微服务之Swagger

Posted 2020-10-24 Ido

Swagger使用

1. Swagger UI

按以下步骤配置，项目启动后访问：
http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html

1.1 添加依赖

    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>

1.2 配置类

@Configuration  
@EnableSwagger2  
public class Swagger2 {

    public static final String SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE = "abc.boot.examples.web";
    public static final String VERSION = "1.0.0";

    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi() {
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                .apiInfo(apiInfo())
                .select()
                .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE))//api接口包扫描路径
                .paths(PathSelectors.any())//可以根据url路径设置哪些请求加入文档，忽略哪些请求
                .build();
    }
    private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
        return new ApiInfoBuilder()
            .title("Swagger2 接口文档示例")//设置文档的标题
            .description("更多内容请关注：http://www.abc.com")//设置文档的描述->1.Overview
            .version(VERSION)//设置文档的版本信息-> 1.1 Version information
            .contact(new Contact("ABC Boot", "http://www.abc.comt", ""))//设置文档的联系方式->1.2 Contact information
            .termsOfServiceUrl("www.abc.com")//设置文档的License信息->1.3 License information
            .build();
    }
}

1.3 注解使用

@ApiOperation

@ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取所有用户列表",produces = "application/json")  
@RequestMapping(value="/users", method= RequestMethod.GET)
public List<User> getUserList() {  
List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
    return r;
}

@ApiResponses

@ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息",produces = "application/json")
// ApiResponses 增加返回结果的描述
@ApiResponses(value = {@ApiResponse(code = 405,message = "Invalid input",response = Integer.class)}) (1)
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id",value = "用户ID",dataType = "int",paramType = "path")  (2)
@RequestMapping(value="/users/{id}", method= RequestMethod.GET)
public User getUser(@PathVariable Integer id) {
    return users.get(id);
}

(1) 在默认Response的基础上增加新的Response说明
(2) 使用ApiImplicitParam描述接口参数

@ApiImplicitParams

@ApiOperation(value="更新用户名称", notes="更新指定用户的名称")
@RequestMapping(value="/users/{id}", method= RequestMethod.POST)
@ApiImplicitParams({  （1）
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id",value = "用户ID",paramType = "path",dataType = "int"),  (2)
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "userName",value = "用户名称",paramType = "form",dataType = "string")
})
public void updateUserName(@PathVariable Integer id,@RequestParam String userName){
    User u = users.get(id);
    u.setName(userName);
}

(1) 使用ApiImplicitParams描述多个参数
(2) 使用ApiImplicitParam时，需要指定paramType,这样也便于swagger ui 生成参数的输入格式。

paramType 有五个可选值 ： path, query, body, header, form

@ApiParam

@ApiOperation(value="创建用户-传递简单对象", notes="传递简单对象",produces = "application/json")
@RequestMapping(value="/users-1", method= RequestMethod.POST)
//可以不加ApiParam注解，需要给参数添加描述时可以使用这个注解，或者使用ApiImplicitParams注解 (1)
public Map postUser(@RequestParam  String userName,@ApiParam("地址") @RequestParam(required = false) String address) { 
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(Math.round(10));
    user.setName(userName);
    user.setAddress(address);
    users.put(user.getId(), user);
    return ImmutableMap.of("user",user);
}

(1) 使用ApiParam描述接口参数

ApiImplicitParam 与 ApiParam 的区别
ApiImplicitParam: This is the only way to define parameters when using Servlets or other non-JAX-RS environments.

• 对Servlets或者非 JAX-RS的环境，只能使用 ApiImplicitParam。
• 在使用上，ApiImplicitParam比ApiParam具有更少的代码侵入性，只要写在方法上就可以了，但是需要提供具体的属性才能配合swagger ui解析使用。
• ApiParam只需要较少的属性，与swagger ui配合更好。

传递复杂对象 By ModelAttribute

@ApiOperation(value="创建用户-传递复杂对象", notes="传递复杂对象DTO, url参数拼接",produces = "application/json")
@RequestMapping(value="/users-2", method= RequestMethod.POST)
//传递对象推荐使用ModelAttribute注解
public Map postUser2(@ModelAttribute User user) {  (1)
    users.put(user.getId(),user);
    return ImmutableMap.of("user",user);
}

