv01:/dir2
PV COPIES IN BAND DISTRIBUTION
hdisk3 016:000:000 100% 000:016:000:000:000
hdisk2 016:000:000 100% 000:016:000:000:000
#
# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
testlv1 jfs 2 4 2 closed/stale N/A
loglv00 jfs2log 1 2 2 open/stale N/A
fslv01 jfs2 16 32 2 open/stale /dir2
此时LV state状态是stale，非正常的已经同步状态
接着需要同步lv镜像
# syncvg -p hdisk2
查看状态
# lsvg -l testvg
testvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
testlv1 jfs 2 4 2 closed/syncd N/A
loglv00 jfs2log 1 2 2 open/syncd N/A
fslv01 jfs2 16 32 2 open/syncd /dir2
#
此时已经VG中的LV已经恢复正常，同步完成。
到此更换硬盘的整个步骤以及完成。
other :
清除机器面板黄灯告警。
# /usr/lpp/diagnostics/bin/usysfault -s normal
本文出自 “红枫” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://redmaple34.blog.51cto.com/2621361/1775412
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