6 Cookies 和Session
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1.HTTP协议无状态带来的问题 http协议在一个会话中的多个请求之间是不能共享数据的
(实际是需要在一个会话的多个请求共享数据)
会话跟踪技术:在一个会话共享数据
2.解决一个会话中多个请求之间共享数据的三种方式
①.使用GET方式,将需要共享的数据以参数的形式传递给下一个页面即可
使用GET方式共享数据,所有数据都暴露在地址栏中,不安全
②使用cookie技术
将需要共享的数据封装到浏览器的请求头中
③使用session技术
3.Cookie
客户端技术,将需要共享的数据存放在浏览器中,每次请求时,对应需要共享数据的
页面只需在浏览器获取需要的数据即可。
①创建Cookie对象共享数据
Cookie cookie=new Cookie(String name,String value);
②将cookie响应给浏览器
resp.addCookie(cookie);
③从请求对象获取所有的cookie
Cookie[] cookies=req.getCookies();
for(Cookie cookie:cookies){
if("currentName".equals(cookie.getName())){
String username=cookie.getValue();
}
}
4.cookie中文问题的解决方案,先编码后解码
编码:
Cookie cookie=new Cookie("currentName",URLEncoder.encode(username,"utf-8"));
解码:
username=URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8");
Cookie的缺陷:
Cookie不能存储中文字符
Cookie一次只能存储单个字符串,不能存储对象
cookie大小限制在4kb内
cookie数据是存储在浏览器中的,浏览器把Cookie数据删除了,那么共享数据就找不回来了
不同Cookie下面的路径是不同的,路径不同的Cookie之间是不能共享数据的
解决方案: 将Cookie路径设置项目的根路径
cookie.setPath(“/”)
@WebServlet("/cookie/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//接受请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
//================================================
//创建Cookie对象,并且共享数据 (相当办卡的操作)
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("currentName", URLEncoder.encode(username,"utf-8"));
//设置Cookie的时长 单位 秒
//cookie.setMaxAge(10);
//删除Cookie
//cookie.setMaxAge(0);
//设置Cookie的路径为根路径
cookie.setPath("/");
//将Cookie数据响应给浏览器 (相当于将办理好的会员卡给用户)
resp.addCookie(cookie);
//创建新的Cookie ,覆盖之前的cookie (相当于修改了cookie)
// Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("currentName", "jinken");
// resp.addCookie(cookie1);
//================================================
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("欢迎 : "+username+" <br>");
out.print("<a href=‘/ooxx/list‘>收件箱(500)</a>");
}
}
@WebServlet("/ooxx/list")
public class ListServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// =============================================
String username = null;
// 从请求对象中获取所有的cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if("currentName".equals(cookie.getName())){
username = URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(), "utf-8");
break;
}
}
// =============================================
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("欢迎 :"+username+" <br>");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
out.print("<a href=‘/cookie/content‘>邮件 (" + i + ")</a><br/>");
}
}
}
@WebServlet("/cookie/content")
public class ContentServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
String username = null;
// =============================================
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if("currentName".equals(cookie.getName())){
username = URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(), "utf-8");
}
}
// =============================================
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("欢迎 : "+username+" <br>");
out.print("班长, 你最近好吗?");
}
}
jsp中书写Cookies
<%
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(
URLEncoder.encode("姓名","UTF-8"),
URLEncoder.encode("李佳龙","UTF-8")
);
response.addCookie(cookie);
%>
<html>
<title>Cookie-中文</title>
<body>
<%
if(request.getCookies()!=null)
{
for(Cookie coo : request.getCookies())
{
String name =URLDecoder.decode(coo.getName(),"UTF-8");
String value = URLDecoder.decode(coo.getValue(),"UTF-8");
out.println(name "-- " value);
}
}
%>
el表达式:
${cookie}<!-- 显示所有Cookie对象 -->
${cookie.age.name }<!-- 显示Cookie名为age的name -->
${cookie.age.value }<!-- 显示Cookie名为age的值 -->
4.Session
Session是服务器端技术(把识别数据/共享数据存放在服务端)
为每一个用户的浏览器创建独立的session,可以把数据存放在各自的session中,
取数据也从各自session取
(session是一个特殊的cookie,session得底层依然是cookie技术,cookie是内存地址
JSESSIONID)
1.获取Session对象
HttpSession session=request.getSession();
如果内存中有session对象,返回,没有则创建一个并返回
2.共享数据
setAttribute("USER_IN_SESSION",user);
3.获取共享数据
getAttribute("USER_IN_SESSION");
当cookie被禁用后,URL重写问题
浏览器禁用cookie后,就再也不能接收服务器响应的cookie,此时cookie和session
就不能共享数据,直接访问URL地址是不能获取共享数据的
使用URL重写
resp.encodeURL(String url);
如果浏览器禁用cookie,url会自动加上jsessionid,如果没有禁用,就不会
加上jsessionid
@WebServlet("/session/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//接受请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
//================================================
//1.获取Sesion对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//2.将数据共享的Session对象中
//session.setAttribute("USERNAME_IN_SESSION", username);
session.setAttribute("USER_IN_SESSION", user);
//3.修改共享数据
//session.setAttribute("USERNAME_IN_SESSION", "虚竹");
//4.删除session中共享的数据
//session.removeAttribute("USERNAME_IN_SESSION");
//5.清空Sesion对象中所有数据
//session.invalidate();
//6.设置当前Session10秒钟超时
//session.setMaxInactiveInterval(10);
//获取Session的id
String sessionId = session.getId();
System.out.println(sessionId);
//================================================
//使用url重写
//String newUrl = resp.encodeURL(String oldUrl);
// 如果浏览器禁用了 Cookie,newUrl后面会自动加上 jsessionid,如果没有禁用,就不会加上jsession
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("欢迎 : "+username+" <br>");
// out.print("<a href=‘/session/list;jsessionid="+session.getId()+"‘>收件箱(500)</a>");
out.print("<a href=‘"+resp.encodeURL("/session/list")+"‘>收件箱(500)</a>");
}
}
@WebServlet("/session/list")
public class ListServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// =============================================
//获取Session对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//获取sesion共享的数据
User user = (User)session.getAttribute("USER_IN_SESSION");
System.out.println(user);
// =============================================
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("欢迎 :"+user.getUsername()+" <br>");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//out.print("<a href=‘/session/content;jsessionid="+session.getId()+"‘>邮件 (" + i + ")</a><br/>");
out.print("<a href=‘"+resp.encodeURL("/session/content")+"‘>邮件 (" + i + ")</a><br/>");
}
}
}
@WebServlet("/session/content")
public class ContentServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// =============================================
// 获取Session对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 获取sesion共享的数据
User user = (User) session.getAttribute("USER_IN_SESSION");
// =============================================
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("欢迎 : " + user.getUsername() + " <br>");
out.print("班长, 你最近好吗?");
}
}
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