由于派生类包含基类的原因,我们在创建一个派生类的时候,系统会先创建一个基类。需要注意的是,派生类会吸纳基类的全部成员,但并不包括构造函数及后面讲的析构函数,那么就意味着创建派生类在调用自己的构造函数之前,会先调用基类的构造函数。
#include <iostream> using namespace std; class Base{ public: Base(){ cout << "This is Base constructor" << endl; } ~Base(){ cout << "THis is Base discontructor" << endl; } Base(int n): num(n){} void print(){ cout << "Hello Base class: " << num << endl; } private: int num = 1; }; class Derived : public Base{ public: Derived(){ cout << "This is Derived constructor" << endl; } ~Derived(){ cout << "THis is Derived disconstructor" << endl; } //基类如果有带参构造函数,那么派生类通过基类的构造函数 //来初始化它的基类部分 //首先初始化基类部分,然后再依次初始化它自己的部分 Derived(int n): Base(n), code(n){} void greet(){ cout << "Hello, Derived class: " << code << endl; } private: int code = 2; }; int main(){ Derived A, B(10); A.print(); A.greet(); B.print(); B.greet(); return 0; }
运行结果: