rsync备份服务(下)
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第1章 回顾
1.1 rsync备份软件是什么
是一款开源的 多功能 快速的全量和增量备份软件
1.2 rsync软件命令特点（1v4）
a 等价于本地复制命令（cp）
b 等价于远程复制命令（scp）
c 等价于数据删除命令（rm）
d 等价于数据查看命令（ls）
1.3 rsync软件服务特点（7点）
1. 可以实现排除同步数据
2. 可以实现加密传输数据（借助ssh协议隧道）
3. 可以实现数据传输认证机制
4. 可以实现socket守护进程方式，传输数据（重点）
5. 可以保持数据传输属性信息不变（-p）
6. 可以传输普通文件，也可以传输特殊文件（链接文件 或者 设备文件）
7. 可以数据增量传输
1.4 rsync软件实现增量传输同步原理
基于一种特殊的算法“quick check”，实现增量复制传输数据
1. 先实现两台主机之间网络互通
2. 对要传输的数据信息，进行属性信息比对（比如 文件大小 时间信息 属主 属组 权限属性等）
3. 只传输变化的数据信息
1.5 rsync服务工作方式（三种）
1. 实现本地数据传输备份
2. 实现远程数据传输备份
3. 实现守护进程方式数据传输备份（重点）
1.6 rsync守护进程方式部署流程
1.6.1 服务端部署流程：
第一步：检查软件是否安装
第二步：编写rsync软件配置文件
第三步：创建备份目录的管理用户
第四步：创建认证时所需要密码文件（对密码文件权限进行修改为600权限）
第五步：创建数据备份目录，修改备份目录属主和属组权限为管理用户（rsync）
第六步：启动rsync服务（rsync --daemon）
1.6.2 客户端部署流程：
进行数据传输测试
说明：如果想实现免交互方式传输数据，客户端要完成以下操作步骤
第一步：创建密码文件，并进行修改权限为600
echo "wuhuang123" >>/etc/rsync.password
chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
[[email protected] ~]# echo "wuhuang123" >>/etc/rsync.password [[email protected] ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password [[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/rsync.password -rw------- 1 root root 10 Jan 23 14:45 /etc/rsync.password |
第二步：进行免交互传输数据测试
rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list hosts
sent 201 bytes received 27 bytes 456.00 bytes/sec total size is 372 speedup is 1.63 [[email protected] ~]# ll /backup/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 372 Jan 19 11:55 hosts |
1.7 rsync守护进程方式传输数据原理过程
第2章 实际工作中部署rsync软件方案
在备份服务器上部署rsync软件服务，采用推的方式(push:即从本地机器拷贝文件到远程rsync服务器中)进行数据备份传输。
采用定时备份：备份的数据信息大部分是内部人员产生的数据
采用实时备份：备份的数据信息大部分是外部人员产生的数据
第3章 rsync命令参数
命令参数 | 参数 |
-v, --verbose | 详细模式输出，传输时的信息。 |
-z,--compress | 传输时进行压缩提供传输效率，--compress-level=NUM 可按级别压缩，局域网可以不用压缩 |
-a, --archive 重要 | 归档模式，表示以递归方式传输文件，并保持所有文件属性，等于-rlptgoD。 |
-r, --recursive 归类于-a参数 | 对子目录以递归模式处理，即目录下的所有目录都同样传输，注意是小写 |
-t, --times 归类于-a参数 | 保持文件时间信息。 |
-o, --owner 归类于-a参数 | 保持文件属主信息。 |
-p, --perms 归类于-a参数 | 保持文件权限。 |
-g, --group 归类于-a参数 | 保持文件属组信息。 |
-P --progress | 等同于 --partial,显示备份过程。 |
-D, --devices 归类于-a参数 | 保持设备文件信息。 |
-l, --links 归类于-a参数 | 保留软链结。(小写字母) |
-e, --rsh=command | 指定使用rsh、ssh方式进行数据同步 |
--exclude=PATTETN | 用来指定排除那些不希望传输的文件（和tar参数一样） |
--exclude-from=FILE | 文件名所在的目录文件，即可以实现排除多个文件（和tar参数一样） |
--bwlimit=RATE | limit I/O bandwidth: KBytes per second limit socket I/O bandwidth限速功能 案例：某DBA做数据同步，带宽占满，导致用户无法访问网站 |
--delete | 让目标目录SRC和源目录数据DST一致，即无差异同步数据 |
保持同步目录及文件属性： 这里的-avzP 相当于 -vzrtopgDIP（还多了DI功能），生产环境常用的参数选项为 -avzP 或 -vzrtopgP 如果是放入脚本中，也可以把 -v 和 -P去掉。这里的 --progress 可以用 -P代替。 | |
例：-e, --rsh=command 指定使用rsh、ssh方式进行数据同步
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz -e "ssh -p22" /wuhuang/a 172.16.1.41:/backup The authenticity of host '172.16.1.41 (172.16.1.41)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 57:3f:64:68:95:4d:99:54:01:33:ab:47:a0:72:da:bf. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.41' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: sending incremental file list a/ a/1 a/2 a/3
sent 171 bytes received 73 bytes 28.71 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 [[email protected] ~]# ll /backup/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 17:54 a |
第4章 rsync服务常见错误
4.1 rsync服务端开启的iptables防火墙
【客户端的错误】 No route to host 【错误演示过程】 [[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: No route to host (113) rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6] 【异常问题解决】 关闭rsync服务端的防火墙服务（iptables） 也可做防火墙设置，此处不多讲 [[email protected] mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [[email protected] mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables status iptables: Firewall is not running. |
4.2 rsync客户端执行rsync命令错误：
客户端的错误现象： [[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::/backup ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a / rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6] 异常问题解决： rsync命令语法理解错误，::/backup是错误的语法，应该为::backup(rsync模块) |
4.3 @ERROR: auth failed on module oldboy
客户端的错误现象： [[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: @ERROR: auth failed on module backup rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6] 异常问题解决： 1. 密码真的输入错误，用户名真的错误 2. secrets file = /etc/rsync.password指定的密码文件和实际密码文件名称不一致 3. /etc/rsync.password文件权限不是600 4. rsync_backup:123456密码配置文件后面注意不要有空格 5. rsync客户端密码文件中只输入密码信息即可，不要输入虚拟认证用户名称 |
4.4 Unknown module 'backup'
