69閬揝pring闈㈣瘯棰樺拰绛旀

Posted 2020-07-07

鏍囩锛?/p>

閾炬帴锛?a href="http://ifeve.com/spring-interview-questions-and-answers/">http://ifeve.com/spring-interview-questions-and-answers/
鍘熸枃锛?a href="http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2014/05/spring-interview-questions-and-answers.html%20">http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2014/05/spring-interview-questions-and-answers.html%20

Spring 姒傝堪

1. 浠€涔堟槸spring?
   Spring 鏄釜Java浼佷笟绾у簲鐢ㄧ殑寮€婧愬紑鍙戞鏋躲€係pring涓昏鐢ㄦ潵寮€鍙慗ava搴旂敤锛屼絾鏄湁浜涙墿灞曟槸閽堝鏋勫缓J2EE骞冲彴鐨剋eb搴旂敤銆係pring 妗嗘灦鐩爣鏄畝鍖朖ava浼佷笟绾у簲鐢ㄥ紑鍙戯紝骞堕€氳繃POJO涓哄熀纭€鐨勭紪绋嬫ā鍨嬩績杩涜壇濂界殑缂栫▼涔犳儻銆?/p>

2. 浣跨敤Spring妗嗘灦鐨勫ソ澶勬槸浠€涔堬紵
   杞婚噺锛歋pring 鏄交閲忕殑锛屽熀鏈殑鐗堟湰澶х害2MB銆?
   鎺у埗鍙嶈浆锛歋pring閫氳繃鎺у埗鍙嶈浆瀹炵幇浜嗘澗鏁ｈ€﹀悎锛屽璞′滑缁欏嚭瀹冧滑鐨勪緷璧栵紝鑰屼笉鏄垱寤烘垨鏌ユ壘渚濊禆鐨勫璞′滑銆?
   闈㈠悜鍒囬潰鐨勭紪绋?AOP)锛歋pring鏀寔闈㈠悜鍒囬潰鐨勭紪绋嬶紝骞朵笖鎶婂簲鐢ㄤ笟鍔￠€昏緫鍜岀郴缁熸湇鍔″垎寮€銆?
   瀹瑰櫒锛歋pring 鍖呭惈骞剁鐞嗗簲鐢ㄤ腑瀵硅薄鐨勭敓鍛藉懆鏈熷拰閰嶇疆銆?
   MVC妗嗘灦锛歋pring鐨刉EB妗嗘灦鏄釜绮惧績璁捐鐨勬鏋讹紝鏄疻eb妗嗘灦鐨勪竴涓緢濂界殑鏇夸唬鍝併€?
   浜嬪姟绠＄悊锛歋pring 鎻愪緵涓€涓寔缁殑浜嬪姟绠＄悊鎺ュ彛锛屽彲浠ユ墿灞曞埌涓婅嚦鏈湴浜嬪姟涓嬭嚦鍏ㄥ眬浜嬪姟锛圝TA锛夈€?
   寮傚父澶勭悊锛歋pring 鎻愪緵鏂逛究鐨凙PI鎶婂叿浣撴妧鏈浉鍏崇殑寮傚父锛堟瘮濡傜敱JDBC锛孒ibernate or JDO鎶涘嚭鐨勶級杞寲涓轰竴鑷寸殑unchecked 寮傚父銆?/p>

3. Spring鐢卞摢浜涙ā鍧楃粍鎴?
   浠ヤ笅鏄疭pring 妗嗘灦鐨勫熀鏈ā鍧楋細
   Core module
   Bean module
   Context module
   Expression Language module
   JDBC module
   ORM module
   OXM module
   Java Messaging Service(JMS) module
   Transaction module
   Web module
   Web-Servlet module
   Web-Struts module
   Web-Portlet module

4. 鏍稿績瀹瑰櫒锛堝簲鐢ㄤ笂涓嬫枃) 妯″潡銆?
   杩欐槸鍩烘湰鐨凷pring妯″潡锛屾彁渚泂pring 妗嗘灦鐨勫熀纭€鍔熻兘锛孊eanFactory 鏄?浠讳綍浠pring涓哄熀纭€鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ殑鏍稿績銆係pring 妗嗘灦寤虹珛鍦ㄦ妯″潡涔嬩笂锛屽畠浣縎pring鎴愪负涓€涓鍣ㄣ€?/p>

5. BeanFactory 鈥?BeanFactory 瀹炵幇涓句緥銆?
   Bean 宸ュ巶鏄伐鍘傛ā寮忕殑涓€涓疄鐜帮紝鎻愪緵浜嗘帶鍒跺弽杞姛鑳斤紝鐢ㄦ潵鎶婂簲鐢ㄧ殑閰嶇疆鍜屼緷璧栦粠姝ｇ湡鐨勫簲鐢ㄤ唬鐮佷腑鍒嗙銆?
   鏈€甯哥敤鐨凚eanFactory 瀹炵幇鏄疿mlBeanFactory 绫汇€?/p>

6. XMLBeanFactory
   鏈€甯哥敤鐨勫氨鏄痮rg.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory 锛屽畠鏍规嵁XML鏂囦欢涓殑瀹氫箟鍔犺浇beans銆傝瀹瑰櫒浠嶺ML 鏂囦欢璇诲彇閰嶇疆鍏冩暟鎹苟鐢ㄥ畠鍘诲垱寤轰竴涓畬鍏ㄩ厤缃殑绯荤粺鎴栧簲鐢ㄣ€?/p>

7. 瑙ｉ噴AOP妯″潡
   AOP妯″潡鐢ㄤ簬鍙戠粰鎴戜滑鐨凷pring搴旂敤鍋氶潰鍚戝垏闈㈢殑寮€鍙戯紝 寰堝鏀寔鐢盇OP鑱旂洘鎻愪緵锛岃繖鏍峰氨纭繚浜哠pring鍜屽叾浠朅OP妗嗘灦鐨勫叡閫氭€с€傝繖涓ā鍧楀皢鍏冩暟鎹紪绋嬪紩鍏pring銆?/p>

