云主机初始化swap与数据盘
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背景当前市面上大部分的云服务器产品，在购买Linux服务器并启动后，通常只帮我们挂载了系统盘到/目录。我们所购买的数据盘并没有帮我们挂载到系统。查看内存配置，一般swap也为0。
这里我们可以利用购买的数据盘来创建swap分区与数据分区，并将他们挂载到系统中去。
操作
1，查看当前的磁盘，如下，/dev/vda为系统盘，/dev/vdb为数据盘：
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0008e9bc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/vda2 2099200 104857566 51379183+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 429.5 GB, 429496729600 bytes, 838860800 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2，对/dev/vdb进行分区操作，分割16G空间做swap，剩余空间做数据盘。
# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb07be21f.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-838860799, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-838860799, default 838860799): +16G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 16 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (33556480-838860799, default 33556480):
Using default value 33556480
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (33556480-838860799, default 838860799):
Using default value 838860799
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 384 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008e9bc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 2099200 104857566 51379183+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 429.5 GB, 429496729600 bytes, 838860800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x53b4d701
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 33556479 16777216 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 33556480 838860799 402652160 83 Linux可以看到创建了2个分区/dev/vdb1,/dev/vdb2。
3,创建swap分区，并启用：
# mkswap /dev/vdb1 # swapon /dev/vdb1
4,把/dev/vdb2格式化，并挂载到/data目录下：(这里格式成xfs文件系统)
# mkdir -p /data # mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2 # mount /dev/vdb2 /data
5，检查是否生效：
# df -kh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda2 49G 1.7G 45G 4% / devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 7.8G 25M 7.8G 1% /run tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda1 976M 146M 764M 16% /boot tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0 /dev/vdb2 384G 33M 384G 1% /data # free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 15885 393 14628 24 863 15158
6，把磁盘挂载信息写进fstab，使之开启自动挂载：
# vi /etc/fstab /dev/vdb1 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/vdb2 /data xfs defaults 0 0
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