字典是一种key:value,的数据类型,使用时就像我们上学用的字典,通过key查找对应的value值
特性:
·key:value结构
·key必须是可hash的,key必须唯一
·value可以是任意多个值、可修改、可以不唯一
·无序的,因为没有索引,所以没有顺序
·查找速度快
info = { "suyp":18, "lirs":"nan", "liuzhen":["it",19], "machao":("nan",20), "zhoubin":{ "IT":"开发工程师", "age":18 } } #key必须唯一 #value可以是任意值,例如:数字、字符串、列表、元组、字典 print(info["suyp"]) print(info["liuzhen"]) print(info["machao"]) print(info["zhoubin"]) print(info["zhoubin"]["IT"])#字典嵌套的查询 #执行结果 >>>18 >>>[‘it‘, 19] >>>(‘nan‘, 20) >>>{‘IT‘: ‘开发工程师‘, ‘age‘: 18} >>>开发工程师
字典修改:
info = { "suyp":18, "lirs":"nan", "liuzhen":["it",19], "machao":("nan",20), "zhoubin":{ "IT":"开发工程师", "age":18 } } info["suyp"]="SUYP" #修改value info["liuzhen"][1]=20 #修改value:列表 info["zhoubin"]["IT"]="设计师"#修改value:字典嵌套 print(info) #执行结果 >>>{‘suyp‘: ‘SUYP‘, ‘lirs‘: ‘nan‘, ‘liuzhen‘: [‘it‘, 20], ‘machao‘: (‘nan‘, 20), ‘zhoubin‘: {‘IT‘: ‘设计师‘, ‘age‘: 18}}
字典的增加
info = { "suyp":18, "lirs":"nan", "liuzhen":["it",19], "machao":("nan",20), "zhoubin":{ "IT":"开发工程师", "age":18 } } info["wanggx"]=18 # 增加 [key] = value
字典的查找
info = { "suyp":18, "lirs":"nan", "liuzhen":["it",19], "machao":("nan",20), "zhoubin":{ "IT":"开发工程师", "age":18 } } print("suyp"in info) #判断key是否在info中,有则返回True,没有返回False print(info.get("suyp"))#如果key存在info中,返回value,没有返回None
字典的删除
info = { "suyp":18, "lirs":"nan", "liuzhen":["it",19], "machao":("nan",20), "zhoubin":{ "IT":"开发工程师", "age":18 } } print(info.pop("suyp")) #删除一个key并返回value print(info.popitem())#随机删除一个key并返回value print(info.clear())#清空字典
info = { "suyp":18, "lirs":"nan", "liuzhen":["it",19], "machao":("nan",20), "zhoubin":{ "IT":"开发工程师", "age":18 } } del info["suyp"] #删除指定的key print(info)
多级字典的嵌套