8. 瑙ｉ噴JDBC鎶借薄鍜孌AO妯″潡銆?
   閫氳繃浣跨敤JDBC鎶借薄鍜孌AO妯″潡锛屼繚璇佹暟鎹簱浠ｇ爜鐨勭畝娲侊紝骞惰兘閬垮厤鏁版嵁搴撹祫婧愰敊璇叧闂鑷寸殑闂锛屽畠鍦ㄥ悇绉嶄笉鍚岀殑鏁版嵁搴撶殑閿欒淇℃伅涔嬩笂锛屾彁渚涗簡涓€涓粺涓€鐨勫紓甯歌闂眰銆傚畠杩樺埄鐢⊿pring鐨凙OP 妯″潡缁橲pring搴旂敤涓殑瀵硅薄鎻愪緵浜嬪姟绠＄悊鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

9. 瑙ｉ噴瀵硅薄/鍏崇郴鏄犲皠闆嗘垚妯″潡銆?
   Spring 閫氳繃鎻愪緵ORM妯″潡锛屾敮鎸佹垜浠湪鐩存帴JDBC涔嬩笂浣跨敤涓€涓璞?鍏崇郴鏄犲皠鏄犲皠(ORM)宸ュ叿锛孲pring 鏀寔闆嗘垚涓绘祦鐨凮RM妗嗘灦锛屽Hiberate,JDO鍜?iBATIS SQL Maps銆係pring鐨勪簨鍔＄鐞嗗悓鏍锋敮鎸佷互涓婃墍鏈塐RM妗嗘灦鍙奐DBC銆?/p>

10. 瑙ｉ噴WEB 妯″潡銆?
    Spring鐨刉EB妯″潡鏄瀯寤哄湪application context 妯″潡鍩虹涔嬩笂锛屾彁渚涗竴涓€傚悎web搴旂敤鐨勪笂涓嬫枃銆傝繖涓ā鍧椾篃鍖呮嫭鏀寔澶氱闈㈠悜web鐨勪换鍔★紝濡傞€忔槑鍦板鐞嗗涓枃浠朵笂浼犺姹傚拰绋嬪簭绾ц姹傚弬鏁扮殑缁戝畾鍒颁綘鐨勪笟鍔″璞°€傚畠涔熸湁瀵笿akarta Struts鐨勬敮鎸併€?/p>

11. Spring閰嶇疆鏂囦欢
    Spring閰嶇疆鏂囦欢鏄釜XML 鏂囦欢锛岃繖涓枃浠跺寘鍚簡绫讳俊鎭紝鎻忚堪浜嗗浣曢厤缃畠浠紝浠ュ強濡備綍鐩镐簰璋冪敤銆?/p>

12. 浠€涔堟槸Spring IOC 瀹瑰櫒锛?
    Spring IOC 璐熻矗鍒涘缓瀵硅薄锛岀鐞嗗璞★紙閫氳繃渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆锛圖I锛夛紝瑁呴厤瀵硅薄锛岄厤缃璞★紝骞朵笖绠＄悊杩欎簺瀵硅薄鐨勬暣涓敓鍛藉懆鏈熴€?/p>

13. IOC鐨勪紭鐐规槸浠€涔堬紵
    IOC 鎴?渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆鎶婂簲鐢ㄧ殑浠ｇ爜閲忛檷鍒版渶浣庛€傚畠浣垮簲鐢ㄥ鏄撴祴璇曪紝鍗曞厓娴嬭瘯涓嶅啀闇€瑕佸崟渚嬪拰JNDI鏌ユ壘鏈哄埗銆傛渶灏忕殑浠ｄ环鍜屾渶灏忕殑渚靛叆鎬т娇鏉炬暎鑰﹀悎寰椾互瀹炵幇銆侷OC瀹瑰櫒鏀寔鍔犺浇鏈嶅姟鏃剁殑楗挎眽寮忓垵濮嬪寲鍜屾噿鍔犺浇銆?/p>

14. ApplicationContext閫氬父鐨勫疄鐜版槸浠€涔?
    FileSystemXmlApplicationContext 锛氭瀹瑰櫒浠庝竴涓猉ML鏂囦欢涓姞杞絙eans鐨勫畾涔夛紝XML Bean 閰嶇疆鏂囦欢鐨勫叏璺緞鍚嶅繀椤绘彁渚涚粰瀹冪殑鏋勯€犲嚱鏁般€?
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext锛氭瀹瑰櫒涔熶粠涓€涓猉ML鏂囦欢涓姞杞絙eans鐨勫畾涔夛紝杩欓噷锛屼綘闇€瑕佹纭缃甤lasspath鍥犱负杩欎釜瀹瑰櫒灏嗗湪classpath閲屾壘bean閰嶇疆銆?
    WebXmlApplicationContext锛氭瀹瑰櫒鍔犺浇涓€涓猉ML鏂囦欢锛屾鏂囦欢瀹氫箟浜嗕竴涓猈EB搴旂敤鐨勬墍鏈塨ean銆?/p>

15. Bean 宸ュ巶鍜?Application contexts 鏈変粈涔堝尯鍒紵
    Application contexts鎻愪緵涓€绉嶆柟娉曞鐞嗘枃鏈秷鎭紝涓€涓€氬父鐨勫仛娉曟槸鍔犺浇鏂囦欢璧勬簮锛堟瘮濡傞暅鍍忥級锛屽畠浠彲浠ュ悜娉ㄥ唽涓虹洃鍚櫒鐨刡ean鍙戝竷浜嬩欢銆傚彟澶栵紝鍦ㄥ鍣ㄦ垨瀹瑰櫒鍐呯殑瀵硅薄涓婃墽琛岀殑閭ｄ簺涓嶅緱涓嶇敱bean宸ュ巶浠ョ▼搴忓寲鏂瑰紡澶勭悊鐨勬搷浣滐紝鍙互鍦ˋpplication contexts涓互澹版槑鐨勬柟寮忓鐞嗐€侫pplication contexts瀹炵幇浜哅essageSource鎺ュ彛锛岃鎺ュ彛鐨勫疄鐜颁互鍙彃鎷旂殑鏂瑰紡鎻愪緵鑾峰彇鏈湴鍖栨秷鎭殑鏂规硶銆?/p>

