blog项目知识点梳理
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1.获取图片验证码： def get_validCode_img(request): # 方式1： # import os # path= os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,"blog","static","img","egon.jpg") # # with open(path,"rb") as f: # data=f.read() # 方式2： # from PIL import Image # # img=Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="green") # # f=open("validCode.png","wb") # img.save(f,"png") # # with open("validCode.png","rb") as f: # data=f.read() # 方式3： # from io import BytesIO # # from PIL import Image # img = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(120, 40), color="blue") # f=BytesIO() # img.save(f,"png") # data=f.getvalue() # return HttpResponse(data) # 方式4 ： from io import BytesIO import random from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont img = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(120, 40), color=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))) draw=ImageDraw.Draw(img,"RGB") font=ImageFont.truetype("blog/static/font/kumo.ttf",25) valid_list=[] for i in range(5): random_num=str(random.randint(0,9)) random_lower_zimu=chr(random.randint(65,90)) random_upper_zimu=chr(random.randint(97,122)) random_char=random.choice([random_num,random_lower_zimu,random_upper_zimu]) draw.text([5+i*24,10],random_char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font) valid_list.append(random_char) f=BytesIO() img.save(f,"png") data=f.getvalue() valid_str="".join(valid_list) # print(valid_str) request.session["keepValidCode"]=valid_str return HttpResponse(data) 2.点击验证码图片刷新效果 $(\'.validCode_img\').click(function () { console.log(this) this.src+="?" }) 3.注册form组件注意事项 if form.is_valid(): username=form.cleaned_data[\'username\'] #如果form过滤验证成功了 就直接在form.cleaned_data内取值就行，不必从request.POST中取值 password=form.cleaned_data[\'password\'] email=form.cleaned_data[\'email\'] tel=form.cleaned_data[\'tel\'] avatar = request.FILES.get("avatar") if not avatar: #用户注册时未选取头像，那么在创建新用户时不用创建头像字段，因为在models中已经设置了默认值，不然在数据库中存的会是空 models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username,password=password,email=email,telephone=tel) else: models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=username,password=password,email=email,telephone=tel,avatar=avatar) form组件的局部钩子返回值 ： return self.cleaned_data[\'xxx\'] 全局猴子返回值 ： return self.cleaned_data #钩子函数中在 clean_data 取值时， 要用 get方法 4.头像预览 <div class="form-group" id="i2"> {# 注意下面img与input 标签的前后顺序，如颠倒会出现点击图片不出现选择图片窗口 #} <label for="avatar">头像</label> <img src="/static/img/default.png/" alt="" class="c1" id="i1"> <input type="file" id="avatar" class="c1"> </div> $("#avatar").change(function () { var ele_file=$(this)[0].files[0]; //$(this)[0]和this 一样 var reader=new FileReader(); reader.readAsDataURL(ele_file); reader.onload=function () { $("#i1")[0].src=this.result } }); 5.注册时返回的错误信息的处理 var errors_msg=data1[\'errors_msg\']; $.each(errors_msg,function (i,v) { {# console.log(i,v);#} var ele=$(\'<span>\'); ele.html(v[0]).addClass(\'pull-right\').css(\'color\',\'red\'); $(\'#\'+i).after(ele).parent().addClass(\'has-error\') if(i==\'__all__\'){ $(\'#repassword\').after(ele).parent().addClass(\'has-error\') } }) 6.ajax在提交二进制数据时用formData var formData=new FormData(); formData.append(\'username\',$(\'#username\').val()); formData.append(\'avatar\',$(\'#avatar\')[0].files[0]); $.ajax({ url:\'/reg/\', type:\'POST\', data:formData, contentType:false, processData:false, headers:{"X-CSRFToken":$.cookie(\'csrftoken\')}, #需要引用 <script src="/static/js/jquery.cookie.js"></script> #有时引用的cookie.js文件没有效果，那就换成 cdn 引用 7.url路由分发与url反向解析 根路径配置： url(r\'^$\', views.index), url是ip+端口时，没有路径，执行index视图函数 路由分发： \'\'\' Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url() \'\'\' from django.conf.urls import url, include url(r\'^blog/\',include(\'blog.urls\')), 反向解析： url(r\'^(?P<user>.*)/$\',views.person_site,name=\'aaa\'), <a href="{% url \'aaa\' request.user.username %}"></a> #注意 在url反向解析时，如需要参数就必须传 8.首页的左侧菜单： index.html {% for site_category in site_category_list %} <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading site_category">{{ site_category.name }}</div> <div class="panel-body hides"> {% for obj in site_category.sitearticlecategory_set.all %} <a href="/cate/{{ obj.name }}/" style="text-decoration: none"><p>{{ obj.name }}</p></a> #在点击相应的分类是显示此分类的所有文章 {% endfor %} </div> </div> {% endfor %} urls.py url(r\'^cate/(.*)/$\', views.index), views.py def index(request,*args): if args: article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(site_article_category__name=args[0]) else: article_list=models.Article.objects.all() site_category_list=models.SiteCategory.objects.all() return render(request,"index.html",{\'article_list\':article_list,\'site_category_list\':site_category_list}) css/js样式： <script> $(\'.site_category\').mouseover(function () { console.log($(this)) console.log(this) //打印两者的区别？？？ $(this).next().slideDown(300) }).parent().mouseleave(function () { $(this).children(\'.panel-body\').slideUp(300) }) </script> 9.