转载地址：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_33339479/article/details/78862156
django命令行源码分析
本文环境python3.5.2，django1.10.x系列当命令行输入时django-admin时:
(venv) ACA80166:dbManger wuzi$ django-admin
Type ‘django-admin help <subcommand>‘ for help on a specific subcommand.
Available subcommands:
[django]
check
compilemessages
createcachetable
dbshell
diffsettings
dumpdata
flush
inspectdb
loaddata
makemessages
makemigrations
migrate
runserver
sendtestemail
shell
showmigrations
sqlflush
sqlmigrate
sqlsequencereset
squashmigrations
startapp
startproject
test
testserver
Note that only Django core commands are listed as settings are not properly configured (error: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.).此时，支持的命令只有24个命令，该命令都是由django默认提供支持的命令，并且这些命令对应的具体执行文件都是位于django/core/management/commands/中，并且都是通过django/bin/django-admin.py文件执行来调用，由此先看下django-admin的具体代码分析:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from django.core import management
if __name__ == "__main__":
management.execute_from_command_line()调用management包的init.py文件中的execute_from_command_line函数:
def execute_from_command_line(argv=None):
"""
A simple method that runs a ManagementUtility.
"""
utility = ManagementUtility(argv)
utility.execute()在实例化对象后调用了utility.execute()方法
def execute(self):
"""
Given the command-line arguments, this figures out which subcommand is
being run, creates a parser appropriate to that command, and runs it.
"""
try:
subcommand = self.argv[1] # 获取命令行输入第一个参数,如果没有则为help
except IndexError:
subcommand = ‘help‘ # Display help if no arguments were given.
# Preprocess options to extract --settings and --pythonpath.
# These options could affect the commands that are available, so they
# must be processed early.
parser = CommandParser(None, usage="%(prog)s subcommand [options] [args]", add_help=False) # 添加命令说明
parser.add_argument(‘--settings‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--pythonpath‘)
parser.add_argument(‘args‘, nargs=‘*‘) # catch-all
try:
options, args = parser.parse_known_args(self.argv[2:]) # 解析后面的参数，options:Namespace(args=[],pythonpath=None,settings=None)
handle_default_options(options) # 如果options中的pythonpath或者settings有，则使用传入的路径与文件
except CommandError:
pass # Ignore any option errors at this point.
no_settings_commands = [
‘help‘, ‘version‘, ‘--help‘, ‘--version‘, ‘-h‘,
‘compilemessages‘, ‘makemessages‘,
‘startapp‘, ‘startproject‘,
]
try:
settings.INSTALLED_APPS # 当是django-admin输入时没有配置文件此时会报错，如果是已经生产的项目则可以导入配置文件中已经配置的应用
except ImproperlyConfigured as exc:
self.settings_exception = exc
# A handful of built-in management commands work without settings.
# Load the default settings -- where INSTALLED_APPS is empty.
if subcommand in no_settings_commands:
settings.configure() # 使用django默认提供的全局默认的配置文件
if settings.configured:
# Start the auto-reloading dev server even if the code is broken.
# The hardcoded condition is a code smell but we can‘t rely on a
# flag on the command class because we haven‘t located it yet.
if subcommand == ‘runserver‘ and ‘--noreload‘ not in self.argv: # 如果不是runserver并且没有关闭自动重载功能，则执行以下函数
try:
autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)() # 调用自动检测文件是否修改如果修改则自动重新启动Django服务
except Exception:
# The exception will be raised later in the child process
# started by the autoreloader. Pretend it didn‘t happen by
# loading an empty list of applications.
apps.all_models = defaultdict(OrderedDict)
apps.app_configs = OrderedDict()
apps.apps_ready = apps.models_ready = apps.ready = True
# In all other cases, django.setup() is required to succeed.
else:
django.setup() # 初始化django环境
self.autocomplete() # 检测是否是自动完成
if subcommand == ‘help‘: # 如果解析命令为help
if ‘--commands‘ in args:
sys.stdout.write(self.main_help_text(commands_only=True) + ‘\n‘) # 打印出help命令
elif len(options.args) < 1: # 如果输入参数为空
sys.stdout.write(self.main_help_text() + ‘\n‘)
else:
self.fetch_command(options.args[0]).print_help(self.prog_name, options.args[0]) # 针对某个命令打印相应命令的帮助信息
# Special-cases: We want ‘django-admin --version‘ and
# ‘django-admin --help‘ to work, for backwards compatibility.
elif subcommand == ‘version‘ or self.argv[1:] == [‘--version‘]: # 如果输入的命令是打印版本信息
sys.stdout.write(django.get_version() + ‘\n‘) # 则输出当前Django的版本
elif self.argv[1:] in ([‘--help‘], [‘-h‘]): # 如果输入参数中包括了--help -h 则打印帮助信息
sys.stdout.write(self.main_help_text() + ‘\n‘)
else:
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) # 如果命令行输入单个命令，则寻找该命令，然后执行输入的参数