16. 涓€涓猄pring鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ湅璧锋潵璞′粈涔堬紵
    涓€涓畾涔変簡涓€浜涘姛鑳界殑鎺ュ彛銆?
    杩欏疄鐜板寘鎷睘鎬э紝瀹冪殑Setter 锛?getter 鏂规硶鍜屽嚱鏁扮瓑銆?
    Spring AOP銆?
    Spring 鐨刋ML 閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆?
    浣跨敤浠ヤ笂鍔熻兘鐨勫鎴风绋嬪簭銆?
    渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆

17. 浠€涔堟槸Spring鐨勪緷璧栨敞鍏ワ紵
    渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆锛屾槸IOC鐨勪竴涓柟闈紝鏄釜閫氬父鐨勬蹇碉紝瀹冩湁澶氱瑙ｉ噴銆傝繖姒傚康鏄浣犱笉鐢ㄥ垱寤哄璞★紝鑰屽彧闇€瑕佹弿杩板畠濡備綍琚垱寤恒€備綘涓嶅湪浠ｇ爜閲岀洿鎺ョ粍瑁呬綘鐨勭粍浠跺拰鏈嶅姟锛屼絾鏄鍦ㄩ厤缃枃浠堕噷鎻忚堪鍝簺缁勪欢闇€瑕佸摢浜涙湇鍔★紝涔嬪悗涓€涓鍣紙IOC瀹瑰櫒锛夎礋璐ｆ妸浠栦滑缁勮璧锋潵銆?/p>

18. 鏈夊摢浜涗笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑IOC锛堜緷璧栨敞鍏ワ級鏂瑰紡锛?
    鏋勯€犲櫒渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆锛氭瀯閫犲櫒渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆閫氳繃瀹瑰櫒瑙﹀彂涓€涓被鐨勬瀯閫犲櫒鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑锛岃绫绘湁涓€绯诲垪鍙傛暟锛屾瘡涓弬鏁颁唬琛ㄤ竴涓鍏朵粬绫荤殑渚濊禆銆?
    Setter鏂规硶娉ㄥ叆锛歋etter鏂规硶娉ㄥ叆鏄鍣ㄩ€氳繃璋冪敤鏃犲弬鏋勯€犲櫒鎴栨棤鍙俿tatic宸ュ巶 鏂规硶瀹炰緥鍖朾ean涔嬪悗锛岃皟鐢ㄨbean鐨剆etter鏂规硶锛屽嵆瀹炵幇浜嗗熀浜巗etter鐨勪緷璧栨敞鍏ャ€?/p>

19. 鍝渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆鏂瑰紡浣犲缓璁娇鐢紝鏋勯€犲櫒娉ㄥ叆锛岃繕鏄?Setter鏂规硶娉ㄥ叆锛?
    浣犱袱绉嶄緷璧栨柟寮忛兘鍙互浣跨敤锛屾瀯閫犲櫒娉ㄥ叆鍜孲etter鏂规硶娉ㄥ叆銆傛渶濂界殑瑙ｅ喅鏂规鏄敤鏋勯€犲櫒鍙傛暟瀹炵幇寮哄埗渚濊禆锛宻etter鏂规硶瀹炵幇鍙€変緷璧栥€?/p>

Spring Beans

1. 浠€涔堟槸Spring beans?
   Spring beans 鏄偅浜涘舰鎴怱pring搴旂敤鐨勪富骞茬殑java瀵硅薄銆傚畠浠Spring IOC瀹瑰櫒鍒濆鍖栵紝瑁呴厤锛屽拰绠＄悊銆傝繖浜沚eans閫氳繃瀹瑰櫒涓厤缃殑鍏冩暟鎹垱寤恒€傛瘮濡傦紝浠ML鏂囦欢涓?鐨勫舰寮忓畾涔夈€?
   Spring 妗嗘灦瀹氫箟鐨刡eans閮芥槸鍗曚欢beans銆傚湪bean tag涓湁涓睘鎬р€漵ingleton鈥濓紝濡傛灉瀹冭璧嬩负TRUE锛宐ean 灏辨槸鍗曚欢锛屽惁鍒欏氨鏄竴涓?prototype bean銆傞粯璁ゆ槸TRUE锛屾墍浠ユ墍鏈夊湪Spring妗嗘灦涓殑beans 缂虹渷閮芥槸鍗曚欢銆?/p>

2. 涓€涓?Spring Bean 瀹氫箟 鍖呭惈浠€涔堬紵
   涓€涓猄pring Bean 鐨勫畾涔夊寘鍚鍣ㄥ繀鐭ョ殑鎵€鏈夐厤缃厓鏁版嵁锛屽寘鎷浣曞垱寤轰竴涓猙ean锛屽畠鐨勭敓鍛藉懆鏈熻鎯呭強瀹冪殑渚濊禆銆?/p>

3. 濡備綍缁橲pring 瀹瑰櫒鎻愪緵閰嶇疆鍏冩暟鎹?
   杩欓噷鏈変笁绉嶉噸瑕佺殑鏂规硶缁橲pring 瀹瑰櫒鎻愪緵閰嶇疆鍏冩暟鎹€?
   XML閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆?
   鍩轰簬娉ㄨВ鐨勯厤缃€?
   鍩轰簬java鐨勯厤缃€?/p>

4. 浣犳€庢牱瀹氫箟绫荤殑浣滅敤鍩?
   褰撳畾涔変竴涓?code><bean> 鍦⊿pring閲岋紝鎴戜滑杩樿兘缁欒繖涓猙ean澹版槑涓€涓綔鐢ㄥ煙銆傚畠鍙互閫氳繃bean 瀹氫箟涓殑scope灞炴€ф潵瀹氫箟銆傚锛屽綋Spring瑕佸湪闇€瑕佺殑鏃跺€欐瘡娆＄敓浜т竴涓柊鐨刡ean瀹炰緥锛宐ean鐨剆cope灞炴€ц鎸囧畾涓簆rototype銆傚彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼竴涓猙ean姣忔浣跨敤鐨勬椂鍊欏繀椤昏繑鍥炲悓涓€涓疄渚嬶紝杩欎釜bean鐨剆cope 灞炴€?蹇呴』璁句负 singleton銆?/p>