头像图片在页面中显示的两种方式： <img src="/media/{{ user.user.avatar }}" width="60px" height="60px"> <img src="{{ user.user.avatar.url }}" width="60px" height="60px"> 10. media配置： settings.py MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"blog","media","uploads") MEDIA_URL="/media/" urls.py url(r\'^media/(?P<path>.*)$\', serve, {\'document_root\': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), 用处： ----- avatar = models.FileField(verbose_name=\'头像\', upload_to=\'avatar\', default="/avatar/default.png") 会把接收的文件放在media指代的路径与upload_to的拼接： BASE_DIR/blog/media/uploads/avatar/ xxx图片 avatar字段在数据库保存的是：avatar/a.png ------ 在页面中显示 <img src="/media/avatar/a.png"> 11. auth模块： http://www.cnblogs.com/liuwei0824/p/7772525.html 12. 个人首页： 时间归档： date_list=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user_obj).extra(select={"filter_create_date":"strftime(\'%%Y/%%m\',create_time)"}).values_list( "filter_create_date").annotate(Count("nid")) 园龄：自定义过滤器用当前的时间对象-创建的时间对象 注意：在引用自定义过滤器时 要在body标签下 其他位置浏览器会出现小错误 标签与分类归档有两种方式处理： 1. 在后端用分组聚合函数处理完成传入前端直接渲染 2. 在后端把文章对象传给前端，在前端深度查询进行渲染 13. 评论树： views.py def commentTree(request,article_id): time_dict={} avatar_dict={} comment_all=models.Comment.objects.filter(article_id=article_id) for i in comment_all: avatar=\'/media/\'+str(i.user.avatar) time=str(i.create_time).split(\'.\',1)[0][:-3] time_dict[i.nid]=time avatar_dict[i.nid]=avatar comment_list=models.Comment.objects.filter(article_id=article_id).values(\'nid\',\'user__username\',\'user__avatar\',\'content\',\'parent_comment_id\') for i in comment_list: if i[\'nid\'] in time_dict: i[\'create_time\']=time_dict[i[\'nid\']] if i[\'nid\'] in time_dict: i[\'create_user_avatar\'] = avatar_dict[i[\'nid\']] i[\'children_list\'] = [] d = {} for i in comment_list: d[i[\'nid\']] = i for i in comment_list: if i[\'parent_comment_id\'] in d: d[i[\'parent_comment_id\']][\'children_list\'].append(i) li = [] for i, j in d.items(): if not j[\'parent_comment_id\']: li.append(j) # print(li,66666666666666) import json return HttpResponse(json.dumps(li)) .html <h5>已发表评论(评论树):</h5> <div class="comment_tree_list"> </div> $.ajax({ url:\'/blog/commentTree/\'+$.cookie(\'article_obj_nid\'), type:\'get\', success:function (data) { var data=JSON.parse(data); <script> {# console.log(data[1]);#} var s=showCommentTree(data); $(".comment_tree_list").append(s); } }) function showCommentTree(comment_list) { // comment_list: [{"content":"1","children_list":[{}]},{"content":"2"},{"content":"3"},] var html=""; $.each(comment_list,function (i,comment_dict) { var nid=comment_dict[\'nid\']; var val=comment_dict["content"]; var avatar=comment_dict["create_user_avatar"]; var create_time=comment_dict["create_time"]; var comment_username=comment_dict["user__username"]; var ssss=\'<div class="row comment_content_haed"><div><span> \'+\'<img src=\'+avatar+\' alt="" height="25px" width="25px" style="margin-right: 5px"></span> <a href="" style="text-decoration: none" class="comment_color c1">\'+comment_username+\'</a><span style="margin-left: 10px">\'+create_time+\'</span><a title="发送站内短消息" class="sendMsg2This" href=""> </a></div><div class="comment_content_body"><p style="margin-left: 18px">\'+val+\'</p></div><div class="tig_head" comment_pid=\'+nid+\'><a class="pull-right comment_color tig reply" style="text-decoration: none">回复</a><a class="pull-right tig comment_color" style="text-decoration: none">支持({{ comment_obj.up_count }})</a></div></div><hr style="margin-right: 60px">\' var commnent_str= \'<div class="comment"><div class="content"><span>\'+ssss+\'</span></div>\'; if(comment_dict["children_list"]){ var s=showCommentTree(comment_dict["children_list"]); // [{},{}] commnent_str+=s } commnent_str+="</div>"; html+=commnent_str }); return html } </script> 14. 编辑器的防止xss攻击：用form组件过滤出敏感的标签及属性 forms.py 引用xss class ArticleForm(Form): content=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={\'required\':\'不能为空\'}, widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={\'id\':\'comment_content\'})) def clean_content(self): from blog.plugins import xss_plugin html_str=self.cleaned_data.get("content") clean_content=xss_plugin.filter_xss(html_str) self.cleaned_data["content"]=clean_content return self.cleaned_data.get("content") def filter_xss(html_str): valid_tag_list = ["p", "div", "a", "img", "html", "body", "br", "strong", "b"] valid_dict = {"p": ["id", "class"], "div": ["id", "class"]} from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html_str, "html.parser") # soup -----> document ######### 改成dict for ele in soup.find_all(): # 过滤非法标签 if ele.name not in valid_dict: ele.decompose() # 过滤非法属性 else: attrs = ele.attrs # p {"id":12,"class":"d1","egon":"dog"} l = [] for k in attrs: if k not in valid_dict[ele.name]: l.append(k) for i in l: del attrs[i] print(soup) return soup.decode() #默认decode 格式就是utf-8 15. 后台管理：增删改查.... 16. kindeditor 编辑器文本域获取焦点 ？？？
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