3.6 7.6-7.9听课笔记
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yum更换国内源
操作步骤:
1. 删除目录/etc/yum.repos.d/中原有的Base的repos文件
*操作完成后无法再下载包
2. 使用curl –O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 地址下载需要的repos文件(该操作也可以用wget来完成)
3. 清理原先的yum缓存(yum clean all)
4. 查看列出的可安装的包(yum list)
安装扩展源epel
base基础源
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release 安装扩展源
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
yum下载rpm包
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
软件包 zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#
*仅下载包但不安装包(当该包已经安装时无法下载)
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install zvbi –downloadonly 只下载不安装
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zvbi.x86_64.0.0.2.35-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit),它被软件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpng15.so.15()(64bit),它被软件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libpng.x86_64.2.1.5.13-7.el7_2 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================
正在安装:
zvbi x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel 415 k
为依赖而安装:
libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k
事务概要
===================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
总下载量:628 k
安装大小:1.9 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
(1/2): libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 213 kB 00:00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1985.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1985.tmp 的公钥尚未安装
(2/2): zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 415 kB 00:00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 651 kB/s | 628 kB 00:00
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
[[email protected] 7]# cd base
[[email protected] base]# ls
0c34273ad0292747ee5e15c047d3e51c67ca59861a446972db45d71abacc7ad7-primary.sqlite.bz2
9346184be1deb727caf4b1ecf4a7949155da5da74af9b92c172687b290a773df-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
cachecookie
gen
packages
repomd.xml
[[email protected] base]# cd pachages
-bash: cd: pachages: 没有那个文件或目录
[[email protected] base]# ls -l
总用量 6052
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6023293 9月 6 05:51 0c34273ad0292747ee5e15c047d3e51c67ca59861a446972db45d71abacc7ad7-primary.sqlite.bz2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 159667 9月 6 05:51 9346184be1deb727caf4b1ecf4a7949155da5da74af9b92c172687b290a773df-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 3月 6 20:08 cachecookie
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 31 3月 6 20:08 gen
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 6 20:33 packages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3735 9月 6 05:51 repomd.xml
[[email protected] base]# cd packages
[[email protected] packages]# ls
libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages libpng包存放在该目录下
[[email protected] packages]# yum install zvbi --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 下载包并指定下载路径
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zvbi.x86_64.0.0.2.35-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit),它被软件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpng15.so.15()(64bit),它被软件包 zvbi-0.2.35-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 libpng.x86_64.2.1.5.13-7.el7_2 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
===================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
===================================================================================
正在安装:
zvbi x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel 415 k
为依赖而安装:
libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k
事务概要
===================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)
总下载量:628 k
安装大小:1.9 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[[email protected] packages]#
[[email protected] packages]#yum reinstall zvbi --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ 在包已经被安装时重新下载这个包
源码包安装
约定服务器源码包安装位置:
/usr/local/src
可以到r.aminglinux.com(输入后自动跳转页面),下载源码包
[[email protected] src]# ls
httpd-2.2.34 httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# cd httpd-2.2.34
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE config.layout httpd.spec LICENSE README.platforms
acinclude.m4 configure include Makefile.in README-win32.txt
Apache.dsw configure.in INSTALL Makefile.win ROADMAP
build docs InstallBin.dsp modules server
BuildAll.dsp emacs-style LAYOUT NOTICE srclib
BuildBin.dsp httpd.dep libhttpd.dep NWGNUmakefile support
buildconf httpd.dsp libhttpd.dsp os test
CHANGES httpd.mak libhttpd.mak README VERSIONING
*两个分别为安装文档和说明文档
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]#
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 指定安装路径
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...
checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.5.2
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
configure failed for srclib/apr
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# echo $? 如果不知道上一条命令是否执行成功可以使用
1 为1则失败,为0成功
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# echo $? 指明该命令的上一条命令是正确的
0
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 ./configure是配置的过程,过程中出现问题就会停下报错,解决问题后再重运行直到配置完全完成
*配置的过程中会生成一个makefile文件,根据该文件进行编译
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# make 对该目录下产生的makefile文件进行编译
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# echo $? 检测
0
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# make install 将编译完成的文件放到prefix指定的目录下
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.34]# ls /usr/local/apache2
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
发现源码包安装的文件都在prefix指定的目录下,所以若要卸载这个包只要删除对应的目录就可以
*源码包最好到可信任的站点下载,否则可能被攻击
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