实现环境
Centos 7 64位
IP地址：172.17.11.186
nginx：1.12.0
mysql：5.7.18
php：7.1.4
yum源：aliyun源
首先下载好我们的需要的包
创建一个目录存放下载的软件
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /software
[[email protected] ~]# cd /software/
去它们各自的官网下载最新版，下载命令参考
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.gz
wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.40/pcre-8.40.tar.gz
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
wget http://hk1.php.net/distributions/php-7.1.4.tar.gz
这是需要的包
[[email protected] software]# ls
mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.g nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz php-7.1.4.tar.gz
关闭系统限制,可以换成iptables
关闭系统防火墙
[[email protected] software]# yum install iptables-*
[[email protected] software]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[[email protected] software]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[[email protected] software]# systemctl star iptables
[[email protected] software]# systemctl enable iptables
关闭SElinux
[[email protected] software]# sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/‘ /etc/selinux/config
[[email protected] software]# setenforce 0
开始安装nginx
创建www账户 用来启动nginx
[[email protected] software]# useradd www -s /sbin/nologin
安装依赖的包
[[email protected] software]# yum -y install pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ gcc openssl*
解压Nginx源码包
[email protected] software]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
进入解压后的目录，对Nginx进行配置
[[email protected] software]# cd nginx-1.12.0/
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --user=www --group=www\
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx\
--with-http_realip_module\
--with-http_sub_module\
--with-http_gzip_static_module\
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre
编译和安装
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install
启动Nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
浏览器访问测试是否ok
关闭Nginx进程
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# killall nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# ps -ef|grep nginx
nginx命令做软连接方便使用
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/nginx
编写nginx启动脚本
cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=//usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
修改完systemctl服务，需要重新加载下daemon
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl daemon-reload
用systemctl启动Nginx服务，并查看状态
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl start nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl status nginx
设置nginx开机启动
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# systemctl enable nginx
nginx安装完成，下面安装mysql
安装MySQL
安装依赖包
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.0]# cd /software/
[[email protected] software]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake gcc gcc-c++
创建用户和组
[[email protected] software]# groupadd mysql
[[email protected] software]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M
[[email protected] software]# id mysql
解压mysql源码包
[[email protected] software]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.gz
进入解压后的目录，对mysql进行配置（5.5以上都是cmake）
[[email protected] software]# cd mysql-5.7.18/
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.18]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/etc -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
记住这个/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock，php连接mysql会用到。
编译和安装
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.18]# make && make install
初始化数据库及启动
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.18]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.18]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
cat >> my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.# join_buffer_size = 128M# sort_buffer_size = 2M# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
EOF
[[email protected] mysql]# chown mysql.mysql my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# echo ‘PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH‘ >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] mysql]# echo ‘export PATH‘ >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] mysql]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[[email protected] mysql]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[[email protected] mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[[email protected] mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[[email protected] data]# ps -ef|grep mysql
设置mysql开机启动
[[email protected] mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
查看Mysql启动状态
[[email protected] mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
进入数据库，创建一个测试数据库以及授权远程用户可访问这个数据库
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database ceshi CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on ceshi.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘ceshi2017‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看授权的用户表
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT(‘User: ‘‘‘,user,‘‘‘@‘‘‘,host,‘‘‘;‘) AS query FROM mysql.user;
+--------------------------------+
| query |
+--------------------------------+
| User: ‘ceshi‘@‘%‘; |
| User: ‘mysql.sys‘@‘localhost‘; |
| User: ‘root‘@‘localhost‘; |
+--------------------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在别的机器连接172.17.11.186的ceshi数据库
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -h172.16.0.20 -uceshi -p‘ceshi2017‘mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.7.18 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+| Database |
+--------------------+| information_schema || ceshi |
+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP 7 安装
PHP 7 在15年年底推出，PHP官方说的比 PHP 5 快2倍。不过有个很值得注意的地方是，虽然 PHP 7 增加了不少新特性，但也很多地方是向后不兼容的，例如 mysql 扩展，在 PHP 7 中已经被删除。 现在最新版本是7.4.9。
进入software目录
[[email protected] mysql]# cd /software/
接着解压php源码包
[[email protected] software]# tar zxvf php-7.1.4.tar.gz
再进入解压后的文件夹
[[email protected] software]# cd php-7.1.4/
这里将只安装一些常用的扩展，可以根据自己的实际需要进行增减，可以通过以下命令查看PHP安装是具体有有些扩展和选项：
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# ./configure --help
有接近300个选项。
安装之前要先安装那些准备装的扩展要用到的软件模块
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel curl curl-devel openssl openssl-devel