(1) ModelAttribute 是Spring mvc的注解，这里Swagger可以解析这个注解，获得User的属性描述

@ApiModel

@ApiModel(value = "User", description = "用户对象")
public class User {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "ID")
    private Integer id;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "姓名")
    private String name;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "地址")
    private String address;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "年龄",access = "hidden")
    private int age;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "性别")
    private int sex;
    .......
}

传递复杂对象 By RequestBody

@ApiOperation(value="创建用户-传递复杂对象", notes="传递复杂对象DTO，json格式传递数据",produces = "application/json")
@RequestMapping(value="/users-3", method= RequestMethod.POST)
//json格式传递对象使用RequestBody注解
public User postUser3(@RequestBody User user) {
    users.put(user.getId(),user);
    return user;
}

PathVariable

@ApiOperation(value="删除用户- PathVariable", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象")
@RequestMapping(value="/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Integer id) {  (1)
    users.remove(id);
}

(1) PathVariable是Spring 的注解，对于这种简单的参数，就可以不用写ApiParam来描述接口参数。

数组的描述

@ApiOperation(value="删除用户-传递数组", notes="删除对象，传递数组")
@RequestMapping(value="/users/deleteByIds", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public void deleteUser(@ApiParam("用户ID数组") @RequestParam Integer[] ids) {  (1)
    for (int id:ids){
        users.remove(id);
    }
}

(1) 这里用ApiParam为数组参数添加描述

1.4 可选配置

在application.properties中加入以下配置，用于设置测试请求的host，默认在swagger ui上做请求测试时都是以/users/1为路径发送请求。
如果需要改变请求的根路径，就需要配置这个参数：
springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.host = yourapp.abc.com

配置获取api docs json数据的请求路径 ，默认为/v2/api-docs：
springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.path = /api

2. springfox-staticdocs 生成静态文档

springfox

2.1 Maven 配置

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
    <artifactId>springfox-staticdocs</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2.2 生成json文件

编写Junit测试，这样在测试环节就可以将api-docs的json数据写入文档，便于下一步生成asciidoc文件。

@WebAppConfiguration
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoBootApplication.class)
public class Swagger2MarkupTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.context).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void createSpringfoxSwaggerJson() throws Exception {
        String outputDir = "src/docs/json";  //将api-docs的json数据写入文件
        MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/v2/api-docs")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse();
        String swaggerJson = response.getContentAsString();
        Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(outputDir));
        try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get(outputDir, "swagger.json"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
            writer.write(swaggerJson);
        }
    }
}

2.3 配置Maven Plugin

配置以下两个插件：
swagger2markup-maven-plugin，该插件将json文件转为asciidoc
asciidoctor-maven-plugin, 该插件将asciidoc转为html/pdf

执行Maven命令 ： mvn swagger2markup:convertSwagger2markup process-resources

生成的html文档存储在src\main\resources\META-INF\resources\docs目录下。
启动DemoBootApplication，直接访问http://localhost:8080/docs/index.html。

<pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
        <id>jcenter-snapshots</id>
        <name>jcenter</name>
        <url>http://oss.jfrog.org/artifactory/oss-snapshot-local/</url>
    </pluginRepository>
    <pluginRepository>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>false</enabled>
        </snapshots>
        <id>jcenter-releases</id>
        <name>jcenter</name>
        <url>http://jcenter.bintray.com</url>
    </pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- First, use the swagger2markup plugin to generate asciidoc -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>io.github.swagger2markup</groupId>
            <artifactId>swagger2markup-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${swagger2markup.plugin.version}</version>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>io.github.swagger2markup</groupId>
                    <artifactId>swagger2markup-import-files-ext</artifactId>
                    <version>${swagger2markup.extension.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>io.github.swagger2markup</groupId>
                    <artifactId>swagger2markup</artifactId>
                    <version>${swagger2markup.version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <configuration>
                <!--The URL or file path to the Swagger specification-->
                <swaggerInput>${swagger.input}</swaggerInput>
                <outputDir>${generated.asciidoc.directory}</outputDir>
                <config>
                    <!--设置输出文件的语言：ASCIIDOC, MARKDOWN, CONFLUENCE_MARKUP-->
                    <swagger2markup.markupLanguage>ASCIIDOC</swagger2markup.markupLanguage>
                    <!--设置目录的展现方式-->
                    <swagger2markup.pathsGroupedBy>TAGS</swagger2markup.pathsGroupedBy>
                    <!--扩展Overview的内容，可以增加一些自定义的内容-->
                    <!--<swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicOverview.contentPath>${project.basedir}/src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/overview</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicOverview.contentPath>
                    <swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicDefinitions.contentPath>${project.basedir}/src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/definitions</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicDefinitions.contentPath>
                    <swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicPaths.contentPath>${project.basedir}/src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/paths</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicPaths.contentPath>
                    <swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicSecurity.contentPath>${project.basedir}src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/security</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicSecurity.contentPath>-->
                </config>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>generate-sources</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>convertSwagger2markup</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>