[[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup @ERROR: Unknown module 'backup' rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6] 异常问题解决： 1. /etc/rsyncd.conf配置文件模块名称书写错误 2. 模块对应的目录创建有误 |
4.5 Permission denied
[[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: sending incremental file list hosts rsync: mkstemp ".hosts.5z3AOA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 63.71 bytes/sec total size is 349 speedup is 1.57 rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6] 异常问题解决： 1. 共享目录的属主和属组不正确，不是rsync 2. 共享目录的权限不正确，不是755 |
4.6 chdir failed
[[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: @ERROR: chdir failed rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6] 异常问题解决： 1. 备份存储目录没有建立 2. 建立的备份存储目录和配置文件定义不一致 说明：如果没有备份存储目录 |
4.7 invalid uid rsync
[[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: @ERROR: invalid uid rsync rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6] 异常问题解决： rsync服务对应rsync虚拟用户不存在了 |
4.8 客户端已经配置了密码文件，但免秘钥登录方式，依旧需要输入密码
password file must not be other-accessible
[[email protected] tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password password file must not be other-accessible continuing without password file Password: sending incremental file list
sent 26 bytes received 8 bytes 5.23 bytes/sec total size is 349 speedup is 10.26 异常问题解决： rsync客户端的秘钥文件也必须是600权限 |
4.9 rsync客户端连接慢问题
错误日志输出 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] name lookup failed for 172.16.1.31: Name or service not known 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] connect from UNKNOWN (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] rsync to backup/ from [email protected] (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] receiving file list 2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349 正确日志输出 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] connect from nfs02 (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] rsync to backup/ from [email protected] (172.16.1.31) 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] receiving file list 2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349 客户端连接慢原因：主机名未被解析 异常问题解决： 查看日志进行分析，配置/etc/hosts文件，写入对应主机名与IP的映射关系 |
4.10 rsync服务没有正确启动
Connection refused (111)
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: Connection refused (111) rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6] 解决 rsync服务没开启 [[email protected] ~]# rsync --daemon [[email protected] ~]# ss -lntup |grep rsync tcp LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::* users:(("rsync",1434,5)) tcp LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:* users:(("rsync",1434,4)) [[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup Password: sending incremental file list hosts
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 49.56 bytes/sec total size is 349 speedup is 1.57 |
第5章 rsync扩展应用说明
5.1 rsync服务特殊启动方法
1. 让rsync守护进程开机自启动
echo "rsync --daemon" >>/etc/rc.local
利用xinetd服务启动rsync守护进程服务流程
5.1.1 第一个里程碑：确认是否安装了xinetd服务软件
rpm -qa|grep xinetd
yum install -y xinetd
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep xinetd [[email protected] ~]# yum install xinetd -y |
5.1.2 第二个里程碑：配置xinetd文件，让rsync服务允许被超级守护进程管理
vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
disable = yes ===> disable = no
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync # default: off # description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \ # allows crc checksumming etc. service rsync { disable =no flags = IPv6 socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/bin/rsync server_args = --daemon log_on_failure += USERID } |
5.1.3 第三个里程碑：确保rsync守护进程服务关闭了
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup|grep rsync tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1294/rsync tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 1294/rsync [[email protected] ~]# killall rsync [[email protected] ~]# killall rsync rsync: no process killed |
5.1.4 第四个里程碑：启动xinetd服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd start Starting xinetd: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 873 tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN 1353/xinetd |
5.2 守护进程多模块功能配置
5.2.1 第一个里程碑-修改配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf #rsync_config #created by HQ at 2017 ##rsyncd.conf start##
