2. 配置非默认端口的动态服务注册

Posted 2020-10-28 llill

转载自：https://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/5925526

从Oracle客户端连接到服务器，除了使用静态注册方式之外，9i后续的版本支持动态注册服务，同时可以将服务注册到非默认的端口。将服务注册到非默认端口可以提高数据库系统的安全性。

一、服务器端的配置

--1.配置非默认的listener.ora，即侦听器为list2，且端口号改为，可以使用netca，netmgr或vim等来完成，配置的内容如下：
[[email protected] admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LIST2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
  )
--2.配置tnsnames.ora，同样可以使用netca，netmgr或vim等来完成，配置的内容如下：
[[email protected] admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

list2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)
    )
  ) 

--3.启动非默认的侦听器
[[email protected] admin]$ lsnrctl start list2

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-SEP-2010 19:49:31
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/log/list2.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     list2
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                15-SEP-2010 19:49:31
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/log/list2.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully      

--4.设定local_listener参数
SQL> show parameter local_listener;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string
SQL> alter system set local_listener = ‘list2‘;

System altered.

--5.查看侦听器list2的状态，orcl.robinson.com服务已成功注册
如果没有成功注册，执行这个语句alter system register;
[[email protected] admin]$ lsnrctl status list2
----------------------------中间部分省略-----------------------------------
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oradb.robinson.com)(PORT=1421)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl_XPT.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully  

二、客户端配置

客户端为OS为Winxp，Oracle客户端软件为Oracle 10g 客户端
可以使用Winxp上的配置工具配置tnsnames.ora，也可以将服务器上的tnsnames.ora配置文件复制到本地OS或将内容更新到本地的tnsnames.ora文件
演示中为从服务器上的tnsnames.ora的内容更新到本地客户端的tnsnames.ora
    C:/>sqlplus /nolog

    SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期二9月14 20:05:23 2010
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

    SQL> conn scott/[email protected];
    Connected.  
    
将客户端的网络服务名更新为abc，如下
    abc =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS_LIST =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
        )
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)
        )
      ) 
尝试再次连接，可以成功连接，由此可以看出跟网络服务名无关，重要的连接描述信息
    SQL> conn system/[email protected]
    Connected.

 

三、常见故障(ORA-00119和ORA-00132错误解决)

--1.启动实例时收到如下错误提示
SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name ‘list2‘

方法一
--从描述中可以看到参数local_listener设置的值list2无效
    SQL> ho oerr ora 00132
    00132, 00000, "syntax error or unresolved network name ‘%s‘"
    // *Cause:  Listener address has syntax error or cannot be resolved.
    // *Action: If a network name is specified, check that it corresponds
    //          to an entry in TNSNAMES.ORA or other address repository
    //          as configured for your system. Make sure that the entry
    //          is syntactically correct.

--根据提示检查服务器端的tnsnames.ora
    [[email protected] admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
    # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

    list =           --此处为list，将其改为list2
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS_LIST =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1421))
        )
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinson.com)
        )
      ) 
--改为list2后，实例正常启动

方法二
也可以先使用pfile启动,在pfile中指定spfile的路径,然后再增加一行local_listener=‘‘如下：
spfile=‘/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfileorcl.ora‘
local_listener = ‘‘
启动实例后再使用alter system set local_listener = ‘‘ scope = spfile;来修改spfile 文件，重启即可
关于pfile的常见故障可以参考：
    Oracle 参数文件 
    SPFILE 错误导致数据库无法启动(ORA-01565)
    又一例SPFILE设置错误导致数据库无法启动

--2.修改参数local_listener时出现的错误提示
假定此处中的侦听为默认的侦听器，但端口号使用的是非默认端口，而是使用的.
服务器端的listener.ora和tnsnames.ora的配置信息如下：
    [[email protected] admin]$ cat listener.ora
    # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

    LISTENER =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))
      )

    [[email protected] admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
    # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

    orcl.robinson.com =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS_LIST =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))
        )
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinosn.com)
        )
      )     

对于非默认端口，我们需要修改local_listener，如下
    SQL> alter system set local_listener =‘listener‘; --修改时收到了ORA-02097、ORA-00119错误
    alter system set local_listener =‘listener‘
    *
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
    ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
    ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name ‘listener‘   

对于默认的侦听器，同样需要修改服务器端tnsnames.ora的网络服务名，使得与侦听器的名字相同
则tnsnames.ora修改后的内容为：
    listener =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS_LIST =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradb.robinson.com)(PORT = 1522))
        )
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.robinosn.com)
        )
      )     
再次修改local_listener参数
    SQL> alter system set local_listener = ‘listener‘;

    System altered.
修改完毕后，可以看到服务已经注册
    Services Summary...
    Service "orcl.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "orclXDB.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    Service "orcl_XPT.robinson.com" has 1 instance(s).
      Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
        The command completed successfully 

　　

四、总结

1.对于使用非默认端口的动态注册，需要手工指定端口号。
2.不管服务器段使用的是缺省的侦听器还是非缺省的侦听器，只要使用到了非默认端口，则需要修改服务器端的tnsnames.ora中的网络服务名使其与侦听器的名字相同。
3.修改local_listener 参数设置本地侦听器的名称。因为pmon进程仅仅会轮询检查默认号端口的侦听器,并在查找到时进行注册。
    alter system set local_listener = ‘listener_name‘;
4.成功修改local_listener参数后，如果还没有看到注册的服务名，使用下面的命令来实现注册(10g不需要)
    alter system register;
5.客户端的tnsnames.ora可以使用服务器端tnsnames.ora中的网络服务名，也可以使用其他的名字，即可以任意命名。