Matplotlib可视化

Posted 2020-10-26 88aa123

画直线图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1,2,3])
plt.ylabel(\'some numbers\')
plt.show()

 基本画图

 1 import numpy as np
 2 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 3 from pylab import *
 4 
 5 # 定义数据部分
 6 x = np.arange(0., 10, 0.2)
 7 y1 = np.cos(x)
 8 y2 = np.sin(x)
 9 y3 = np.sqrt(x)
10 
11 # 绘制 3 条函数曲线
12 plt.plot(x, y1, color=\'blue\', linewidth=1.5, linestyle=\'-\', marker=\'.\', label=r\'$y = cos{x}$\')
13 plt.plot(x, y2, color=\'green\', linewidth=1.5, linestyle=\'-\', marker=\'*\', label=r\'$y = sin{x}$\')
14 plt.plot(x, y3, color=\'m\', linewidth=1.5, linestyle=\'-\', marker=\'x\', label=r\'$y = \\sqrt{x}$\')
15 
16 # 坐标轴上移
17 ax = plt.subplot(111)
18 ax.spines[\'right\'].set_color(\'none\')     # 去掉右边的边框线
19 ax.spines[\'top\'].set_color(\'none\')       # 去掉上边的边框线
20 
21 # 移动下边边框线，相当于移动 X 轴
22 ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position(\'bottom\')
23 ax.spines[\'bottom\'].set_position((\'data\', 0))
24 
25 # 移动左边边框线，相当于移动 y 轴
26 ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position(\'left\')
27 ax.spines[\'left\'].set_position((\'data\', 0))
28 
29 # 设置 x, y 轴的取值范围
30 plt.xlim(x.min()*1.1, x.max()*1.1)
31 plt.ylim(-1.5, 4.0)
32 
33 # 设置 x, y 轴的刻度值
34 plt.xticks([2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [r\'2\', r\'4\', r\'6\', r\'8\', r\'10\'])
35 plt.yticks([-1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0],
36     [r\'-1.0\', r\'0.0\', r\'1.0\', r\'2.0\', r\'3.0\', r\'4.0\'])
37 
38 # 添加文字
39 plt.text(4, 1.68, r\'$x \\in [0.0, \\ 10.0]$\', color=\'k\', fontsize=15)
40 plt.text(4, 1.38, r\'$y \\in [-1.0, \\ 4.0]$\', color=\'k\', fontsize=15)
41 
42 # 特殊点添加注解
43 plt.scatter([8,],[np.sqrt(8),], 50, color =\'m\')  # 使用散点图放大当前点
44 plt.annotate(r\'$2\\sqrt{2}$\', xy=(8, np.sqrt(8)), xytext=(8.5, 2.2), fontsize=16, color=\'#090909\', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle=\'->\', connectionstyle=\'arc3, rad=0.1\', color=\'#090909\'))
45 
46 # 设置标题、x轴、y轴
47 plt.title(r\'$the \\ function \\ figure \\ of \\ cos(), \\ sin() \\ and \\ sqrt()$\', fontsize=19)
48 plt.xlabel(r\'$the \\ input \\ value \\ of \\ x$\', fontsize=18, labelpad=88.8)
49 plt.ylabel(r\'$y = f(x)$\', fontsize=18, labelpad=12.5)
50 
51 # 设置图例及位置
52 plt.legend(loc=\'upper left\')
53 # plt.legend([\'cos(x)\', \'sin(x)\', \'sqrt(x)\'], loc=\'up right\')
54 
55 # 显示网格线
56 plt.grid(True)
57 
58 # 显示绘图
59 plt.show()
60 #保存
61 #plt.savefig()

View Code

常用图形

曲线图：

x=np.arange(-5,5,0.1)
y=x ** 2
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

 

灰度图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.random.normal(size=1000)
plt.hist(x,bins=10)
plt.show()

散点图：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.random.normal(size=1000)
y=np.random.normal(size=1000)
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()

箱式图：

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x=np.random.normal(size=1000)
plt.boxplot(x)
plt.show()