5. 瑙ｉ噴Spring鏀寔鐨勫嚑绉峛ean鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ煙銆?
   Spring妗嗘灦鏀寔浠ヤ笅浜旂bean鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ煙锛?
   singleton : bean鍦ㄦ瘡涓猄pring ioc 瀹瑰櫒涓彧鏈変竴涓疄渚嬨€?
   prototype锛氫竴涓猙ean鐨勫畾涔夊彲浠ユ湁澶氫釜瀹炰緥銆?
   request锛氭瘡娆ttp璇锋眰閮戒細鍒涘缓涓€涓猙ean锛岃浣滅敤鍩熶粎鍦ㄥ熀浜巜eb鐨凷pring ApplicationContext鎯呭舰涓嬫湁鏁堛€?
   session锛氬湪涓€涓狧TTP Session涓紝涓€涓猙ean瀹氫箟瀵瑰簲涓€涓疄渚嬨€傝浣滅敤鍩熶粎鍦ㄥ熀浜巜eb鐨凷pring ApplicationContext鎯呭舰涓嬫湁鏁堛€?
   global-session锛氬湪涓€涓叏灞€鐨凥TTP Session涓紝涓€涓猙ean瀹氫箟瀵瑰簲涓€涓疄渚嬨€傝浣滅敤鍩熶粎鍦ㄥ熀浜巜eb鐨凷pring ApplicationContext鎯呭舰涓嬫湁鏁堛€?
   缂虹渷鐨凷pring bean 鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ煙鏄疭ingleton.

6. Spring妗嗘灦涓殑鍗曚緥bean鏄嚎绋嬪畨鍏ㄧ殑鍚?
   涓嶏紝Spring妗嗘灦涓殑鍗曚緥bean涓嶆槸绾跨▼瀹夊叏鐨勩€?/p>

7. 瑙ｉ噴Spring妗嗘灦涓璪ean鐨勭敓鍛藉懆鏈熴€?
   Spring瀹瑰櫒 浠嶺ML 鏂囦欢涓鍙朾ean鐨勫畾涔夛紝骞跺疄渚嬪寲bean銆?
   Spring鏍规嵁bean鐨勫畾涔夊～鍏呮墍鏈夌殑灞炴€с€?
   濡傛灉bean瀹炵幇浜咮eanNameAware 鎺ュ彛锛孲pring 浼犻€抌ean 鐨処D 鍒?setBeanName鏂规硶銆?
   濡傛灉Bean 瀹炵幇浜?BeanFactoryAware 鎺ュ彛锛?Spring浼犻€抌eanfactory 缁檚etBeanFactory 鏂规硶銆?
   濡傛灉鏈変换浣曚笌bean鐩稿叧鑱旂殑BeanPostProcessors锛孲pring浼氬湪postProcesserBeforeInitialization()鏂规硶鍐呰皟鐢ㄥ畠浠€?
   濡傛灉bean瀹炵幇IntializingBean浜嗭紝璋冪敤瀹冪殑afterPropertySet鏂规硶锛屽鏋渂ean澹版槑浜嗗垵濮嬪寲鏂规硶锛岃皟鐢ㄦ鍒濆鍖栨柟娉曘€?
   濡傛灉鏈塀eanPostProcessors 鍜宐ean 鍏宠仈锛岃繖浜沚ean鐨刾ostProcessAfterInitialization() 鏂规硶灏嗚璋冪敤銆?
   濡傛灉bean瀹炵幇浜?DisposableBean锛屽畠灏嗚皟鐢╠estroy()鏂规硶銆?/p>

8. 鍝簺鏄噸瑕佺殑bean鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鏂规硶锛?浣犺兘閲嶈浇瀹冧滑鍚楋紵
   鏈変袱涓噸瑕佺殑bean 鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡鏂规硶锛岀涓€涓槸setup 锛?瀹冩槸鍦ㄥ鍣ㄥ姞杞絙ean鐨勬椂鍊欒璋冪敤銆傜浜屼釜鏂规硶鏄?teardown 瀹冩槸鍦ㄥ鍣ㄥ嵏杞界被鐨勬椂鍊欒璋冪敤銆?
   The bean 鏍囩鏈変袱涓噸瑕佺殑灞炴€э紙init-method鍜宒estroy-method锛夈€傜敤瀹冧滑浣犲彲浠ヨ嚜宸卞畾鍒跺垵濮嬪寲鍜屾敞閿€鏂规硶銆傚畠浠篃鏈夌浉搴旂殑娉ㄨВ锛園PostConstruct鍜孈PreDestroy锛夈€?/p>

9. 浠€涔堟槸Spring鐨勫唴閮╞ean锛?
   褰撲竴涓猙ean浠呰鐢ㄤ綔鍙︿竴涓猙ean鐨勫睘鎬ф椂锛屽畠鑳借澹版槑涓轰竴涓唴閮╞ean锛屼负浜嗗畾涔塱nner bean锛屽湪Spring 鐨?鍩轰簬XML鐨?閰嶇疆鍏冩暟鎹腑锛屽彲浠ュ湪 鎴? 鍏冪礌鍐呬娇鐢?鍏冪礌锛屽唴閮╞ean閫氬父鏄尶鍚嶇殑锛屽畠浠殑Scope涓€鑸槸prototype銆?/p>

10. 鍦?Spring涓浣曟敞鍏ヤ竴涓猨ava闆嗗悎锛?
    Spring鎻愪緵浠ヤ笅鍑犵闆嗗悎鐨勯厤缃厓绱狅細
    <list>绫诲瀷鐢ㄤ簬娉ㄥ叆涓€鍒楀€硷紝鍏佽鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鍊笺€?
    <set> 绫诲瀷鐢ㄤ簬娉ㄥ叆涓€缁勫€硷紝涓嶅厑璁告湁鐩稿悓鐨勫€笺€?
    <map> 绫诲瀷鐢ㄤ簬娉ㄥ叆涓€缁勯敭鍊煎锛岄敭鍜屽€奸兘鍙互涓轰换鎰忕被鍨嬨€?
    <props>绫诲瀷鐢ㄤ簬娉ㄥ叆涓€缁勯敭鍊煎锛岄敭鍜屽€奸兘鍙兘涓篠tring绫诲瀷銆?/p>