接下来 configure PHP 7
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-mysqli --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-session --enable-ftp --enable-pdo -enable-tokenizer --enable-zip
上面已经提到，PHP 7 已经删除了 MySQL 扩展，所以 -with-mysql 不再是一个有效的选项。这里用 MySQLi 或 PDO 代替。
其中 --prefix 是安装目录，上面提到在同一个服务器安装多个 PHP 版本，这个 --prefix 设定是很有必要的。至于其他扩展大家按实际增减。
如果 configure 成功的话，将会看到以下类似字样：
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
编译和安装
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# make && make install
好，PHP 7 已经安装完成，下面进行配置
先是 PHP 的配置文档
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
php.ini 路径应该放在 PREFIX/lib 文件夹，除非在安装的时候通过这个选项修改
--with-config-file-path=PATH
如果安装 PHP 时没有指明 --prefix ，那么就 php.ini 路径就是 /usr/local/lib/php.ini 。刚才安装时有指明 --prefix ，所以是 /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
然后根据实际自己需要修改 php.ini。
查找 mysqli.default_socket，修改成 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock：
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep mysqli.default_socket /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
mysqli.default_socket =
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# sed -i ‘s#mysqli.default_socket =#mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock#‘ /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep mysqli.default_socket /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
其中 /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 就是上面安装 MySQL 时提到的。这个值必须填，否则会出现如下错误：
Warning: mysqli_connect(): (HY000/2002): No such file or directory
修改时区，查找 date.timezone，改成（主要将前面的 ; 去掉，这个是注释用的）：
[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep date.timezone /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# sed -i ‘s#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai#‘ /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep date.timezone /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
; http://php.net/date.timezone
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
好了，PHP 7 已经安装好，下面验证一下
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -v
PHP 7.1.4 (cli) (built: Apr 17 2017 14:58:11) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
再查看下已经安装的模块
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
fileinfo
filter
ftp
gdhash
iconv
json
libxml
mbstring
mysqli
mysqlnd
openssl
pcre
PDO
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
SPL
sqlite3
standard
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
zip
zlib
[Zend Modules]
接下来配置 php-fpm，复制 php-fpm 的配置文档
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
修改 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf，把启动用户改为和nginx服务同一个启动用户（前面Nginx使用的是www账户，这里改成和Nginx使用一样的账户；一般都是使用www用户）
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep -E ‘user =|group =‘ /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = nginx
group = nginx
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# sed -i ‘s#user = nginx#user = www#‘ /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# sed -i ‘s#group = nginx#group = www#‘ /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep -E ‘user =|group =‘ /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = www
group = www
;listen.group = www
其中www.conf要留意这个值 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep ‘listen = 127.0.0.1‘ /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
这里使用 9000 端口，这个选项在配置 Nginx 网站时要用到的。
配置 php-fpm 启动服务脚本
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
查看启动脚本中指定的程序目录和pid文件（默认已经修改过了，如果没有修改过执行下面操作）
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# grep -E ‘PIDFile|ExecStart‘ /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改启动脚本，把里边 prefix 相关的内容用实际路径代替
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
将
PIDFile=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config ${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
修改成
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
重新载入 systemd
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# systemctl daemon-reload
让 php-fpm 随机启动
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
立即启动 php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# systemctl start php-fpm
查看状态
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2017-04-17 15:37:06 CST; 1min 9s ago
Main PID: 55770 (php-fpm)
CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
├─55770 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
├─55771 php-fpm: pool www
└─55772 php-fpm: pool www
4月 17 15:37:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
4月 17 15:37:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
好，php-fpm 已经成功启动，那就立即建个网站看看
配置 Nginx 站点
先建立一个 lnmp 站点，路径是 /var/www/html
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# mkdir -p /var/www/html
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# chown -R www.www /var/www
并准备好 phpinfo 测试文件
cat >> /var/www/html/test.php << EOF<?php
phpinfo();
EOF
创建一个 Nginx 配置文件放到 /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d 中
[[email protected] php-7.1.4]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[[email protected] conf]# sed -i ‘$i\include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*;‘ nginx.conf
[[email protected] conf]# cat nginx.conf
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir conf.d
[[email protected] conf]# cd conf.d/
创建test.com.conf文件并写入以下内容
cat >> test.com.conf <<EOF
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/html;
location / {
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME \$document_root\$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PHP_VALUE open_basedir=\$document_root:/tmp/:/proc/;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
EOF
其中 server_name localhost; 中的 localhost 改成你自己的域名（例如：www.baidu.com，这里我直接使用localhost和81端口来测试。网站域名解析默认都是使用80端口的）
其中 root /var/www/html; 就是刚才创建的站点目录
其中 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 就是上面配置 php-fpm 提到要留意的值
修改配置后一定要记得 reload nginx 才能生效
[[email protected] conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
[[email protected] conf.d]# systemctl reload php-fpm
最后的配置（nginx服务器的IP必须和域名做解析，才可以使用域名访问服务，域名购买一般在阿里云上购买）
这里我们直接使用IP:81访问（因为我们使用的端口是80；域名是localhost，也就是nginx所在主机IP的意思）