uid = rsync gid = rsync use chroot = no max connections = 200 timeout = 300 pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log ignore errors read only = false list = false hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32 auth users = rsync_backup secrets file = /etc/rsync.password [backup] comment = "backup dir by wuhuang" path = /backup [devbackup] comment = "backup dir by wuhuang" path = /devbackup [sabackup] comment = "backup dir by wuhuang" path = /sabackup |
5.2.2 第二个里程碑-创建数据备份目录，修改备份目录属主和属组权限为管理用户
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /{backup,devbackup,sabackup}/ -p [[email protected] ~]# chown -R rsync.rsync /{backup,devbackup,sabackup}/ [[email protected] ~]# ll /backup/ -d drwxr-xr-x 3 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 21:08 /backup/ [[email protected] ~]# ll /devbackup/ -d drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 23:17 /devbackup/ [[email protected] ~]# ll /sabackup/ -d drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 23:17 /sabackup/ |
5.2.3 第三个里程碑-重启rsync服务
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart Stopping xinetd: [ OK ] Starting xinetd: [ OK ] |
说明：
1. 如果是由rsync --daemon启动的，重启时使用 killall rsync && rsync --daemon
2. 如果是由 /etc/init.d/xinetd start启动的，重启时使用 /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
5.2.4 第四个里程碑-rsync客户端测试
[[email protected] ~]# rsync --delete -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::devbackup --password-file=/etc/rsync.passwordsending incremental file list hosts
sent 205 bytes received 27 bytes 464.00 bytes/sec total size is 372 speedup is 1.60 [[email protected] ~]# rsync --delete -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::sabackup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list hosts
sent 205 bytes received 27 bytes 464.00 bytes/sec total size is 372 speedup is 1.60 [[email protected] ~]# rsync --delete -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list hosts
sent 205 bytes received 27 bytes 464.00 bytes/sec total size is 372 speedup is 1.60 [[email protected] ~]# ll /backup/ /devbackup/ /sabackup/ /backup/: total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 372 Jan 19 11:55 hosts /devbackup/: total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 372 Jan 19 11:55 hosts /sabackup/: total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 372 Jan 19 11:55 hosts |
5.3 守护进程的排除功能实践
创建一个测试环境：nfs服务器（客户端）上操作
[[email protected] ~]# tree /wuhuang/ /wuhuang/ ├── a │ ├── 1 │ ├── 2 │ └── 3 ├── b │ ├── 1 │ ├── 2 │ └── 3 ├── c │ ├── 1 │ ├── 2 │ └── 3 └── d ├── 1 ├── 2 └── 3 4 directories, 12 files
|
实现数据同步传输排除方法
1. --exclude 参数指定排除的文件或目录信息
2. --exclude-from 参数指定排除的多个数据信息文件
5.3.1 --exclude=PATTETN
--exclude实现排除需求：不要a和b，只要c目录所有数据，d目录中只要1和3文件
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz /wuhuang/ --exclude=a --exclude=b --exclude=d/2 [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list ./ c/ c/1 c/2 c/3 d/ d/1 d/3
sent 292 bytes received 114 bytes 270.67 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 [[email protected] ~]# ll -R /backup/ /backup/: total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 17:54 c drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 17:54 d
/backup/c: total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 1 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 2 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 3
/backup/d: total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 1 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 3 |
以上命令精简化：
rsync -avz /wuhuang/ --exclude={a..b} --exclude=d/2 [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password 或 rsync -avz /wuhuang/ --exclude={a,b} --exclude=d/2 [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password 5.3.2 --exclude-from=FILE |
--exclude-from实现排除需求：不要a和b 只要c目录所有数据 d目录中只要1和3文件
[[email protected] wuhuang]# pwd /wuhuang [[email protected] wuhuang]# vim exclude.txt [[email protected] wuhuang]# cat exclude.txt a b d/2 [[email protected] wuhuang]# rsync -avz /wuhuang/ --exclude-from=/wuhuang/exclude.txt [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list ./ exclude.txt c/ c/1 c/2 c/3 d/ d/1 d/3
sent 368 bytes received 133 bytes 1002.00 bytes/sec total size is 8 speedup is 0.02 [[email protected] ~]# ll -R /backup/ /backup/: total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 17:54 c drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Jan 23 17:54 d -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 8 Jan 23 23:54 exclude.txt