        <!-- Run the generated asciidoc through Asciidoctor to generate
             other documentation types, such as PDFs or HTML5 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId>
            <artifactId>asciidoctor-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.3</version>
            <!-- Include Asciidoctor PDF for pdf generation -->
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId>
                    <artifactId>asciidoctorj-pdf</artifactId>
                    <version>1.5.0-alpha.11</version>
                </dependency>
                <!-- Comment this section to use the default jruby artifact provided by the plugin -->
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.jruby</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jruby-complete</artifactId>
                    <version>${jruby.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <!-- Comment this section to use the default AsciidoctorJ artifact provided by the plugin -->
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId>
                    <artifactId>asciidoctorj</artifactId>
                    <version>${asciidoctorj.version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <!-- Configure generic document generation settings -->
            <configuration>
                <!--默认指向 ${basedir}/src/main/asciidoc-->
                <sourceDirectory>${asciidoctor.input.directory}</sourceDirectory>
                <!--an override to process a single source file; 默认指向 ${sourceDirectory} 中的所有文件-->
                <!--<sourceDocumentName>index.adoc</sourceDocumentName>-->
                <attributes>
                    <doctype>book</doctype>
                    <toc>left</toc>
                    <toclevels>3</toclevels>
                    <numbered></numbered>
                    <hardbreaks></hardbreaks>
                    <sectlinks></sectlinks>
                    <sectanchors></sectanchors>
                    <generated>${generated.asciidoc.directory}</generated>
                </attributes>
            </configuration>
            <!-- Since each execution can only handle one backend, run
                 separate executions for each desired output type -->
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>output-html</id>
                    <phase>generate-resources</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>process-asciidoc</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <backend>html5</backend>
                        <outputDirectory>${asciidoctor.html.output.directory}</outputDirectory>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>


                <!-- 生成PDF -->
                <!--<execution>
                    <id>output-pdf</id>
                    <phase>generate-resources</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>process-asciidoc</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <backend>pdf</backend>
                        <outputDirectory>${asciidoctor.pdf.output.directory}</outputDirectory>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>-->

            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

3. 其他说明

3.1 如何修改/v2/api-docs路径？

swagger-ui是通过获取接口的json数据渲染页面的，即通过swagger的注解将生成接口的描述服务，默认地址为/v2/api-docs,如果需要改变这个请求地址，可以在properties中配置springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.path。

3.2 如何设置所有请求的统一前缀？

默认请求都是以 / 根路径开始，如果我们的应用不是部署在根路径，比如以/platform部署，则可以通过一下方式设置请求的统一前缀。

@Bean
public Docket createV1RestApi() {
    return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
            .apiInfo(apiInfo())
            .select()
            .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE))
            .paths(PathSelectors.any()) 
            .build()
            .pathMapping("/platform"); // 在这里可以设置请求的统一前缀
}

3.3 接口文档中1.4和1.5的信息生成

接口文档中的 1.4和 1.5 则通过以下方式生成：
1.4 URI scheme
// 可以通过在properties中设置 springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.host属性
Host : localhost

// 待确认
BasePath : /

该Host也是swagger-ui发送测试请求的Host, 通常我们会将将接口文档部署在测试服务器，这样就需要设置Host，
否则请求都是通过localhost发送，请求不到测试服务器的接口。

1.5 Tags
@Api(value = "/v1/users",tags = "Users",description = "用户接口V1")
tags由Api注解的tags标签设置，如果不设置，则以类名作为tag

3.4 设置响应对象的Example

通过ApiModelProperty注解的example属性设置响应对象的示例：

@ApiModelProperty(value = "ID",example = "1")
private Integer id;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "姓名",example = "Admin")
private String name;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "地址",example = "171")
private String address;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "年龄",access = "hidden",example = "20")
private int age;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "性别",example = "1")
private int sex;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "生日",example = "2000-10-22")

链接

springfox文档

http://www.jianshu.com/p/b730b969b6a2