cookiesession和java过滤器

Posted 涂宗勋

tags:

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基础知识理解:

cookie、session和过滤器通常都是用在web应用中,cookie和session用来保存一定的数据,过滤器Filter则是在浏览器发出请求之后,而后台执行特定的请求之前发生一定的作用。之所以把这三个放一起,是因为有很多时候都会是把他们结合在一起使用,例如有些登陆程序。

cookie是浏览器的机制,session是服务器的机制,但是实际上cookie也是由服务器生成的,之后返回给浏览器的,并不是浏览器本身生成。当浏览器发送某个请求时,如果拥有有效的cookie则会把这个cookie带在一起。

之所有会有cookie的使用,是因为http协议原本是无状态协议,也就是说通过http协议本身,服务器不能判断浏览器是否之前访问过。

Filter和servlet的写法相似,编写相关代码的时候需要实现Filter接口并重写相关的方法,通常更改较多的是doFilter方法。Filter代码写好以后如果需要发生效用,需要像配置servlet一样在web.xml中 进行一定的配置。

以下是一个简单的结合cookie、session、Servlet和Filter的登陆示例代码:

定义一个用户实体类,充当数据库数据,这里使用单例模式,保证只存在一个实例对象:
package models;

/**
 * 用户信息实体类
 * 
 * @author tuzongxun123
 *
 */
public class UserModel {
    private String userName;
    private String password;

    // 单例模式,保证只有一个用户对象实例
    public static UserModel getInstance() {
        UserModel user = new UserModel("zhangsan", "123456");
        return user;

    }

    private UserModel(String userName, String pasword) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = pasword;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

}



用户登陆输入信息index.jsp界面,在form表单的action中使用jsp的特性获得项目路径:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>cookieAndFilterTest</title>
</head>
<body>
     <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/loginServlet" method="post">
        userName:<input type="text" name="userName" /></br>
        password:<input type="password" name="password" /></br>
        <input type="submit" value="login"/>
     </form>
</body>
</html>



对应的后台servlet:
package servletTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import models.UserModel;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        String userName = req.getParameter("userName");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        // 模拟数据库数据
        UserModel user = UserModel.getInstance();
        String dbUserName = user.getUserName();
        String dbPassword = user.getPassword();
        if (dbUserName.equals(userName) && dbPassword.equals(password)) {
            // 用户名和密码都匹配,证明登陆成功,设置session和cookie
            HttpSession session = req.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("userName", userName);
            session.setAttribute("password", password);
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("userName", userName);
            Cookie cookie2 = new Cookie("password", password);
            // 设置cookie的存储时长
            cookie.setMaxAge(60);
            cookie2.setMaxAge(60);
            // 把cookie发送给浏览器
            resp.addCookie(cookie);
            resp.addCookie(cookie2);
            // 转发请求到用户列表
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/userList").forward(req, resp);
        } else {
            // 转发请求到登陆页面
            req.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(req, resp);
        }
        ;

    }

}



上边登陆后跳转的请求:
package servletTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import models.UserModel;

public class UserListServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        UserModel user = UserModel.getInstance();
        //在浏览器中打印出用户列表书数据
        resp.getWriter().write(
                "userName:" + user.getUserName() + "," + "password:"
                        + user.getPassword());

    }

}



项目web.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">    

  <!-- 访问时的项目名称 -->
  <display-name>cookieAndFilterTest</display-name>
  <!-- servlet配置 -->
  <servlet>
     <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>servletTest.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
     <servlet-name>userList</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>servletTest.UserListServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>userList</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/userList</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 过滤器设置,浏览其发送请求后首先会走这里 -->
  <filter>
     <filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
     <filter-class>filterTest.FilterTest</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 输入项目名访问的默认页面 -->
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>


java过滤器代码:
package filterTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import models.UserModel;

public class FilterTest implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // 登陆请求、初始请求直接放行
        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        if ("/cookieAndFilterTest/loginServlet".equals(uri)
                || "/cookieAndFilterTest/".equals(uri)) {
            // 放行
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // 不是登陆请求的话,判断是否有cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        if (cookies != null && cookies.length > 0) {
            String userName = null;
            String password = null;
            // 判断cookie中的用户名和密码是否和数据库中的一致,如果一致则放行,否则转发请求到登陆页面
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                if ("userName".equals(cookie.getName())) {
                    userName = cookie.getValue();
                }
                if ("password".equals(cookie.getName())) {
                    password = cookie.getValue();
                }
            }
            UserModel user = UserModel.getInstance();
            if (user.getUserName().equals(userName)
                    && user.getPassword().equals(password)) {
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
                return;
            } else {
                // 重定向到登陆界面
                req.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(req, resp);
                return;
            }
        } else {
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(req, resp);
            return;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {

    }

}


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