11. 浠€涔堟槸bean瑁呴厤?
    瑁呴厤锛屾垨bean 瑁呴厤鏄寚鍦⊿pring 瀹瑰櫒涓妸bean缁勮鍒颁竴璧凤紝鍓嶆彁鏄鍣ㄩ渶瑕佺煡閬揵ean鐨勪緷璧栧叧绯伙紝濡備綍閫氳繃渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆鏉ユ妸瀹冧滑瑁呴厤鍒颁竴璧枫€?/p>

12. 浠€涔堟槸bean鐨勮嚜鍔ㄨ閰嶏紵
    Spring 瀹瑰櫒鑳藉鑷姩瑁呴厤鐩镐簰鍚堜綔鐨刡ean锛岃繖鎰忓懗鐫€瀹瑰櫒涓嶉渶瑕?code><constructor-arg>鍜?code><property>閰嶇疆锛岃兘閫氳繃Bean宸ュ巶鑷姩澶勭悊bean涔嬮棿鐨勫崗浣溿€?/p>

13. 瑙ｉ噴涓嶅悓鏂瑰紡鐨勮嚜鍔ㄨ閰?銆?
    鏈変簲绉嶈嚜鍔ㄨ閰嶇殑鏂瑰紡锛屽彲浠ョ敤鏉ユ寚瀵糞pring瀹瑰櫒鐢ㄨ嚜鍔ㄨ閰嶆柟寮忔潵杩涜渚濊禆娉ㄥ叆銆?
    no锛氶粯璁ょ殑鏂瑰紡鏄笉杩涜鑷姩瑁呴厤锛岄€氳繃鏄惧紡璁剧疆ref 灞炴€ф潵杩涜瑁呴厤銆?
    byName锛氶€氳繃鍙傛暟鍚?鑷姩瑁呴厤锛孲pring瀹瑰櫒鍦ㄩ厤缃枃浠朵腑鍙戠幇bean鐨刟utowire灞炴€ц璁剧疆鎴恇yname锛屼箣鍚庡鍣ㄨ瘯鍥惧尮閰嶃€佽閰嶅拰璇ean鐨勫睘鎬у叿鏈夌浉鍚屽悕瀛楃殑bean銆?
    byType:锛氶€氳繃鍙傛暟绫诲瀷鑷姩瑁呴厤锛孲pring瀹瑰櫒鍦ㄩ厤缃枃浠朵腑鍙戠幇bean鐨刟utowire灞炴€ц璁剧疆鎴恇yType锛屼箣鍚庡鍣ㄨ瘯鍥惧尮閰嶃€佽閰嶅拰璇ean鐨勫睘鎬у叿鏈夌浉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑bean銆傚鏋滄湁澶氫釜bean绗﹀悎鏉′欢锛屽垯鎶涘嚭閿欒銆?
    constructor锛氳繖涓柟寮忕被浼间簬byType锛?浣嗘槸瑕佹彁渚涚粰鏋勯€犲櫒鍙傛暟锛屽鏋滄病鏈夌‘瀹氱殑甯﹀弬鏁扮殑鏋勯€犲櫒鍙傛暟绫诲瀷锛屽皢浼氭姏鍑哄紓甯搞€?
    autodetect锛氶鍏堝皾璇曚娇鐢╟onstructor鏉ヨ嚜鍔ㄨ閰嶏紝濡傛灉鏃犳硶宸ヤ綔锛屽垯浣跨敤byType鏂瑰紡銆?/p>

14. 鑷姩瑁呴厤鏈夊摢浜涘眬闄愭€??
    鑷姩瑁呴厤鐨勫眬闄愭€ф槸锛?
    閲嶅啓锛?浣犱粛闇€鐢?<constructor-arg>鍜?code><property> 閰嶇疆鏉ュ畾涔変緷璧栵紝鎰忓懗鐫€鎬昏閲嶅啓鑷姩瑁呴厤銆?
    鍩烘湰鏁版嵁绫诲瀷锛氫綘涓嶈兘鑷姩瑁呴厤绠€鍗曠殑灞炴€э紝濡傚熀鏈暟鎹被鍨嬶紝String瀛楃涓诧紝鍜岀被銆?
    妯＄硦鐗规€э細鑷姩瑁呴厤涓嶅鏄惧紡瑁呴厤绮剧‘锛屽鏋滄湁鍙兘锛屽缓璁娇鐢ㄦ樉寮忚閰嶃€?/p>

15. 浣犲彲浠ュ湪Spring涓敞鍏ヤ竴涓猲ull 鍜屼竴涓┖瀛楃涓插悧锛?
    鍙互銆?/p>

Spring娉ㄨВ

1. 浠€涔堟槸鍩轰簬Java鐨凷pring娉ㄨВ閰嶇疆? 缁欎竴浜涙敞瑙ｇ殑渚嬪瓙.
   鍩轰簬Java鐨勯厤缃紝鍏佽浣犲湪灏戦噺鐨凧ava娉ㄨВ鐨勫府鍔╀笅锛岃繘琛屼綘鐨勫ぇ閮ㄥ垎Spring閰嶇疆鑰岄潪閫氳繃XML鏂囦欢銆?
   浠Configuration 娉ㄨВ涓轰緥锛屽畠鐢ㄦ潵鏍囪绫诲彲浠ュ綋鍋氫竴涓猙ean鐨勫畾涔夛紝琚玈pring IOC瀹瑰櫒浣跨敤銆傚彟涓€涓緥瀛愭槸@Bean娉ㄨВ锛屽畠琛ㄧず姝ゆ柟娉曞皢瑕佽繑鍥炰竴涓璞★紝浣滀负涓€涓猙ean娉ㄥ唽杩汼pring搴旂敤涓婁笅鏂囥€?/p>

