keepalived

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keepalived双主模式实现nginx高可用及LNAMMP架构

一、利用keepalived实现nginx调度器高可用;

二、构建LNAMMP架构:

1) Nginx既是前端调度器,又是缓存服务器;

2) 将php的session缓存于memcached中;

3) 在Apache和php上部署Discuz论坛程序;

4) 使用https连接,即使用户使用的是http协议也可以以https协议进行访问;


一、

实验规划:

director1: ip(172.16.1.8),虚拟ip(172.16.1.100)

director2: ip(172.16.1.9),虚拟ip(172.16.1.200)

RS1: rip(172.16.1.3)

RS2: rip(172.16.1.6)

1.首先关闭所有节点上iptables和selinux,同时进行时间同步。

2.在两个后端RS上分别添加一个网页

echo "www1.zrs.com" > /var/www/html/index.html

echo "www2.zrs.com" > /var/www/html/index.html

3.两个director配置

安装keepalived

yum -y install keepalived

4.安装nginx

此次用EPEL源的安装包,也可以编译安装

~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

~]# vim nginx.repo

[nginx]

name=nginx repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

~]# yum install -y nginx

5.在nginx.conf配置文件中的http段内添加upstream内容,将后端两台RS加入到该upstream中

upstream webservers {

server 172.16.1.3;

server 172.16.1.6;

}

server {

listen 80;

location / {

    proxy_pass http://webservers;

    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

}

}

6.配置keepalived的主配置文件,实现对nginx的双主模式的高可用:

keepalived的配置文件1:
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! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {br/>[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id drct1
vrrp_mcast_group4 224.200.100.18
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 81
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass zrs66zrs
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.1.100/32 brd 172.16.1.100 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:0
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state BACKUP
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 80
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass zrs88zrs
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.1.200/32 brd 172.16.1.200 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:1
}
}

keepalived的配置文件2:
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!Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
br/>[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id drct1
vrrp_mcast_group4 224.200.100.18
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 81
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass zrs66zrs
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.1.200/32 brd 172.16.1.200 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:0
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 80
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass zrs88zrs
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.1.100/32 brd 172.16.1.100 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:1
}
}

7.开启核心转发功能

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

查看keepalived状态

c3ed3a4a25d8acccae25049a84c0d7d0.png

a929f05bf4a0cd2921d740b6e2bd3482.png

测试一下

f32512fcd1689d00569d1629569b9fd2.png

关闭一个后端RS的httpd服务

5804c2c7050f6449899024c65ea9085c.png

重新打开那个httpd服务

62977c9d158ec7f8fe04d36e441d2950.png

客户端查看,由于是轮询模式,所以两个后端RS主机交替访问,分别查看两个虚拟ip地址,如下

76a842516604d375ff9df916c0a98d56.png

b9e643330f695e0da34a77d7d05c5743.png

55440fdfc6659cbb1bb6bc2a83d8198b.png

d07f1de7b29cf61261d5ca8f18f8ba73.png

二、

LNAMMP架构:Linux+Nginx+Apache+mysql+Memcached+PHP

1.在两个后端RS上创建数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> create database dzdb;

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on dzdb.*TO ‘dzuser‘@‘172.16.%.%‘IDENTIFIED BY‘123456‘;

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

在两个后端RS上导入Discuz程序包,并解压,将解压出来的upload文件包移动到指定目录,并赋予必要的权限

cp -R ./upload /var/www/html

cd /var/www/html

chown apache:apache -R ./upload

cd upload/

chmod -R 777 config

chmod -R 777 data

chmod -R 777 uc_client

chmod -R 777 uc_server

打开浏览器查看

96ff40fbd037067a42b7b2c370af4f90.png

a19484574395d99115c51126f3bfa145.png

2.进行缓存设置,因为Nginx既是前端调度器,又是缓存服务器,所以选取其中一个调度器172.16.1.9作为这次的缓存服务器

在172.16.1.9上安装并开启服务

yum install -y memcached

systemctl start memcached

在后端两个RS上安装php和其连接memcache必要的扩展程序

yum install -y php php-pecl-memcache

修改/etc/php.ini该配置文件中的[Session]段中的缓存路径为如下,

session.save_handler = memcache

session.save_handler = "tcp://172.16.1.9:11211"

重载httpd

systemctl reload httpd

配置一个测试页面,以测试缓存设置是否正常

[[email protected] upload]# cd /var/www/html

[[email protected] html]# vim sessstore.php

配置内容如下

<?php

$mem = new Memcache;

$mem->connect("172.16.1.9", 11211) or die("Could not connect");

$version = $mem->getVersion();

echo "Server‘s version: ".$version."<br/>\n";

$mem->set(‘hellokey‘, ‘Hello World‘, 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");

echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n";

$get_result = $mem->get(‘hellokey‘);

echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";

?>

打开浏览器访问虚拟ip查看

92e8441e7910da8e3f07d2b316113ae7.png

ba0327fceddf713876202c4f114c710e.png

3.设置https协议访问

后端RS配置虚拟主机及密钥,安装https必要的程序包

yum install -y mod_ssl

前端nginx服务器上配置rewrite功能,在server模块中的location中添加如下

rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;

添加server配置段

server {

listen 443 ssl;

server_name www1.zrs.com;

ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;

ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;

ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;

ssl_session_timeout 5m;

ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

location / {

   root   html;

   index index.php index.html index.htm;

}

}

浏览器测试

ed09c2e40f77d25cc50a834cb92819e3.png

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