序
近期这几周。一直在忙同一个项目。刚開始是了解需求。需求有一定了解之后，就開始调第三方的接口。因为第三方给提供的文档非常模糊，在调接口的时候，出了非常多问题，一直在沟通协调，详细的无奈就不说了，因为接口的訪问协议是通过 HTTP 和 HTTPS 通讯的，因此封装了一个简单的请求工具类。因为时间紧迫。并没有额外的时间对工具类进行优化和扩展。假设兴许空出时间的话，我会对该工具类继续进行优化和扩展的。
引用
首先说一下该类中须要引入的 jar 包，apache 的 httpclient 包，版本为 4.5，如有须要的话。可以引一下。
代码
<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;">import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* HTTP 请求工具类
*
* @author : liii
* @version : 1.0.0
* @date : 2015/7/21
* @see : TODO
*/
public class HttpUtil {
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
private static RequestConfig requestConfig;
private static final int MAX_TIMEOUT = 7000;
static {
// 设置连接池
connMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
// 设置连接池大小
connMgr.setMaxTotal(100);
connMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connMgr.getMaxTotal());
RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();
// 设置连接超时
configBuilder.setConnectTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
// 设置读取超时
configBuilder.setSocketTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
// 设置从连接池获取连接实例的超时
configBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
// 在提交请求之前 測试连接是否可用
configBuilder.setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true);
requestConfig = configBuilder.build();
}
/**
* 发送 GET 请求（HTTP）。不带输入数据
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url) {
return doGet(url, new HashMap<String, Object>());
}
/**
* 发送 GET 请求（HTTP）。K-V形式
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {
String apiUrl = url;
StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
int i = 0;
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
if (i == 0)
param.append("?");
else
param.append("&");
param.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
i++;
}
apiUrl += param;
String result = null;
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
try {
HttpGet httpPost = new HttpGet(apiUrl);
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("运行状态码 : " + statusCode);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
result = IOUtils.toString(instream, "UTF-8");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 发送 POST 请求（HTTP），不带输入数据
* @param apiUrl
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String apiUrl) {
return doPost(apiUrl, new HashMap<String, Object>());
}
/**
* 发送 POST 请求（HTTP），K-V形式
* @param apiUrl API接口URL
* @param params 參数map
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String apiUrl, Map<String, Object> params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String httpStr = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<>(params.size());
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry
.getValue().toString());
pairList.add(pair);
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(response.toString());
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return httpStr;
}
/**
* 发送 POST 请求（HTTP），JSON形式
* @param apiUrl
* @param json json对象
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String apiUrl, Object json) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String httpStr = null;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json.toString(),"UTF-8");//解决中文乱码问题
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return httpStr;
}
/**
* 发送 SSL POST 请求（HTTPS），K-V形式
* @param apiUrl API接口URL
* @param params 參数map
* @return
*/
public static String doPostSSL(String apiUrl, Map<String, Object> params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConnSocketFactory()).setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String httpStr = null;
try {
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(params.size());
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry
.getValue().toString());
pairList.add(pair);
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
return null;
}
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity == null) {
return null;
}
httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return httpStr;
}
/**
* 发送 SSL POST 请求（HTTPS），JSON形式
* @param apiUrl API接口URL
* @param json JSON对象
* @return
*/
public static String doPostSSL(String apiUrl, Object json) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConnSocketFactory()).setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String httpStr = null;
try {
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json.toString(),"UTF-8");//解决中文乱码问题
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
return null;
}
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity == null) {
return null;
}
httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return httpStr;
}
/**
* 创建SSL安全连接
*
* @return
*/
private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory createSSLConnSocketFactory() {
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = null;
try {
SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
}).build();
sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
return true;
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl) throws IOException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert) throws SSLException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, String[] cns, String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
}
});
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sslsf;
}
/**
* 測试方法
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
}
}</span>结束语
工具类封装的比較粗糙。兴许还会继续优化的，假设小伙伴们有更好的选择的话，希望也可以分享出来，大家一起学习。