2. 浠€涔堟槸鍩轰簬娉ㄨВ鐨勫鍣ㄩ厤缃?
   鐩稿浜嶺ML鏂囦欢锛屾敞瑙ｅ瀷鐨勯厤缃緷璧栦簬閫氳繃瀛楄妭鐮佸厓鏁版嵁瑁呴厤缁勪欢锛岃€岄潪灏栨嫭鍙风殑澹版槑銆?
   寮€鍙戣€呴€氳繃鍦ㄧ浉搴旂殑绫伙紝鏂规硶鎴栧睘鎬т笂浣跨敤娉ㄨВ鐨勬柟寮忥紝鐩存帴缁勪欢绫讳腑杩涜閰嶇疆锛岃€屼笉鏄娇鐢▁ml琛ㄨ堪bean鐨勮閰嶅叧绯汇€?/p>

3. 鎬庢牱寮€鍚敞瑙ｈ閰嶏紵
   娉ㄨВ瑁呴厤鍦ㄩ粯璁ゆ儏鍐典笅鏄笉寮€鍚殑锛屼负浜嗕娇鐢ㄦ敞瑙ｈ閰嶏紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』鍦⊿pring閰嶇疆鏂囦欢涓厤缃?<context:annotation-config/>鍏冪礌銆?/p>

4. @Required 娉ㄨВ
   杩欎釜娉ㄨВ琛ㄦ槑bean鐨勫睘鎬у繀椤诲湪閰嶇疆鐨勬椂鍊欒缃紝閫氳繃涓€涓猙ean瀹氫箟鐨勬樉寮忕殑灞炴€у€兼垨閫氳繃鑷姩瑁呴厤锛岃嫢@Required娉ㄨВ鐨刡ean灞炴€ф湭琚缃紝瀹瑰櫒灏嗘姏鍑築eanInitializationException銆?/p>

5. @Autowired 娉ㄨВ
   @Autowired 娉ㄨВ鎻愪緵浜嗘洿缁嗙矑搴︾殑鎺у埗锛屽寘鎷湪浣曞浠ュ強濡備綍瀹屾垚鑷姩瑁呴厤銆傚畠鐨勭敤娉曞拰@Required涓€鏍凤紝淇グsetter鏂规硶銆佹瀯閫犲櫒銆佸睘鎬ф垨鑰呭叿鏈変换鎰忓悕绉板拰/鎴栧涓弬鏁扮殑PN鏂规硶銆?/p>

6. @Qualifier 娉ㄨВ
   褰撴湁澶氫釜鐩稿悓绫诲瀷鐨刡ean鍗村彧鏈変竴涓渶瑕佽嚜鍔ㄨ閰嶆椂锛屽皢@Qualifier 娉ㄨВ鍜孈Autowire 娉ㄨВ缁撳悎浣跨敤浠ユ秷闄よ繖绉嶆贩娣嗭紝鎸囧畾闇€瑕佽閰嶇殑纭垏鐨刡ean銆?/p>

Spring鏁版嵁璁块棶

1. 鍦⊿pring妗嗘灦涓浣曟洿鏈夋晥鍦颁娇鐢↗DBC?
   浣跨敤SpringJDBC 妗嗘灦锛岃祫婧愮鐞嗗拰閿欒澶勭悊鐨勪唬浠烽兘浼氳鍑忚交銆傛墍浠ュ紑鍙戣€呭彧闇€鍐檚tatements 鍜?queries浠庢暟鎹瓨鍙栨暟鎹紝JDBC涔熷彲浠ュ湪Spring妗嗘灦鎻愪緵鐨勬ā鏉跨被鐨勫府鍔╀笅鏇存湁鏁堝湴琚娇鐢紝杩欎釜妯℃澘鍙獼dbcTemplate 锛堜緥瀛愯杩欓噷here锛?/p>

2. JdbcTemplate
   JdbcTemplate 绫绘彁渚涗簡寰堝渚垮埄鐨勬柟娉曡В鍐宠濡傛妸鏁版嵁搴撴暟鎹浆鍙樻垚鍩烘湰鏁版嵁绫诲瀷鎴栧璞★紝鎵ц鍐欏ソ鐨勬垨鍙皟鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁搴撴搷浣滆鍙ワ紝鎻愪緵鑷畾涔夌殑鏁版嵁閿欒澶勭悊銆?/p>

3. Spring瀵笵AO鐨勬敮鎸?
   Spring瀵规暟鎹闂璞★紙DAO锛夌殑鏀寔鏃ㄥ湪绠€鍖栧畠鍜屾暟鎹闂妧鏈JDBC锛孒ibernate or JDO 缁撳悎浣跨敤銆傝繖浣挎垜浠彲浠ユ柟渚垮垏鎹㈡寔涔呭眰銆傜紪鐮佹椂涔熶笉鐢ㄦ媴蹇冧細鎹曡幏姣忕鎶€鏈壒鏈夌殑寮傚父銆?/p>

4. 浣跨敤Spring閫氳繃浠€涔堟柟寮忚闂瓾ibernate?
   鍦⊿pring涓湁涓ょ鏂瑰紡璁块棶Hibernate锛?
   鎺у埗鍙嶈浆 Hibernate Template鍜?Callback銆?
   缁ф壙 HibernateDAOSupport鎻愪緵涓€涓狝OP 鎷︽埅鍣ㄣ€?/p>

5. Spring鏀寔鐨凮RM
   Spring鏀寔浠ヤ笅ORM锛?
   Hibernate
   iBatis
   JPA (Java Persistence API)
   TopLink
   JDO (Java Data Objects)
   OJB

6. 濡備綍閫氳繃HibernateDaoSupport灏哠pring鍜孒ibernate缁撳悎璧锋潵锛?
   鐢⊿pring鐨?SessionFactory 璋冪敤 LocalSessionFactory銆傞泦鎴愯繃绋嬪垎涓夋锛?
   閰嶇疆the Hibernate SessionFactory銆?
   缁ф壙HibernateDaoSupport瀹炵幇涓€涓狣AO銆?
   鍦ˋOP鏀寔鐨勪簨鍔′腑瑁呴厤銆?/p>