/backup/c: total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 1 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 2 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 3 /backup/d: total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 1 -rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Jan 23 17:54 3 |
说明：如果在排除同步过程中，出现了指定的exclude.txt文件，两种方法解决：
01. 将exclude.txt文件从同步数据目录中移出
02. 在exclude.txt文件中写入排除自身文件信息
5.3.3 守护进程来创建备份目录
[[email protected] ~]# ll /backup/ total 0 [[email protected] ~]# rsync -av /wuhuang/a [email protected]::backup/01/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list created directory 01 a/ a/1 a/2 a/3
sent 176 bytes received 69 bytes 163.33 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 [[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz /wuhuang/b [email protected]::backup/02/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list created directory 02 b/ b/1 b/2 b/3
sent 167 bytes received 69 bytes 472.00 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 [[email protected] ~]# tree /backup/ /backup/ ├── 01 │ └── a │ ├── 1 │ ├── 2 │ └── 3 └── 02 └── b ├── 1 ├── 2 └── 3
4 directories, 6 files
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说明：rsync客户端无法实现mkdir -p参数功能，即无法实现创建多级目录
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz /wuhuang/c [email protected]::backup/03/w/h --password-file=/etc/rsync.password sending incremental file list rsync: mkdir "03/w/h" (in backup) failed: No such file or directory (2) rsync error: error in file IO (code 11) at main.c(576) [receiver=3.0.6] rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (5 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(600) [sender=3.0.6] |
5.3.4 守护进程的访问控制配置
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf #rsync_config #created by HQ at 2017 ##rsyncd.conf start##
uid = rsync gid = rsync use chroot = no max connections = 200 timeout = 300 pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log ignore errors read only = false list = false hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24 hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32 auth users = rsync_backup secrets file = /etc/rsync.password [backup] comment = "backup dir by wuhuang" path = /backup [devbackup] comment = "backup dir by wuhuang" path = /devbackup [sabackup] comment = "backup dir by wuhuang" path = /sabackup |
第三种情况测试
[[email protected] ~]# rsync --delete -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]10.0.0.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 205 bytes received 27 bytes 154.67 bytes/sec
total size is 372 speedup is 1.60 10.0.0.41网段可以实现传输
5.4 守护进程无差异同步配置
无差异同步通俗的讲：
1. 我有的数据，你也有；我没有的数据，你也不能有（删除）
2. 存储与备份服务数据完全一致（一模一样）
5.4.1 实现无差异同步的方法：利用--delete
我有的数据，你也有：实践过程
rsync客户端操作命令：
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avz --delete /wuhuang/ [email protected]2.16.1.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
./
exclude.txt
a/
a/1
a/2
a/3
b/
b/1
b/2
b/3
c/
c/1
c/2
c/3
d/
d/1
d/2
d/3
sent 705 bytes received 274 bytes 1958.00 bytes/sec
total size is 8 speedup is 0.01
rsync服务端检查：
[[email protected] ~]# tree /backup/
/backup/
├── a
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
├── b
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
├── c
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
├── d
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
└── exclude.txt
4 directories, 13 files
我没有的数据，你也不能有（删除）：实践过程
[[email protected] ~]# cd /wuhuang/
[[email protected] wuhuang]# rm -rf a
[[email protected] wuhuang]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 17:54 b
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 17:54 c
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 17:54 d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 Jan 23 23:54 exclude.txt
[[email protected] wuhuang]# rsync -avz --delete /wuhuang/ [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
./
deleting a/3
deleting a/2
deleting a/1
deleting a/
sent 177 bytes received 14 bytes 382.00 bytes/sec
total size is 8 speedup is 0.04
rsync服务端检查：
[[email protected] ~]# tree /backup/
/backup/
├── b
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
├── c
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
├── d
│ ├── 1
│ ├── 2
│ └── 3
└── exclude.txt
3 directories, 10 files
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