7. Spring鏀寔鐨勪簨鍔＄鐞嗙被鍨?
   Spring鏀寔涓ょ绫诲瀷鐨勪簨鍔＄鐞嗭細
   缂栫▼寮忎簨鍔＄鐞嗭細杩欐剰鍛充綘閫氳繃缂栫▼鐨勬柟寮忕鐞嗕簨鍔★紝缁欎綘甯︽潵鏋佸ぇ鐨勭伒娲绘€э紝浣嗘槸闅剧淮鎶ゃ€?
   澹版槑寮忎簨鍔＄鐞嗭細杩欐剰鍛崇潃浣犲彲浠ュ皢涓氬姟浠ｇ爜鍜屼簨鍔＄鐞嗗垎绂伙紝浣犲彧闇€鐢ㄦ敞瑙ｅ拰XML閰嶇疆鏉ョ鐞嗕簨鍔°€?/p>

8. Spring妗嗘灦鐨勪簨鍔＄鐞嗘湁鍝簺浼樼偣锛?
   瀹冧负涓嶅悓鐨勪簨鍔PI 濡?JTA锛孞DBC锛孒ibernate锛孞PA 鍜孞DO锛屾彁渚涗竴涓笉鍙樼殑缂栫▼妯″紡銆?
   瀹冧负缂栫▼寮忎簨鍔＄鐞嗘彁渚涗簡涓€濂楃畝鍗曠殑API鑰屼笉鏄竴浜涘鏉傜殑浜嬪姟API濡?
   瀹冩敮鎸佸０鏄庡紡浜嬪姟绠＄悊銆?
   瀹冨拰Spring鍚勭鏁版嵁璁块棶鎶借薄灞傚緢濂藉緱闆嗘垚銆?/p>

9. 浣犳洿鍊惧悜鐢ㄩ偅绉嶄簨鍔＄鐞嗙被鍨嬶紵
   澶у鏁癝pring妗嗘灦鐨勭敤鎴烽€夋嫨澹版槑寮忎簨鍔＄鐞嗭紝鍥犱负瀹冨搴旂敤浠ｇ爜鐨勫奖鍝嶆渶灏忥紝鍥犳鏇寸鍚堜竴涓棤渚靛叆鐨勮交閲忕骇瀹瑰櫒鐨勬€濇兂銆傚０鏄庡紡浜嬪姟绠＄悊瑕佷紭浜庣紪绋嬪紡浜嬪姟绠＄悊锛岃櫧鐒舵瘮缂栫▼寮忎簨鍔＄鐞嗭紙杩欑鏂瑰紡鍏佽浣犻€氳繃浠ｇ爜鎺у埗浜嬪姟锛夊皯浜嗕竴鐐圭伒娲绘€с€?/p>

Spring闈㈠悜鍒囬潰缂栫▼锛圓OP锛?/h1>

1. 瑙ｉ噴AOP
   闈㈠悜鍒囬潰鐨勭紪绋嬶紝鎴朅OP锛?鏄竴绉嶇紪绋嬫妧鏈紝鍏佽绋嬪簭妯″潡鍖栨í鍚戝垏鍓插叧娉ㄧ偣锛屾垨妯垏鍏稿瀷鐨勮矗浠诲垝鍒嗭紝濡傛棩蹇楀拰浜嬪姟绠＄悊銆?/p>

2. Aspect 鍒囬潰
   AOP鏍稿績灏辨槸鍒囬潰锛屽畠灏嗗涓被鐨勯€氱敤琛屼负灏佽鎴愬彲閲嶇敤鐨勬ā鍧楋紝璇ユā鍧楀惈鏈変竴缁凙PI鎻愪緵妯垏鍔熻兘銆傛瘮濡傦紝涓€涓棩蹇楁ā鍧楀彲浠ヨ绉颁綔鏃ュ織鐨凙OP鍒囬潰銆傛牴鎹渶姹傜殑涓嶅悓锛屼竴涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忓彲浠ユ湁鑻ュ共鍒囬潰銆傚湪Spring AOP涓紝鍒囬潰閫氳繃甯︽湁@Aspect娉ㄨВ鐨勭被瀹炵幇銆?/p>

3. 鍦⊿pring AOP 涓紝鍏虫敞鐐瑰拰妯垏鍏虫敞鐨勫尯鍒槸浠€涔堬紵
   鍏虫敞鐐规槸搴旂敤涓竴涓ā鍧楃殑琛屼负锛屼竴涓叧娉ㄧ偣鍙兘浼氳瀹氫箟鎴愪竴涓垜浠兂瀹炵幇鐨勪竴涓姛鑳姐€?
   妯垏鍏虫敞鐐规槸涓€涓叧娉ㄧ偣锛屾鍏虫敞鐐规槸鏁翠釜搴旂敤閮戒細浣跨敤鐨勫姛鑳斤紝骞跺奖鍝嶆暣涓簲鐢紝姣斿鏃ュ織锛屽畨鍏ㄥ拰鏁版嵁浼犺緭锛屽嚑涔庡簲鐢ㄧ殑姣忎釜妯″潡閮介渶瑕佺殑鍔熻兘銆傚洜姝よ繖浜涢兘灞炰簬妯垏鍏虫敞鐐广€?/p>

4. 杩炴帴鐐?
   杩炴帴鐐逛唬琛ㄤ竴涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑鏌愪釜浣嶇疆锛屽湪杩欎釜浣嶇疆鎴戜滑鍙互鎻掑叆涓€涓狝OP鍒囬潰锛屽畠瀹為檯涓婃槸涓簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忔墽琛孲pring AOP鐨勪綅缃€?/p>

5. 閫氱煡
   閫氱煡鏄釜鍦ㄦ柟娉曟墽琛屽墠鎴栨墽琛屽悗瑕佸仛鐨勫姩浣滐紝瀹為檯涓婃槸绋嬪簭鎵ц鏃惰閫氳繃SpringAOP妗嗘灦瑙﹀彂鐨勪唬鐮佹銆?
   Spring鍒囬潰鍙互搴旂敤浜旂绫诲瀷鐨勯€氱煡锛?
   before锛氬墠缃€氱煡锛屽湪涓€涓柟娉曟墽琛屽墠琚皟鐢ㄣ€?
   after: 鍦ㄦ柟娉曟墽琛屼箣鍚庤皟鐢ㄧ殑閫氱煡锛屾棤璁烘柟娉曟墽琛屾槸鍚︽垚鍔熴€?
   after-returning: 浠呭綋鏂规硶鎴愬姛瀹屾垚鍚庢墽琛岀殑閫氱煡銆?
   after-throwing: 鍦ㄦ柟娉曟姏鍑哄紓甯搁€€鍑烘椂鎵ц鐨勯€氱煡銆?
   around: 鍦ㄦ柟娉曟墽琛屼箣鍓嶅拰涔嬪悗璋冪敤鐨勯€氱煡銆?/p>

6. 鍒囩偣
   鍒囧叆鐐规槸涓€涓垨涓€缁勮繛鎺ョ偣锛岄€氱煡灏嗗湪杩欎簺浣嶇疆鎵ц銆傚彲浠ラ€氳繃琛ㄨ揪寮忔垨鍖归厤鐨勬柟寮忔寚鏄庡垏鍏ョ偣銆?/p>

7. 浠€涔堟槸寮曞叆?
   寮曞叆鍏佽鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ凡瀛樺湪鐨勭被涓鍔犳柊鐨勬柟娉曞拰灞炴€с€?/p>

8. 浠€涔堟槸鐩爣瀵硅薄?
   琚竴涓垨鑰呭涓垏闈㈡墍閫氱煡鐨勫璞°€傚畠閫氬父鏄竴涓唬鐞嗗璞°€備篃鎸囪閫氱煡锛坅dvised锛夊璞°€?/p>

9. 浠€涔堟槸浠ｇ悊?
   浠ｇ悊鏄€氱煡鐩爣瀵硅薄鍚庡垱寤虹殑瀵硅薄銆備粠瀹㈡埛绔殑瑙掑害鐪嬶紝浠ｇ悊瀵硅薄鍜岀洰鏍囧璞℃槸涓€鏍风殑銆?/p>

10. 鏈夊嚑绉嶄笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑鑷姩浠ｇ悊锛?
    BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
    DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
    Metadata autoproxying

11. 浠€涔堟槸缁囧叆銆備粈涔堟槸缁囧叆搴旂敤鐨勪笉鍚岀偣锛?
    缁囧叆鏄皢鍒囬潰鍜屽埌鍏朵粬搴旂敤绫诲瀷鎴栧璞¤繛鎺ユ垨鍒涘缓涓€涓閫氱煡瀵硅薄鐨勮繃绋嬨€?
    缁囧叆鍙互鍦ㄧ紪璇戞椂锛屽姞杞芥椂锛屾垨杩愯鏃跺畬鎴愩€?/p>

12. 瑙ｉ噴鍩轰簬XML Schema鏂瑰紡鐨勫垏闈㈠疄鐜般€?
    鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅锛屽垏闈㈢敱甯歌绫讳互鍙婂熀浜嶺ML鐨勯厤缃疄鐜般€?/p>

13. 瑙ｉ噴鍩轰簬娉ㄨВ鐨勫垏闈㈠疄鐜?
    鍦ㄨ繖绉嶆儏鍐典笅(鍩轰簬@AspectJ鐨勫疄鐜?锛屾秹鍙婂埌鐨勫垏闈㈠０鏄庣殑椋庢牸涓庡甫鏈塲ava5鏍囨敞鐨勬櫘閫歫ava绫讳竴鑷淬€?/p>

Spring 鐨凪VC

1. 浠€涔堟槸Spring鐨凪VC妗嗘灦锛?
   Spring 閰嶅鏋勫缓Web 搴旂敤鐨勫叏鍔熻兘MVC妗嗘灦銆係pring鍙互寰堜究鎹峰湴鍜屽叾浠朚VC妗嗘灦闆嗘垚锛屽Struts锛孲pring 鐨凪VC妗嗘灦鐢ㄦ帶鍒跺弽杞妸涓氬姟瀵硅薄鍜屾帶鍒堕€昏緫娓呮櫚鍦伴殧绂汇€傚畠涔熷厑璁镐互澹版槑鐨勬柟寮忔妸璇锋眰鍙傛暟鍜屼笟鍔″璞＄粦瀹氥€?/p>

2. DispatcherServlet
   Spring鐨凪VC妗嗘灦鏄洿缁旸ispatcherServlet鏉ヨ璁＄殑锛屽畠鐢ㄦ潵澶勭悊鎵€鏈夌殑HTTP璇锋眰鍜屽搷搴斻€?/p>

3. WebApplicationContext
   WebApplicationContext 缁ф壙浜咥pplicationContext 骞跺鍔犱簡涓€浜沇EB搴旂敤蹇呭鐨勭壒鏈夊姛鑳斤紝瀹冧笉鍚屼簬涓€鑸殑ApplicationContext 锛屽洜涓哄畠鑳藉鐞嗕富棰橈紝骞舵壘鍒拌鍏宠仈鐨剆ervlet銆?/p>

4. 浠€涔堟槸Spring MVC妗嗘灦鐨勬帶鍒跺櫒锛?
   鎺у埗鍣ㄦ彁渚涗竴涓闂簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑琛屼负锛屾琛屼负閫氬父閫氳繃鏈嶅姟鎺ュ彛瀹炵幇銆傛帶鍒跺櫒瑙ｆ瀽鐢ㄦ埛杈撳叆骞跺皢鍏惰浆鎹负涓€涓敱瑙嗗浘鍛堢幇缁欑敤鎴风殑妯″瀷銆係pring鐢ㄤ竴涓潪甯告娊璞＄殑鏂瑰紡瀹炵幇浜嗕竴涓帶鍒跺眰锛屽厑璁哥敤鎴峰垱寤哄绉嶇敤閫旂殑鎺у埗鍣ㄣ€?/p>

5. @Controller 娉ㄨВ
   璇ユ敞瑙ｈ〃鏄庤绫绘壆婕旀帶鍒跺櫒鐨勮鑹诧紝Spring涓嶉渶瑕佷綘缁ф壙浠讳綍鍏朵粬鎺у埗鍣ㄥ熀绫绘垨寮曠敤Servlet API銆?/p>

6. @RequestMapping 娉ㄨВ
   璇ユ敞瑙ｆ槸鐢ㄦ潵鏄犲皠涓€涓猆RL鍒颁竴涓被鎴栦竴涓壒瀹氱殑澶勭悊鏂规硶涓娿€?/p>